Objective:To explore the potential effects of sleep deprivation on lactic acid metabolism and cognitive function in mice.Methods:Twelve SPF-grade BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal control group and a sleep deprivation group using a random number table, with 6 mice in each group. The horizontal platform method was used to establish a mouse sleep deprivation model. The Morris water maze was employed to assess cognitive ability, including initial quadrant residence time, platform crossing times, escape latency, and total swimming distance. Serum lactic acid levels and inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also detected.Results:There was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups before and after sleep deprivation (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the sleep deprivation group showed prolonged residence time in the initial quadrant, significantly shorter residence time in the target quadrant, and fewer platform crossings (all P<0.05). Escape latency and total swimming distance in the sleep deprivation group were significantly longer than those in the control group (all P<0.01). Serum lactic acid levels and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the sleep deprivation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive ability in mice, accompanied by significant increases in lactic acid and inflammatory factors.

Supraclinoid internal carotid artery(ICA)fenestration is a rare vascular developmental variant,and this anomaly may be associated with aneurysm formation.Whether the fenestration is originated from the embryonic development of the ICA or the posterior communicating artery(PCoA)remains controversial.This article retrospectively analyzed the imaging data,diagnosis and treatment process of one patient with supraclinoid ICA fenestration combined with an aneurysm,and further literature review was conducted combining with the case study.The aim of this study was to analyze the etiology of supraclinoid ICA fenestration and its correlation with aneurysm formation,in order to improve clinicians' understanding of this rare anomaly and facilitate the formulation of appropriate treatment plans.

Supraclinoid internal carotid artery(ICA)fenestration is a rare vascular developmental variant,and this anomaly may be associated with aneurysm formation.Whether the fenestration is originated from the embryonic development of the ICA or the posterior communicating artery(PCoA)remains controversial.This article retrospectively analyzed the imaging data,diagnosis and treatment process of one patient with supraclinoid ICA fenestration combined with an aneurysm,and further literature review was conducted combining with the case study.The aim of this study was to analyze the etiology of supraclinoid ICA fenestration and its correlation with aneurysm formation,in order to improve clinicians' understanding of this rare anomaly and facilitate the formulation of appropriate treatment plans.

Objective:To investigate the interaction of workplace noise, body mass index (BMI) and systemic inflammatory response on hypertension.Methods:In January 2019, 1124 male workers from an automobile factory in Wuhan were selected by cluster random sampling method. The study population was divided into normal body weight group (BMI<24 kg/m 2) and overweight group (BMI≥24 kg/m 2) according to BMI, and were followed up for 3 years. The occupational health examination of the workers was carried out every year, blood routine and blood biochemical indexes were collected, and the information of the workers' age, BMI, type of work and age of exposure to injury were collected through field questionnaires. The noise intensity of the workplace of the enterprise was measured for 3 consecutive years, and the equivalent sound level was calculated according to the working time. Normal and skewness measurements were described by Mean±SD and [ M ( Q1, Q3) ], respectively. t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for inter-group comparisons. Categorical variables were expressed by frequency and percentage (%), and Chi-square test was used for inter-group comparisons. Mixed effects models and generalized estimation equations were fitted to analyze the relationship between occupational noise, systemic inflammation, and their interaction terms with blood pressure and hypertension risk. Results:Univariate analysis revealed that the white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts and eosinophil counts were positively associated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in overweight group ( n=467), respectively ( P<0.05). The participants with white blood cell counts≥5.94×10 9/L, neutrophil counts≥3.31×10 9/L, lymphocyte counts ≥2.03×10 9/L, and eosinophil counts ≥0.12×10 9/L had increased risk of hypertension by 52% ( RR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.11-2.05), 37% ( RR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.01-1.83), 58% ( RR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.18-2.09), and 52% ( RR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.12-2.06), respectively (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis found a positive association between BMI and the risk of hypertension in the overweight group ( P<0.05), the participants with lymphocyte counts≥2.03×10 9/L and eosinophil counts≥0.12×10 9/L had increased risk of hypertension by 39% ( RR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.01-1.89) and 46% ( RR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.06-1.98), respectively (all P<0.05). There was no correlation between BMI and the risk of hypertension in normal weight group ( P>0.05). The multiplicative interaction of occupational noise (≥80 dB) with white blood cell counts (≥5.94×10 9/L) and lymphocyte counts (≥2.03×10 9/L) increased the risk of hypertension by 100% ( RR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.06-3.55) and 89% ( RR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.01-3.32) (all P<0.05) in overweight group, respectively. Additionally, a significant additive interaction was observed between noise exposure (≥80 dB) and basophil counts (≥0.03×10 9/L) on hypertension risk in the overweight group (RERI=0.49, 95% CI: 0.02-0.96, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The combined exposure of occupational noise and systemic inflammation may increase the risk of hypertension in overweight workers in automobile manufacturing plants, and the two have additive and multiplicative interactions.

