Objective:To investigate the diversity, temporal dynamics and influencing factors of serotypes of Salmonella among asymptomatic workers in Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from 2013 to 2023, and provide reference for controlling the hidden transmission of Salmonella and for disease prevention among healthy populations. Methods:Anal rectal swabs were collected from asymptomatic workers in Yulin from 2013 to 2023 for the isolation and identification of Salmonella. The diversity of serotypes of Salmonella was evaluated by using Shannon index, while the isolation rates and composition ratio of different serotypes were compared with χ2 test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of natural and social factors with serotype isolation rates for more than eight years, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the impact of social factors on the serotype isolation rates for more than 8 years. Results:A total of 8 073 strains of Salmonella were isolated from 2013 to 2023, with an overall isolation rate of 18.88‰ During the 11-year period, 135 serotypes of Salmonella were identified, and the serotype diversity increased first and then decreased. The serotype with the highest isolation rate was Salmonella Typhimurium (3.04‰), followed by Salmonella Rissen (1.70‰), Salmonella Corvallis (1.41‰), Salmonella Agona (1.36‰), Salmonella Derby (1.22‰), and Salmonella London (1.02‰), accounting for 51.67% of the total Salmonella serotypes isolated. There was no significant trend in isolation rate of Salmonella over the years ( χ2=0.67, P=0.415); however, season significantly influenced the isolation rate, with lower rate being observed in winter and higher rate in summer ( χ2=615.91, P<0.001). The isolation rate of different serotypes of Salmonella was influenced by social and natural factors, showing a positive correlation with temperature, precipitation, and poultry consumption and production levels. Conclusions:The serotypes of Salmonella carried by asymptomatic workers were complex and diverse in Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from 2013 to 2023, and the isolation rates of multi-serotypes increased from 2013 to 2023. Higher isolation rate was observed in summer and the isolation rate was widely influenced by natural factors such as temperature and precipitation, as well as social factors such as economic conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to the Salmonella serotype carriage in healthy population, and strengthen monitoring of both healthy individuals and pathogenic bacteria.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of benserazide on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,pirfenidone group(50 mg·kg-1),and low-dose and high-dose benserazide groups(300 and 600 mg·kg-1),with 6 mice in each group.Except for normal control group,the other groups were given bleomycin(3.5 mg·kg-1)by non-invasive tracheal instillation to establish a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis.Seven days after modeling,pirfenidone group and low-dose and high-dose benserazide groups were intragastrically administered the corresponding doses of drugs for 14 consecutive days.After the drug administration,the mice in each group were sacrificed.The pathological morphology of the lung tissue in each group was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Masson staining.The content of hydroxyproline(HYP)in the lung tissue of mice,the content of lactic acid in the lung tissue and serum,and the activity of hexokinase(HK)in the lung tissue were detected by using kits.The expression levels of Collagen I and Fibronectin in the lung tissue of mice in each group were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression levels of α-SMA,TGF-β1,Smad2,p-Smad2,TNF-α and IL-6 proteins in the lung tissue of mice in each group were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with normal control group,the lung tissue structure of model control group mice was damaged,with thickened alveolar septa and fibrotic changes such as collagen accumulation.The content of HYP and lactic acid and the activity of HK in the lung tissue increased significantly,and the expression levels of Collagen I,Fibronectin,α-SMA,TGF-β1,Smad2,p-Smad2,TNF-α,and IL-6 proteins were significantly increased.Compared with model control group,treatment with benserazide significantly alleviated the pathological damage of lung tissue in mice,significantly reduced the content of HYP,lactic acid and HK activity in lung tissue,and significantly decreased the expression levels of Collagen I,Fibronectin,α-SMA,TGF-β1,Smad2,p-Smad2,TNF-α and IL-6 proteins.Conclusion Benserazide ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by modulating the HK2-mediated glycolysis pathway.

