The functional modulation of deep brain structures plays a crucial role in the treatment of psychiatric disorders; however, current approaches primarily rely on invasive techniques such as deep brain stimulation. Temporal Interference (TI) transcranial electrical stimulation is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique capable of precisely regulating the activity of deep brain nuclei, offering an innovative and promising approach for psychiatric disorder treatment. In recent years, studies conducted on healthy individuals and patients with neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease) have provided preliminary evidence supporting the deep brain modulation capabilities of TI. Meanwhile, multiple registered clinical studies are actively investigating its potential applications in psychiatric treatment. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles, neuromodulatory mechanisms, and recent research advances of TI in psychiatric disorders. Additionally, it highlights key scientific issues that need to be addressed to facilitate further basic research and clinical translation in this field.

It has been popular and challenging to undertake researches on the delay of acquired resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). As key cells for tumor initiation, cancer stem cells (CSC) play an important role in the process of resistance to EGFR-TKI. Although preliminary studies found that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) could inhibit CSC properties and delay EGFR-TKI resistance, the specific molecular mechanism remains unclear. By summarizing the empirical syndrome treatment of EGFR-TKI resistance via TCM and combining recent researches on TCM intervention in CSC to delay EGFR-TKI resistance, this review discussed the potential molecular pathways and mechanisms of deceleration in resistance to EGFR-TKI by TCM via inhibiting CSC characteristics, in order to expand the research ideas of TCM in combination with targeted therapy.
Humans ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects* ; ErbB Receptors/genetics* ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVES: To propose a single repetition time (TR) quantitative magnetic susceptibility imaging method for the lumbar spine using bipolar readout gradient, and compare the quantitative magnetic susceptibility measurement using single TR and dual TR methods for the lumbar spine with different bone densities. METHODS: A translation correction method was proposed to correct spatial misalignment along the frequency encoding direction between positive and negative gradient readout images, and the phase difference between the images was eliminated using a phase correction method. The data of lumbar vertebrae L1-L5 were collected using single TR and dual TR methods from 6 normal individuals, 2 patients with osteopenia, and 2 patients with osteoporosis. The magnetic susceptibility map was reconstructed, the quantitative results of single TR before and after correction were compared with those of the dual TR method. RESULTS: The linear regression result of the lumbar spine magnetic susceptibility values obtained by the single TR method before calibration and the dual TR method is Y=0.64*X-11.61. The linear regression result of the lumbar spine magnetic susceptibility values corrected by the single TR method and the dual TR method is Y=1.03*X+0.25. The results of the corrected single TR method were highly consistent with those of the dual TR method, and the calibrated single TR method could effectively distinguish osteopenia and osteoporosis patients from normal individuals. CONCLUSIONS The calibrated single TR bipolar readout gradient method can generate artifact-free lumbar spine quantitative magnetic susceptibility distribution maps and reduce data acquisition time by 50%.
Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Osteoporosis/diagnosis* ; Adult ; Bone Density ; Aged ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis*

Objective To explore the potential categories of dyadic psychological capital and related factors among stroke patients and their spouses,in order to inform the improvement of their mental health.Methods Stroke patients and their spouses were recruited in the Neurology Department of 3 tertiary general hospitals from March,2023 to August,2023 by convenience sampling method.The general information questionnaire,Modified Rankin Scale(mRs),Psychological Capital Questionnaire,The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K10)and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS)were used for investigation.Latent profile analysis was adopted to explore the categories of dyadic psychological capital,and multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of various factors on different categories.Results A total of 232 returned questionnaires(out of the 235)were valid,resulting an effective response rate of 98.7％.Stroke patients and their spouses were divided into 3 categories,including dyadic low psychological capital-low self-efficacy group(6.0％),dyadic high psychological capital-low resilience group(15.9％)and dyadic medium psychological capital group(78.1％).The stroke patients'education level,mRs scores,occupational status after the illness,level of perceived social support,and spouses'working condition were the influencing factors on potential profiles of dyadic psychological capital(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are heterogeneity and interdependence in the level of dyadic psychological capital of stroke patients and their spouses.Healthcare professionals should promote dyadic mental health by developing targeted interventions for stroke patients and their spouses with different psychological capital characteristics from a dyadic holistic perspective.

