Objective To establish different sleep deprivation models in zebrafish to provide reproducible and practical modeling reference solutions for basic research on insomnia.Methods Zebrafish insomnia models were induced by two interventions:continuous light(150 Lux)and light plus caffeine.The zebrafish were divided randomly into control,light,caffeine(100 μmol/L),and combined light and caffeine groups.The locomotor ability of zebrafish in each group was observed using open field and circadian rhythm behavioral experiments.The expression and secretion of related sleep genes and the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin;5-HT)were detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.Results Sleep time,resting time(during the day),and sleep rounds were significantly reduced(P＜0.01 or P=0.01)and the distance traveled was significantly increased in the light group compared with the control group(P＜0.01).The resting time(daytime)and sleep rounds were increased in the combined and caffeine groups(P＜0.01)compared with the control group.There was no significant difference in the activity distance between the combined and caffeine groups(P＞0.05).The percentages of swimming distance and swimming time in the central area were decreased in the light group compared with the control group(P＜0.05),and were both decreased in the caffeine group compared with the light group(P＜0.01).HT receptor 1Aa(HTR1aa)mRNA expression at 6:00.and 12:00 was up-regulated in the light group compared with the control group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in HTR1ab mRNA levels between the light group and the combined group(P＞0.05).5-HT secretion was decreased in the light group at 6:00(P＜0.01)and at 12:00 compared with the control group.5-HT levels were reduced in both the light and combined groups(P＜0.01),and secretion levels in the light and combined groups were still lower than in the control group at 18:00.(P＜0.01).Conclusions Light alone is the best intervention for modeling long-lasting insomnia in zebrafish larvae.The responsible mechanisms may be related to the HTR1aa gene as well as biological factors such as 5-HT.

Objective To establish different sleep deprivation models in zebrafish to provide reproducible and practical modeling reference solutions for basic research on insomnia.Methods Zebrafish insomnia models were induced by two interventions:continuous light(150 Lux)and light plus caffeine.The zebrafish were divided randomly into control,light,caffeine(100 μmol/L),and combined light and caffeine groups.The locomotor ability of zebrafish in each group was observed using open field and circadian rhythm behavioral experiments.The expression and secretion of related sleep genes and the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin;5-HT)were detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,respectively.Results Sleep time,resting time(during the day),and sleep rounds were significantly reduced(P＜0.01 or P=0.01)and the distance traveled was significantly increased in the light group compared with the control group(P＜0.01).The resting time(daytime)and sleep rounds were increased in the combined and caffeine groups(P＜0.01)compared with the control group.There was no significant difference in the activity distance between the combined and caffeine groups(P＞0.05).The percentages of swimming distance and swimming time in the central area were decreased in the light group compared with the control group(P＜0.05),and were both decreased in the caffeine group compared with the light group(P＜0.01).HT receptor 1Aa(HTR1aa)mRNA expression at 6:00.and 12:00 was up-regulated in the light group compared with the control group(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in HTR1ab mRNA levels between the light group and the combined group(P＞0.05).5-HT secretion was decreased in the light group at 6:00(P＜0.01)and at 12:00 compared with the control group.5-HT levels were reduced in both the light and combined groups(P＜0.01),and secretion levels in the light and combined groups were still lower than in the control group at 18:00.(P＜0.01).Conclusions Light alone is the best intervention for modeling long-lasting insomnia in zebrafish larvae.The responsible mechanisms may be related to the HTR1aa gene as well as biological factors such as 5-HT.

