Objective:To retrieve and evaluate the best evidence on the nutrition management of patients with cancer-related sarcopenia at domestic and abroad, and summarize it, so as to provide a basis for medical staff to carry out relevant practices.Methods:Systematically search Chinese and English databases, guidelines, and academic websites such as China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang Database, PubMed, Web of Science, with evidence retrieval up to April 30, 2024. The evidence was summarized by 2 researchers.Results:A total of 13 articles were included: 3 guides, 5 expert consensus, 3 systematic evaluations, 2 evidence summaries. 21 pieces of evidence were summarized in 7 categories: establish diagnosis of sarcopenia, multidisciplinary team, nutrition support methods, nutrient selection, dynamic monitoring, related symptom management and outpatient nutrition management.Conclusions:The best evidence for nutritional management of patients with cancer related sarcopenia is rigorous and scientific. Medical staff can carefully select the best evidence based on specific clinical scenarios to formulate relevant management strategies, improve the nutritional status of patients.

Objective To develop an expert consensus on the subcutaneous injection of targeted drugs for breast cancer,to guide clinical nursing practice.Methods A consensus building group was established to create the initial draft of the consensus based on a review of literature.From December 2023 to February 2024,a total of 84 experts from various fields including breast cancer clinical nursing or medical practice,pharmacology,cancer hospital nursing or medical management were invited to participate in 2 rounds of expert letter consultations.Additionally,an on-site expert discussion meeting and an online expert finalization meeting were conducted to finalize the draft"consensus".Results The finalized consensus includes sections covering basic drug introduction,drug injection nursing(injection personnel,injection preparation,injection points,observation and recording after injection),nursing care for adverse reactions,patient education and follow-up.Conclusion This consensus is scientific and practical.It can serve as a valuable reference for clinical practice related to subcutaneous therapy using targeted drugs for breast cancer.

Objective:To retrieve and evaluate the best evidence on the nutrition management of patients with cancer-related sarcopenia at domestic and abroad, and summarize it, so as to provide a basis for medical staff to carry out relevant practices.Methods:Systematically search Chinese and English databases, guidelines, and academic websites such as China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang Database, PubMed, Web of Science, with evidence retrieval up to April 30, 2024. The evidence was summarized by 2 researchers.Results:A total of 13 articles were included: 3 guides, 5 expert consensus, 3 systematic evaluations, 2 evidence summaries. 21 pieces of evidence were summarized in 7 categories: establish diagnosis of sarcopenia, multidisciplinary team, nutrition support methods, nutrient selection, dynamic monitoring, related symptom management and outpatient nutrition management.Conclusions:The best evidence for nutritional management of patients with cancer related sarcopenia is rigorous and scientific. Medical staff can carefully select the best evidence based on specific clinical scenarios to formulate relevant management strategies, improve the nutritional status of patients.

Objective:To construct a self-management scheme for osteoporosis related to endocrine therapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer, so as to provide a reference for clinical nursing intervention.Methods:In the chronic disease self-management domain theory as the instruction, using literature research, the semi-structured interview to build the first draft of the plan, through the expert meeting law to plan to revise the first draft, and form a self-management scheme for osteoporosis related to endocrine therapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer.Results:A total of 10 experts were included, aged 37-47 (42.70 ± 3.43) years. The recovery rate of the expert questionnaire was 10/10, the expert authority coefficient was 0.93, and the coefficient of variation of each item ranged from 0.06 to 0.19. The final formed self-management scheme for osteoporosis related to endocrine therapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer includes three intervention modules: self-prevention, self-monitoring, and self-coping. It encompasses six intervention themes: enhancing knowledge reserves, non-pharmacological prevention, pharmacological prevention, risk assessment and self-reporting of symptoms, non-pharmacological intervention, and pharmacological intervention.Conclusions:The construction of the self-management scheme for osteoporosis related to endocrine therapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer is of great significance. The content of the scheme is scientific, reliable and targeted, which can provide guidance for the self-management of osteoporosis in patients with early breast cancer during endocrine therapy.

