The formation of pathological scar has an impact on patients’ normal life and mental health, which is also a thorny problem in plastic surgery. In recent years, the influence mechanism of mechanical tension and signal transduction on wound healing has attracted extensive attention and provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of pathological scar. This paper reviews the research progress of the influence mechanism of mechanical stretch on wound healing in different stages. In the inflammatory stage, hyperplasia stage and tissue remodeling stage of wound healing, mechanical stretch tension causes biological reactions such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling through complex signal transduction and feedback mechanisms, which has an impact on wound healing and scar formation. Mechanical stretch therapy for wound healing and scar formation has also achieved certain result in clinical and basic study.

The contracted nose is a unique entity that follows rhinoplasty in the Asian patient, which is mainly related to infection, graft implant, multiple invasive nasal repair operations, patients’ own inflammatory reaction and basic conditions, and is a complication that seriously affects the nasal aesthetics and functional characteristics of patients. Comprehensive understanding of the causes, mechanisms and repair method of contracture nose is helpful for its prevention and treatment. In view of the causes and mechanisms of capsular contracture, this paper reviews the research progress in improving the aesthetic and functional characteristics of patients from the three levels of nasal mucosa, cartilage scaffold and skin, as well as the adjuvant treatment of skin contracture release.

The formation of pathological scar has an impact on patients’ normal life and mental health, which is also a thorny problem in plastic surgery. In recent years, the influence mechanism of mechanical tension and signal transduction on wound healing has attracted extensive attention and provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of pathological scar. This paper reviews the research progress of the influence mechanism of mechanical stretch on wound healing in different stages. In the inflammatory stage, hyperplasia stage and tissue remodeling stage of wound healing, mechanical stretch tension causes biological reactions such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling through complex signal transduction and feedback mechanisms, which has an impact on wound healing and scar formation. Mechanical stretch therapy for wound healing and scar formation has also achieved certain result in clinical and basic study.

The contracted nose is a unique entity that follows rhinoplasty in the Asian patient, which is mainly related to infection, graft implant, multiple invasive nasal repair operations, patients’ own inflammatory reaction and basic conditions, and is a complication that seriously affects the nasal aesthetics and functional characteristics of patients. Comprehensive understanding of the causes, mechanisms and repair method of contracture nose is helpful for its prevention and treatment. In view of the causes and mechanisms of capsular contracture, this paper reviews the research progress in improving the aesthetic and functional characteristics of patients from the three levels of nasal mucosa, cartilage scaffold and skin, as well as the adjuvant treatment of skin contracture release.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) in children with thalassemia major (TM) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study.A total of 482 children with TM who underwent allo-HSCT at Shenzhen Children′s Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022 were selected and classified into the PTLD and non-PTLD groups according to the occurrence of PTLD.The risk factors for PTLD after allo-HSCT in children with TM were analyzed, and the diagnostic efficiency of relevant risk factors for PTLD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:A total of 25 out of 482 patients (5.2%, 25/482) developed PTLD about 114 (54-271) days after allo-HSCT.Among them, 12 cases (12/25, 48.0%) occurred within 100 days, and 22 cases (22/25, 88.0%) occurred within 1 year after allo-HSCT.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in gender composition, type of transplant donor, number of natural killer cells and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood at 30 days after allo-HSCT, positive rate of plasma Epstein-Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid (EBV-DNA) and incidence rate of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) between the 2 groups (all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female ( OR=3.196, 95% CI: 1.144-8.929), positive plasma EBV-DNA ( OR=17.523, 95% CI: 5.449-56.344) and aGVHD ( OR=3.156, 95% CI: 1.161-8.575) were independent risk factors for PTLD after allo-HSCT in TM children (all P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that positive plasma EBV-DNA had an excellent accuracy in predicting the occurrence of PTLD after allo-HSCT (sensitivity was 0.796, specificity was 0.800, area under the curve was 0.803).If combined with aGVHD and gender, the area under the curve for the prediction of PTLD increased to 0.831. Conclusions:Female, positive plasma EBV-DNA and aGVHD are independent risk factors for PTLD after allo-HSCT in children with TM.It provides useful early warnings for the prediction and prevention of PTLD.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Binder syndrome, also known as maxillonasal dysplasia, is an uncommon developmental anomaly. The etiology and pathogenesis of Binder syndrome are still poorly understood, and there is a lack of normative consensus on its treatment strategies. This review retrospectively analyzed relevant studies on the etiology and treatment of Binder syndrome. The main points are summarized as follows: (1) Taken together, the etiology of Binder syndrome can be classified as genetic and non-genetic, whose crucial factor is the inactivation of vitamin K-dependent protein. (2) The management consists of orthodontic treatment, rhinoplasty, and orthognathic surgery. Orthodontic treatment can be performed at any time, while rhinoplasty and orthognathic surgery should be deferred until midfacial growth is almost complete. Therefore, the ideal timing of rhinoplasty is after 14 years old, and for orthognathic surgery, it is after 16-18 years old. Autologous costal cartilage is preferred for rhinoplasty and alloplastic materials are alternatives when donor availability is limited. Maxillary osteotomies should be reserved only for severe patients with Angle Class Ⅲ malocclusion.

The treatment of chronic wounds has been one of the most challenging problems in the medical field due to their complex pathogenesis and long course. In recent years, the research of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) therapy in the treatment of chronic wounds has been greatly developed. The application of stem cells has been innovated with the further investigation of cell behavior and signaling pathways, and the advancement of derivative extraction technology. In this article, the effects of ADSCs and their derivatives on chronic wounds are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of normal and chronic wound healing, and the related studies are reviewed.

Binder syndrome, also known as maxillonasal dysplasia, is an uncommon developmental anomaly. The etiology and pathogenesis of Binder syndrome are still poorly understood, and there is a lack of normative consensus on its treatment strategies. This review retrospectively analyzed relevant studies on the etiology and treatment of Binder syndrome. The main points are summarized as follows: (1) Taken together, the etiology of Binder syndrome can be classified as genetic and non-genetic, whose crucial factor is the inactivation of vitamin K-dependent protein. (2) The management consists of orthodontic treatment, rhinoplasty, and orthognathic surgery. Orthodontic treatment can be performed at any time, while rhinoplasty and orthognathic surgery should be deferred until midfacial growth is almost complete. Therefore, the ideal timing of rhinoplasty is after 14 years old, and for orthognathic surgery, it is after 16-18 years old. Autologous costal cartilage is preferred for rhinoplasty and alloplastic materials are alternatives when donor availability is limited. Maxillary osteotomies should be reserved only for severe patients with Angle Class Ⅲ malocclusion.

The treatment of chronic wounds has been one of the most challenging problems in the medical field due to their complex pathogenesis and long course. In recent years, the research of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) therapy in the treatment of chronic wounds has been greatly developed. The application of stem cells has been innovated with the further investigation of cell behavior and signaling pathways, and the advancement of derivative extraction technology. In this article, the effects of ADSCs and their derivatives on chronic wounds are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of normal and chronic wound healing, and the related studies are reviewed.