Objective? To compare the reliability and validity of Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) and Neelon and Champagne Confusion Scale (NEECHAM) when evaluating non-mechanical ventilation patients in Neurosurgery Department. Methods? A total of 100 non-mechanical ventilation patients in the Neurosurgery Department of a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital in Shanxi Province from August to December 2018 were selected. The non-operative patients were assessed on the third day after admission, and the operative patients were assessed on the third day after operation. Qualified nurses assessed the patients at 00:00—1:00, 8:00—9:00 and 16:00—17:00 with ICDSC and NEECHAM. Psychiatrists assess the patients at 16:30—17:30 on the same day by Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV). Using the results of DSM-IV as the gold standard, the curve of ROC was drawn, and the sensitivity and specificity of the two scales were compared. Results? Area under ROC Curve (ROCAUC) of ICDSC was 0.891 (95%CI: 0.826-0.956,P＜0.01). The ROCAUC of NEECHAM was 0.987 (95% CI: 0.970-0.999, P＜ 0.01). When the optimal threshold of ICDSC was 4.25, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.8% and 76.2% respectively. When the optimal threshold of NEECHAM was 23.5, the sensitivity and specificity were 98.0% and 92.9% respectively. Conclusions? The misdiagnosis rate of NEECHAM is lower than ICDSC, and the diagnostic efficacy, authenticity, reliability and diagnostic value of NEECHAM are higher than ICDSC. NEECHAM is more suitable for nurses to evaluate delirium in neurosurgery patients without mechanical ventilation.

Patient transport is an important part of medical work, and maintaining the stability of vital signs of transport patients is an significant prerequisite for safe transportation. Appropriate oxygen therapy can effectively ensure the stability of vital signs and reduce the incidence of clinical complications in patients' transport. Excellent oxygen therapy device is an important guarantee to ensure adequate oxygen inhalation for transporting patients. There are a variety of devices for providing oxygen therapy in patients' transportation, and each has its advantages and disadvantages. This article aims to summarize the commonly used oxygen therapy devices in clinical transport of patients.

Objective To introduce the application of grafting mechanism on a classⅢ grade A hospital's nursing counterpart support to county-level hospitals in Shanxi Province, and to summarize its effects and existing problems, so as to promote nursing counterpart support work and provide reference for the increase of the efficiency of counterpart support. Methods From 2014 to 2016, grafting mechanism was carried out in 23 county-level hospitals nursing counterpart supported by a classⅢ grade A hospital of Shanxi Province through 4 segments: field investigation, content selection, cultural integration and guided implementation. The evaluation of various mechanisms before and after grafting and the nurse satisfaction, patient satisfaction, high quality nursing service, as well as key discipline construction were statistically analyzed in 23 count-level hospitals. Results 100% of the 23 county-level hospitals applied grafting mechanism. A total of 20 nursing mechanism were grafted, focusing on 7 personnel systems, 3 performance management systems and 10 nursing quality management systems. The evaluation level of various mechanisms was significantly improved in the county-level hospitals after mechanism grafting. Nurse satisfaction increased from (87.6±15.2) to (89.7±16.8);patient satisfaction increased from (92.3±17.5) to (94.1±18.1); and high quality nursing service score increased from (73.5±12.9) to (75.8±14.0), and the differences were statistically significant (t=5.725, 4.042, 6.493;P< 0.01). A total of 5 of the county-level hospitals were approved provincial key discipline construction projects. Conclusions The mechanism of grafting plays a significant role in nursing counterpart support activities. Its theories and practice are worth of promoting.

Objective To explore the professional title promotion′s evaluation system of the Operating Room nurses in Ⅲ general hospital. Methods 17 Operating Room nurses were selected and deeply interviewed, Date were analyzed by qualitative methods. Results Three topics were extracted:(1) It is necessary to establish the professional title promotion′s evaluation system consistent with the operating room;(2) The content should be evaluated of the operating room nurses′ professional title promotion; ( 3 ) Through a knowledge level, skills, management skills and research abilities to reflect differences in intermediate and senior. Conclusions The results of this study covers“morality, ability, work, performance” four dimensions, comprehensive evaluation of the operating room nurses′clinical practice, can provide a reference for the experts refer to next.