Objective:To identify the core symptoms of prostate cancer patients with endocrine therapy by constructed the symptom network, and provide a basis for precise intervention of symptoms management.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, we conveniently sampled patients receiving endocrine therapy for prostate cancer at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between March and August 2018. The Expanded Prostate cancer Index Composite 26-item version (EPIC-26) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to assess symptoms.Symptom networks were constructed, and network indexes and the accuracy and stability of core symptoms were computed based on various packages of R4.3.1. Subgroup network comparison tests were conducted by Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, stratifying patients into PSA>0.2 ng/ml and PSA≤0.2 ng/ml groups.Results:A total of 270 questionnaires were distributed, and 261 valid questionnaires were returned, yielding a valid response rate of 96.7%. The included patients were aged 43 - 87(67.81 ± 8.14) years. Symptom network analysis revealed that the core symptom in patients undergoing endocrine therapy for prostate cancer was endocrine disorder ( rs = 1.86, rc = 0.048). However, in the population with PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/ml, depression ( rs = 1.80, rc = 0.028) occupied a more central position. There was no statistically significant difference in the network structure among patients with different PSA levels ( M = 0.294, P = 0.100). But the difference in network strength was statistically significant ( S = 1.15, P<0.05). The strongest associations were observed between depression and anxiety, as well as between endocrine disorder anddepression.The network demonstrated good stability and accuracy,indicating a reliable network model. Conclusions:Endocrine disorder is the core symptom in patients undergoing endocrine therapy for prostate cancer, serving as a critical target for intervention. Special attention should be given to the interconnected effects between endocrine disorder and depression. For the population with PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/ml, negative emotions such as depression still require ongoing focus. In the future, comprehensive interventions centered on psychological support and endocrine symptom management should be implemented for prostate cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy.

Objective To develop an expert consensus on the subcutaneous injection of targeted drugs for breast cancer,to guide clinical nursing practice.Methods A consensus building group was established to create the initial draft of the consensus based on a review of literature.From December 2023 to February 2024,a total of 84 experts from various fields including breast cancer clinical nursing or medical practice,pharmacology,cancer hospital nursing or medical management were invited to participate in 2 rounds of expert letter consultations.Additionally,an on-site expert discussion meeting and an online expert finalization meeting were conducted to finalize the draft"consensus".Results The finalized consensus includes sections covering basic drug introduction,drug injection nursing(injection personnel,injection preparation,injection points,observation and recording after injection),nursing care for adverse reactions,patient education and follow-up.Conclusion This consensus is scientific and practical.It can serve as a valuable reference for clinical practice related to subcutaneous therapy using targeted drugs for breast cancer.

Objective:To construct a self-management scheme for osteoporosis related to endocrine therapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer, so as to provide a reference for clinical nursing intervention.Methods:In the chronic disease self-management domain theory as the instruction, using literature research, the semi-structured interview to build the first draft of the plan, through the expert meeting law to plan to revise the first draft, and form a self-management scheme for osteoporosis related to endocrine therapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer.Results:A total of 10 experts were included, aged 37-47 (42.70 ± 3.43) years. The recovery rate of the expert questionnaire was 10/10, the expert authority coefficient was 0.93, and the coefficient of variation of each item ranged from 0.06 to 0.19. The final formed self-management scheme for osteoporosis related to endocrine therapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer includes three intervention modules: self-prevention, self-monitoring, and self-coping. It encompasses six intervention themes: enhancing knowledge reserves, non-pharmacological prevention, pharmacological prevention, risk assessment and self-reporting of symptoms, non-pharmacological intervention, and pharmacological intervention.Conclusions:The construction of the self-management scheme for osteoporosis related to endocrine therapy in patients with early-stage breast cancer is of great significance. The content of the scheme is scientific, reliable and targeted, which can provide guidance for the self-management of osteoporosis in patients with early breast cancer during endocrine therapy.