Objective To explore the potential categories of dyadic psychological capital and related factors among stroke patients and their spouses,in order to inform the improvement of their mental health.Methods Stroke patients and their spouses were recruited in the Neurology Department of 3 tertiary general hospitals from March,2023 to August,2023 by convenience sampling method.The general information questionnaire,Modified Rankin Scale(mRs),Psychological Capital Questionnaire,The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K10)and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS)were used for investigation.Latent profile analysis was adopted to explore the categories of dyadic psychological capital,and multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of various factors on different categories.Results A total of 232 returned questionnaires(out of the 235)were valid,resulting an effective response rate of 98.7％.Stroke patients and their spouses were divided into 3 categories,including dyadic low psychological capital-low self-efficacy group(6.0％),dyadic high psychological capital-low resilience group(15.9％)and dyadic medium psychological capital group(78.1％).The stroke patients'education level,mRs scores,occupational status after the illness,level of perceived social support,and spouses'working condition were the influencing factors on potential profiles of dyadic psychological capital(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are heterogeneity and interdependence in the level of dyadic psychological capital of stroke patients and their spouses.Healthcare professionals should promote dyadic mental health by developing targeted interventions for stroke patients and their spouses with different psychological capital characteristics from a dyadic holistic perspective.

The functional modulation of deep brain structures plays a crucial role in the treatment of psychiatric disorders; however, current approaches primarily rely on invasive techniques such as deep brain stimulation. Temporal Interference (TI) transcranial electrical stimulation is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique capable of precisely regulating the activity of deep brain nuclei, offering an innovative and promising approach for psychiatric disorder treatment. In recent years, studies conducted on healthy individuals and patients with neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease) have provided preliminary evidence supporting the deep brain modulation capabilities of TI. Meanwhile, multiple registered clinical studies are actively investigating its potential applications in psychiatric treatment. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental principles, neuromodulatory mechanisms, and recent research advances of TI in psychiatric disorders. Additionally, it highlights key scientific issues that need to be addressed to facilitate further basic research and clinical translation in this field.

Objective To explore the causal association between gut microbes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by Mendelian randomisation analysis.Methods Genetic instrumental variables for gut microbiota were identified from a gene-wide association study of 18 340 participants,and summary statistics for NAFLD were ob-tained from the FinnGen database,which provided data on 894 NAFLD cases and 217 898 controls using the IVW method as the primary analysis.In order to test the robustness of the results,MR-Egger method,WM method,Simple Mode method,Weighted Mode method were used for Mendelian randomisation analysis,and heterogeneity test,sensitivity analysis,and multiplicity analysis were performed.Results class Gammaproteobacteria IVW re-sults showed(OR=0.621,95％CI=0.412～0.934,P=0.022);family Enterobacteriaceae IVW results showed(OR=1.481,95％CI=1.069～2.053,P=0.018);genus Lachnospiraceae IVW results showed(OR=1.405,95％CI=1.036～1.904,P=0.029);genus Prevotella7 IVW results showed(OR=0.834,95％CI=0.714～0.974,P=0.021);genus Prevotella9 IVW results showed(OR=1.251,95％CI=1.025～1.527,P=0.027);order Desulfovibrionales IVW results showed(OR=0.714,95％CI=0.519～0.982,P=0.038);or-der Enterobacteriales IVW results showed(OR=1.481,95％CI=1.069～2.053,P=0.018).And there was no heterogeneity in the heterogeneity test,and the sensitivity analyses all showed robustness and no pleiotropy was found.Conclusion This study implicates class Gammaproteobacteria,family Enterobacteriaceae,genus Lachno-spiraceae,genus Prevotella7,genus Prevotella9,order Desulfovibrionales,order Enterobacteriales seven species of gut microorganisms have a causal relationship with NAFLD.