Objective:To investigate the diversity, temporal dynamics and influencing factors of serotypes of Salmonella among asymptomatic workers in Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from 2013 to 2023, and provide reference for controlling the hidden transmission of Salmonella and for disease prevention among healthy populations. Methods:Anal rectal swabs were collected from asymptomatic workers in Yulin from 2013 to 2023 for the isolation and identification of Salmonella. The diversity of serotypes of Salmonella was evaluated by using Shannon index, while the isolation rates and composition ratio of different serotypes were compared with χ2 test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of natural and social factors with serotype isolation rates for more than eight years, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the impact of social factors on the serotype isolation rates for more than 8 years. Results:A total of 8 073 strains of Salmonella were isolated from 2013 to 2023, with an overall isolation rate of 18.88‰ During the 11-year period, 135 serotypes of Salmonella were identified, and the serotype diversity increased first and then decreased. The serotype with the highest isolation rate was Salmonella Typhimurium (3.04‰), followed by Salmonella Rissen (1.70‰), Salmonella Corvallis (1.41‰), Salmonella Agona (1.36‰), Salmonella Derby (1.22‰), and Salmonella London (1.02‰), accounting for 51.67% of the total Salmonella serotypes isolated. There was no significant trend in isolation rate of Salmonella over the years ( χ2=0.67, P=0.415); however, season significantly influenced the isolation rate, with lower rate being observed in winter and higher rate in summer ( χ2=615.91, P<0.001). The isolation rate of different serotypes of Salmonella was influenced by social and natural factors, showing a positive correlation with temperature, precipitation, and poultry consumption and production levels. Conclusions:The serotypes of Salmonella carried by asymptomatic workers were complex and diverse in Yulin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from 2013 to 2023, and the isolation rates of multi-serotypes increased from 2013 to 2023. Higher isolation rate was observed in summer and the isolation rate was widely influenced by natural factors such as temperature and precipitation, as well as social factors such as economic conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to the Salmonella serotype carriage in healthy population, and strengthen monitoring of both healthy individuals and pathogenic bacteria.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of benserazide on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,pirfenidone group(50 mg·kg-1),and low-dose and high-dose benserazide groups(300 and 600 mg·kg-1),with 6 mice in each group.Except for normal control group,the other groups were given bleomycin(3.5 mg·kg-1)by non-invasive tracheal instillation to establish a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis.Seven days after modeling,pirfenidone group and low-dose and high-dose benserazide groups were intragastrically administered the corresponding doses of drugs for 14 consecutive days.After the drug administration,the mice in each group were sacrificed.The pathological morphology of the lung tissue in each group was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Masson staining.The content of hydroxyproline(HYP)in the lung tissue of mice,the content of lactic acid in the lung tissue and serum,and the activity of hexokinase(HK)in the lung tissue were detected by using kits.The expression levels of Collagen I and Fibronectin in the lung tissue of mice in each group were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression levels of α-SMA,TGF-β1,Smad2,p-Smad2,TNF-α and IL-6 proteins in the lung tissue of mice in each group were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with normal control group,the lung tissue structure of model control group mice was damaged,with thickened alveolar septa and fibrotic changes such as collagen accumulation.The content of HYP and lactic acid and the activity of HK in the lung tissue increased significantly,and the expression levels of Collagen I,Fibronectin,α-SMA,TGF-β1,Smad2,p-Smad2,TNF-α,and IL-6 proteins were significantly increased.Compared with model control group,treatment with benserazide significantly alleviated the pathological damage of lung tissue in mice,significantly reduced the content of HYP,lactic acid and HK activity in lung tissue,and significantly decreased the expression levels of Collagen I,Fibronectin,α-SMA,TGF-β1,Smad2,p-Smad2,TNF-α and IL-6 proteins.Conclusion Benserazide ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by modulating the HK2-mediated glycolysis pathway.

The close relationship between gastric cancer (GC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has garnered significant attention. On one hand, T2DM may play a role in the development and progression of GC, correlating with poor patient outcomes. On the other hand, after radical surgery for GC, T2DM can be effectively managed, potentially improving tumor prognosis. In recent years, bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) has revolutionized T2DM treatment for obese and overweight patients. Comparative analyses reveal similarities between surgical approaches for gastric cancer and BMS, leading to the emergence of the onco-metabolic surgery (OMS) concept, which suggests that radical tumor resection and T2DM remission in GC patients can be potentially achieved through a single procedure. However, there are notable differences between OMS and BMS, including target populations, surgical details, and perioperative management. Therefore, optimizing the application of the OMS concept in GC patients holds significant clinical importance. This article provides a review to facilitate the better implementation of this concept in practice.