Objective:To identify the core symptoms of prostate cancer patients with endocrine therapy by constructed the symptom network, and provide a basis for precise intervention of symptoms management.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, we conveniently sampled patients receiving endocrine therapy for prostate cancer at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between March and August 2018. The Expanded Prostate cancer Index Composite 26-item version (EPIC-26) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to assess symptoms.Symptom networks were constructed, and network indexes and the accuracy and stability of core symptoms were computed based on various packages of R4.3.1. Subgroup network comparison tests were conducted by Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, stratifying patients into PSA>0.2 ng/ml and PSA≤0.2 ng/ml groups.Results:A total of 270 questionnaires were distributed, and 261 valid questionnaires were returned, yielding a valid response rate of 96.7%. The included patients were aged 43 - 87(67.81 ± 8.14) years. Symptom network analysis revealed that the core symptom in patients undergoing endocrine therapy for prostate cancer was endocrine disorder ( rs = 1.86, rc = 0.048). However, in the population with PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/ml, depression ( rs = 1.80, rc = 0.028) occupied a more central position. There was no statistically significant difference in the network structure among patients with different PSA levels ( M = 0.294, P = 0.100). But the difference in network strength was statistically significant ( S = 1.15, P<0.05). The strongest associations were observed between depression and anxiety, as well as between endocrine disorder anddepression.The network demonstrated good stability and accuracy,indicating a reliable network model. Conclusions:Endocrine disorder is the core symptom in patients undergoing endocrine therapy for prostate cancer, serving as a critical target for intervention. Special attention should be given to the interconnected effects between endocrine disorder and depression. For the population with PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/ml, negative emotions such as depression still require ongoing focus. In the future, comprehensive interventions centered on psychological support and endocrine symptom management should be implemented for prostate cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy.

Objective:To construct a communication strategy and implementation method for advanced cancer patients based on two communication models widely used at home and abroad, so as to reduce the difficulty of clinical disease notification.Methods:From January to October 2022, based on the communication model of SPIKES (Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy, Summary) and NURSE(Name, Understand, Respect, Support, Explore), combined with literature analysis, qualitative interviews, and expert argumentation, the communication strategy items of advanced cancer patients were constructed.Results:A total of 18 articles were included in the literature analysis. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 interviewees (including 4 doctors, 11 nurses, and 5 patients),6 males, 14 females, aged (35.94 ± 8.03) years old. A total of 8 experts participated in the demonstration, 2 males and 6 females, aged (41.88 ± 6.58) years old. Finally, the specific items and words of the disease notification process and communication strategies of advanced cancer patients in line with China ′s clinical practice were constructed. A total of 3 first-level items, 16 second-level items, 53 third-level items, and speech techniques were constructed, including pre-communication preparation, regular communication strategies, and poor communication disposal strategies. The importance score of the item was 4.50 to 5.00, and the coefficient of variation of the item was 0 to 0.12. Conclusions:The communication strategy of advanced cancer patients based on the communication model is scientific and feasible, and can be used as a tool to inform advanced cancer patients.

Objective:To gain a deeper understanding of the experience of medical staff in the oncology department in understanding and managing chemotherapy-induced taste alterations (CITAs).Methods:Using phenomenological research methods, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 medical staff in the oncology department of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the interview materials were transcribed, encoded, categorized, and described by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:Totally 15 respondents aged 26-43, 3 males and 12 females. Three themes were extracted, including the perception of benefits of CITAs symptom management ("hard outcome" benefit perception - improving symptom management level; "soft outcome" benefit perception-enhancing effective communication among multiple parties); the obstacles between the lack of awareness of knowledge about CITAs and symptom management (differences in medical staff′s understanding of CITAs; low accessibility of acquisition channels about CITAs knowledge); the management and intervention measures of CITAs lack specialization and high efliciency (CITAs′ management measures mostly stem from work experience; CITAs′ management may be based on information construction in the future).Conclusions:Hospital managers should fully utilize the opportunity of symptom management in CITAs, develop professional and efficient intervention and management strategies, strengthen the learning of relevant knowledge of the symptom among medical staff in oncology department, reduce symptom distress and patient self-perception burden, and improve the level of symptom management among medical staff in the oncology department.