OBJECTIVE To study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of total flavonoids from Melicope pteleifolia （TF-MPL） on transplanted tumor of colorectal cancer in nude mice. METHODS The transplanted tumor model of colorectal cancer was induced by injecting 0.2 mL colorectal cancer cell LoVo subcutaneously via the right armpit of nude mice. After successful modeling， nude mice were randomly divided into model group， 5-fluorouracil group （positive control， 10 mg/kg）， TF-MPL high- dose and low-dose groups （25， 12.5 mg/kg）； a normal group （normal saline containing 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium） without modeling was additionally set up， with 6 mice in each group. Each group was intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding drug solution/solvent for 21 consecutive days. The inhibitory rate of the transplanted tumor， liver and spleen index， and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in serum were detected after the last medication； the morphological changes of tumor tissue were observed； immunohistochemical staining was used to detect protein expressions of Toll- like receptor 4 （TLR4） and nuclear factor-κB subunit p65 （NF-κB p65） in tumor tissue of nude mice. Western blot assay was used to detect protein expressions of TLR4， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）， TNF receptor-associated factor 6 （TRAF6）， interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 （IRAK-1）， NF-κB p65 and caspase-3 in tumor tissue of nude mice. RESULTS Compared with the model group， TF-MPL high-dose group showed a significant decrease in tumor weight （inhibitory rate of 36.91%）， liver and spleen index， serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and protein expressions of TLR4， MyD88， TRAF6，IRAK-1 and NF- κB p65 （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the expression of caspase-3 protein was increased significantly （P＜0.05）， and more tumor cell shrinkage and deformation， nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation were observed. CONCLUSIONS TF-MPL can significantly inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor of colorectal cancer in nude mice， the mechanism of which may be associated with reducing inflammatory response， inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway， and promoting apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects of glycyrrhizin （GL） on Helicobacter pylori （HP）-associated gastritis in rats and its mechanism. METHODS HP-associated gastritis rat model was induced by inoculating with 1×109 cfu/mL HP. The model rats were randomly divided into model group， positive control group （HP standard quadruple group）， GL low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （5， 20， 50 mg/kg）， with 12 rats in each group. Another 12 healthy rats were selected as normal control group. Except the normal control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， the other groups were given corresponding drugs intragastrically， once a day， for 30 consecutive days. After administration， rats received 13C urea breath test， and delta-over-baseline （DOB） was recorded； the pathological and cellular morphological changes of gastric mucosa in rats were observed， and pathological scoring was performed； the levels of interleukin-8 （IL-8）， IL-1β， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， reactive oxygen species （ROS） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were detected in gastric mucosa of rats； mRNA expressions of high mobility group box-1 protein （HMGB1） and nuclear factor-κ-B （NF-κB）， relative expressions of nitric oxide synthases （iNOS） and HMGB1， the phosphorylation level of NF- κBp65 were also detected in rats. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， the DOB value， histopathological score of gastric mucosa， the levels of IL-8， IL-1β， TNF-α， ROS and MDA， relative expressions of HMGB1 and NF- κB mRNA， relative expressions of iNOS and HMGB1 protein and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 were all increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）； the epithelial cells of gastric mucosa in rats were incomplete in structure and decreased in the number， with an increase in cell fragments and vacuoles， and significant cell pyknosis. Compared with model group， the changes of the above indexes in GL groups and positive control group were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）； the changes in the above indicators in the GL high-dose group were more significant than GL low-dose and medium-dose groups （P＜0.05）； the pathological changes of gastric mucosal cells in rats had all improved. CONCLUSIONS GL may inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the activation of HMGB1/NF-κB pathway， thus relieving HP-induced gastric mucosal injury.

Objective:To build a systematic and standardized nutrition management plan for patients with chronic kidney disease.Methods:Based on the nutrition care procedure and model, a preliminary draft of a nutrition management plan for chronic kidney disease patients was developed through a literature search, quality evaluation, and group discussions. After two rounds of expert consultation and revision of the preliminary draft of the nutrition management plan, the final plan was formed.Results:A total of 32 experts were invited to complete two rounds of consultation. In two rounds of expert consultation, 32 questionnaires were distributed, and 32 and 31 valid questionnaires were collected, with valid response rates of 100.0% and 96.9%, respectively. The expert authority coefficients were 0.853 and 0.871, respectively. The final nutrition management plan for chronic kidney disease patients included six first-level items of nutrition management personnel: nutrition risk screening, nutrition assessment, nutrition treatment, nutrition monitoring, and nutrition health education, with 23 second-level and 52 third-level items.Conclusions:The constructed nutrition management plan for chronic kidney disease patients is scientific and can provide a reference for nutrition guidance.