The close relationship between gastric cancer (GC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has garnered significant attention. On one hand, T2DM may play a role in the development and progression of GC, correlating with poor patient outcomes. On the other hand, after radical surgery for GC, T2DM can be effectively managed, potentially improving tumor prognosis. In recent years, bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) has revolutionized T2DM treatment for obese and overweight patients. Comparative analyses reveal similarities between surgical approaches for gastric cancer and BMS, leading to the emergence of the onco-metabolic surgery (OMS) concept, which suggests that radical tumor resection and T2DM remission in GC patients can be potentially achieved through a single procedure. However, there are notable differences between OMS and BMS, including target populations, surgical details, and perioperative management. Therefore, optimizing the application of the OMS concept in GC patients holds significant clinical importance. This article provides a review to facilitate the better implementation of this concept in practice.

BACKGROUND: Patients with mass-forming pancreatitis (MFP) or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presented similar clinical symptoms, but required different treatment approaches and had different survival outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in differentiating MFP from PDAC. METHODS: A literature search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu (VIP), and WanFang databases to identify original studies published from inception to August 20, 2021. Studies reporting the diagnostic performances of CEUS and CECT for differentiating MFP from PDAC were included. The meta-analysis was performed with Stata 15.0 software. The outcomes included the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), negative likelihood ratio (-LR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves of CEUS and CECT. Meta-regression was conducted to investigate heterogeneity. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to indirectly compare the overall diagnostic performance. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies with 2115 pancreatic masses were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CEUS for MFP were 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73%-88%; I2  = 0.00%) and 95% (95% CI, 90%-97%; I2  = 63.44%), respectively; the overall +LR, -LR, and DOR values were 15.12 (95% CI, 7.61-30.01), 0.19 (95% CI, 0.13-0.29), and 78.91 (95% CI, 30.94-201.27), respectively; and the area under the SROC curve (AUC) was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-92). However, the overall sensitivity and specificity of CECT were 81% (95% CI, 75-85%; I2  = 66.37%) and 94% (95% CI, 90-96%; I2  = 74.87%); the overall +LR, -LR, and DOR values were 12.91 (95% CI, 7.86-21.20), 0.21 (95% CI, 0.16-0.27), and 62.53 (95% CI, 34.45-113.51), respectively; and, the SROC AUC was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90-0.94). The overall diagnostic accuracy of CEUS was comparable to that of CECT for the differential diagnosis of MFP and PDAC (relative DOR 1.26, 95% CI [0.42-3.83], P  > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CEUS and CECT have comparable diagnostic performance for differentiating MFP from PDAC, and should be considered as mutually complementary diagnostic tools for suspected focal pancreatic lesions.
Humans ; Contrast Media ; Bayes Theorem ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/diagnostic imaging* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Pancreatitis/diagnostic imaging* ; Ultrasonography/methods*

Objective:To explore the feasibility of radical prostatectomy without biopsy for patients with highly suspected localized prostate cancer diagnosed by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Methods:Patients were enrolled in this single-arm prospective study from March 2019 to January 2022 in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. Eligible patients were aged ≤80 years with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance-status score of 0 or 1. Based on mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, patients were diagnosed with highly suspected localized prostate cancer with no evidence of distant lymphatic, bone or visceral metastases. Patients were excluded if they had obvious important organs dysfunction, suspected metastatic lesions or history of other malignant tumor. After fully informed of the surgical risks and possibilities of final pathology, patients received laparoscopic or robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. According to final pathological results, the diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was evaluated. Pathological features were compared between low 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) group (SUV max<10) and high SUV max group (SUV max≥10). Baseline characteristics were compared between clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) and clinically insignificant prostate cancer (cisPCa) + high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) patients. Additional