Objective To explore nursing requirement and its influencing factors for patients staying at home.Methods We utilized self-designed questionnaire to investigate general information and nursing requirement among 500 patients,who had different nursing care needs at home in Taiyuan city,and describe patients' need by constituent ratio,mean standard deviation and percentage.The patient's personal data used descriptive analysis,two sample t test,single factor variance analysis,while the influence factors of patient care needs at home applied multiple linear regression analysis.Results The total score nursing requirement of patient at home were (2.25 ± 1.63),and the requirement intensity in proper sequence as:health guidance (2.82 ± 1.34),psychological nursing (2.57 ± 1.68),primary nursing (2.39 ± 1.16),life care (.1.70 ± 1.31),specific nursing (1.65 ± 1.07).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender was the influence factors of primary nursing needs,the influencing factors of per capita income impacted the needs of health guidance,and age was the influencing factor of psychological nursing demand.Conclusions Home care is the development direction of future nursing,which should be guided by the requirement.We should base on multi-dimension to develop suitable home care according to national situation and meet the diversified demand.

Objective To study the willingness to home care needs of patients, in order to provide a basis for the further development of home care. Methods The self-designed questionnaire was used in the study. By using the convenience sampling method,500 patients with home care in 10 communities in Taiyuan city were surveyed. Results A total of 390 cases (78. 0%) had the demand of home care. The top 3 demands were that 208 cases ( 53. 3%) needed the disease prevention knowledge instruction, 205 cases ( 52. 6%) needed the measurement of blood pressure, and 202 cases (51. 8%) needed to set up the health records and the regular physical examination. 226 patients ( 57. 9%) required the home care services provided by hospital nurses. There was significant difference in the choices of home care providers in patients with different disease (χ2 =6. 786,P<0. 05). 221 cases (56. 7%) hoped that the cost of home care could be charged according to the service items. 234 cases (60. 0%)hoped that the home care costs could be covered by the health insurance. Conclusions Home care service is the development direction of future nursing. It should be responded to an appeal by the policy and become demand-oriented. We should set up home care service system, to meet people′s diversified needs.

Objective To summarize the working effect of nursing counterpart support in one first class, grade three hospital from 2011 to 2013, and provide a reference and evidence for the further strategy made. Methods With the help of National Health Planning Commission and Ministry of Finance which provide an arena for developing audit and acceptance of 2010 national key clinical specialized subject construction, 23 primary hospitals were selected to investigate nursing counterpart support from 2011 to 2013 by questionnaire including three aspects: quality of care, talent team building and specialized development and 13 clauses. Results Nursing counterpart support acquired a breakthrough at aspects of quality of care, talent team building and specialized development including specialized nurses 88, technical backbone 36 people, learning to serve 51 people. The satisfaction of patients in support primary hospital was ( 98. 17 ± 1. 23 ) score, night-shift allowance (26. 84 ± 17. 33), implementation of post management hospital 52. 2%, the rate of ward acquired quality accounting for 81. 4%, rate of beds/nurses (2. 51 ± 0. 72), and averagely nurse′s satisfaction (95. 27 ± 3. 47). Conclusions Counterpart support had a positive effect on promoting the development of primary hospitals.

Objective To explore the demand and influencing factors analysis of home care for discharged patients. Methods The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigated 450 patients discharged from three level three class A hospitals in Taiyuan; we utilized (x± s), (%) to statistically describe, and applied t test, variance analysis and multiple linear regression for statistically analysis. Results The average demand score of nursing care was (2. 47 ± 0. 96) in discharged patients, while the score of demand degree of health guidance, rehabilitation nursing, psychological nursing, clinical nursing and life care were ( 2. 85 ± 1. 25), (2. 75 ± 1. 64), (2. 58 ± 1. 68), (2. 46 ± 1. 17) and (1. 85 ± 1. 03) respectively; multi liner regression analysis represented that the type of patients and income were the positive influencing factors for the demand of home care;the score of ADL and marriage status were the negative influencing factors for home care demand. Conclusions Home care is one direction of nursing development in future, so it should guide by demand, be from multiple perspectives, make corresponding countermeasures, and develop the home care suited Chinese circumstances to satisfy diversified demand.