analysis of the correlation between baseline parameters and different subgroups including pathological stage, ISUP grades and risk groups were performed in CsPCa patients. Results:31 patients were enrolled. Median age was 68 (ranging 48-79)years old. Median BMI was 25.6(ranging 21.9-31.4)kg/m 2. Median prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 23.5 (ranging 5.6-94.7)ng/ml. Median prostate volume was 37.6(ranging 16.2-127.9)ml. Median PSA density (PSAD) was 0.56(ranging 0.11-2.86)ng/ml 2. Fifteen cases were scored prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) 4 and 16 cases were scored PI-RADS 5. Median 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT SUV max was 13.3 (ranging 4.6-36.7). All surgeries were successfully accomplished without open conversion. Median postoperative hospitalization time was 5 (ranging 4-7)d. No major complication occurred perioperatively. Recovery of urinary continence was within 6 months in all patients. According to the final pathological results, 1(3.2%) patient was confirmed with HGPIN. 30 (96.8%) patients were confirmed with adenocarcinoma, including 26 (86.7%) patients with CsPCa and 4(13.3%) patients with cisPCa. Among prostate cancer cases, the pathological stage of 11(36.7%) was T 2 and 19(63.3%) was T 3. Four(13.3%) cases were with ISUP grade 1, 7(23.3%) cases were with ISUP grade 2, 7(23.3%) cases were with ISUP grade 3 and 12 (40.0%) cases were with ISUP grade≥4.Two(6.7%) cases were in low risk group, 3(10.0%) cases were in intermediate risk group and 25 (83.3%) cases were in high risk group. Twelve(40.0%) patients had positive surgical margins. Standard pelvic lymph node dissection was carried out in 18 (17 prostate cancer and 1 HGPIN) cases. Sixty-two lymph nodes were dissected and none of them was positive. The diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was 96.8%(30/31) in prostate cancer. Compared to low SUV max group, patients in high SUV max group had higher ISUP grade ( P=0.003) but there was no significant difference in positive surgical margin, seminal vesical invasion or pathological stage ( P>0.05). Among CsPCa patients, 10 (38.5%) cases were scored PI-RADS 4 and 16(61.5%) cases were scored PI-RADS 5. Median 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT SUV max was 14.3 (range 6.1-36.7). Compared to cisPCa and HGPIN patients, a smaller median prostate volume (34.3 vs. 73.0 ml, P=0.006), higher median PSAD (0.70 vs. 0.13 ng/ml 2, P=0.001), higher rates of PI-RADS 5 patients (61.5% vs. 0, P=0.018) and higher 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT SUV max (14.3 vs. 6.1, P=0.001) were found in CsPCa patients. Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference between SUV max and pathological stage (25.5 vs. 13.9), ISUP grades (15.4 vs. 14.4 vs. 14.0) and risk groups (9.7 vs. 14.9) in CsPCa patients ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is high in prostate cancer. With efficient communication, radical prostatectomy without biopsy for patients with highly suspected localized prostate cancer diagnosed by mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is safe.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sports injury that has a significant impact on knee function and patients′ mobility. With the popularity of national fitness campaign in China, the incidence of ACL injury is increasing year by year. Currently, there still lacks clinical standards or guidelines on how to choose appropriate treatment methods, surgical plans and rehabilitation protocols for ACL injury. In order to timely reflect the new treatment concept of ACL injury, standardize its diagnosis and treatment and improve the curative effect, the Sports Medicine Society of Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized domestic orthopedic and sports medicine experts to formulate the "clinical evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury (2022 version)" based on the level of evidence-based medicine and in compliance with the principle of scientificity, practicability and advancement. The present guideline includes 12 recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of ACL injury in order to provide guidance and assistance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ACL injury in China.

Objective To determine whether LTB4 could indirectly stimulate human osteoclast differentiation in RA through increasing RANKL expression of RAFLs. Methods We utilize the coculture model of RAFLs and monocyte which were stimulated in the presence of 2.5 ng/ml M-CSF in the control group, 2.5 ng/ml M-CSF +10-8 mol/L LTB4 in the experimental group A, 2.5 ng/ml M-CSF+10-8 mol/L LTB4+100 ng/ml OPG in the experimental group B. After culture for 3 weeks, through TRAP staining we counted the number of multinucleated TRAP staining positive osteoclast-like cells stained with TRAP to evaluate the differentiation effect in each group. Results There was almost no osteoclast-like cell in the control group and the experimental group B. Whereas there were many osteoclast-like cells in the experimental group A. Conclusion LTB4 can indirectly stimulate human osteoclast differentiation in RA through increasing RANKL expression of RAFLs.