OBJECTIVE: To standardize the operative procedure for tissue-engineered cartilage repair, by demonstrating surgical technique of arthroscopic implantation of decalcified cortex-cancellous bone scaffolds, and summarizing the surgical experience of the sports medicine department team at Peking University Third Hospital. METHODS: This article elaborates on surgical techniques and skills, focusing on the unabridged implantation technology and surgical procedure of decalcified cortex-cancellous bone scaffolds under arthroscopy: First, the patient was placed in the supine position. After anesthesia had been established, the surgeon established an arthroscope and explored the damaged area under the scope. After confirming the size and location of the injury site, the surgeon cleaned the damaged cartilage, and also trimmed the edges of the cartilage to ensure that the cut surface was smooth and stable. the surgeon performed the micro-fracture surgery in the area of cartilage injury, and then measured the size of the injured area under the scope. Next, the surgeon manually trimmed the tissue-engineered scaffold based on the measurements taken under the arthroscope, and then directly implanted the scaffold using a sleeve. A honeycomb-shaped fixator was used to implant absorbable nails to fix the scaffold. After the scaffold was installed, the knee was repeatedly flexed and extended for 10-20 times to ensure stability and range of motion. Finally, the arthroscope was withdrawn and the wound was closed. RESULTS: Decalcified cortex-cancellous bone scaffolds possessed unparalleled advantages over synthetic materials in terms of morphology and biomechanics. The cancellous bone part of the scaffold provided a three-dimensional, porous space for cell growth, while the cortical bone part offered the necessary mechanical strength. The surgery was performed entirely under arthroscopy to minimize invasiveness to the patient. Absorbable pins were used for fixation to ensure the stability of the scaffold. This technique could effectively improve the prognosis of the patients with cartilage injuries and standardized the surgical procedures for arthroscopic tissue-engineered scaffold operations in the patients with cartilage damage. CONCLUSION With the standard arthroscopic tissue-engineered scaffold repair technique, it is possible to successfully repair damaged cartilage, alleviate symptoms in the short term, and provide a more ideal long-term prognosis. The author and their team explain the surgical procedures for tissue-engineered scaffolds under arthroscopy, with the aim of guiding future clinical practice.
Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Humans ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Cartilage, Articular/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the midterm clinical efficacy of medial patellofemoral complex (MPFC) reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation with high-grade trochlear dysplasia. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out among adult patients who underwent arthroscopically assisted MPFC reconstruction between January 2014 and December 2020. Dejour classification was evaluated to grade trochlear dysplasia; tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance and Insall-Salvati index were measured. Preoperative and postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were compared, including International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Kujala score, Lysholm score and Tegner score. Information regarding returning-to-sport rate, re-instability events and complications was collected. Patellar tilt (PT), lateral patellar displacement (LPD) and bisect offset (BSO) ratio were measured based on axial computed tomography before and after surgery to assess the patellofemoral congruence. RESULTS: A total of 46 MPFC reconstructions in 43 patients were enrolled, including 16 male and 27 female. Mean age at surgery was (22.2±7.6) years (range: 14-44 years). Mean follow-up was (49.9±22.6) months (range: 18-102 months). The percentages of Dejour B, C and D dysplasia were 37.0% (17/46), 43.5% (20/46), and 19.6% (9/46), respectively. Mean Insall-Salvati index was 1.2±0.2 (range: 0.85-1.44), and mean TT-TG distance was (19.6±3.5) mm (range: 10.6-28.7 mm). At latest follow-up, there were significant improvements in all PROMs (P < 0.001): IKDC score, from 56.3±15.1 to 86.2±8.1; Kujala score, from 58.9±15.6 to 92.6±5.4; Lysholm score, from 63.7±15.0 to 94.0±5.7; Tegner score, from 3.1±1.4 to 4.7±1.4, and there were no significant differences in the improvements of the scores between the patients with Dejour B, C and D dysplasia. Overall, ninety percent of the patients returned to their preoperative sports level. One patient reported a postoperative subluxation, while no cases of infection, limited range of motion or patella fracture were observed. PT, LPD and BSO ratio were all significant altered (P < 0.001) after MPFC reconstruction. CONCLUSION Arthroscopically assisted MPFC reconstruction yielded satisfactory midterm clinical results for recurrent patellar dislocation with high-grade trochlear dysplasia. No significant differences of improvements in knee function were observed among the three types of high-grade trochlear dysplasia.
Humans ; Patellar Dislocation/surgery* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Patellofemoral Joint/surgery* ; Recurrence ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Patella/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To investigate the interaction of workplace noise, body mass index (BMI) and systemic inflammatory response on hypertension.Methods:In January 2019, 1124 male workers from an automobile factory in Wuhan were selected by cluster random sampling method. The study population was divided into normal body weight group (BMI<24 kg/m 2) and overweight group (BMI≥24 kg/m 2) according to BMI, and were followed up for 3 years. The occupational health examination of the workers was carried out every year, blood routine and blood biochemical indexes were collected, and the information of the workers' age, BMI, type of work and age of exposure to injury were collected through field questionnaires. The noise intensity of the workplace of the enterprise was measured for 3 consecutive years, and the equivalent sound level was calculated according to the working time. Normal and skewness measurements were described by Mean±SD and [ M ( Q1, Q3) ], respectively. t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for inter-group comparisons. Categorical variables were expressed by frequency and percentage (%), and Chi-square test was used for inter-group comparisons. Mixed effects models and generalized estimation equations were fitted to analyze the relationship between occupational noise, systemic inflammation, and their interaction terms with blood pressure and hypertension risk. Results:Univariate analysis revealed that the white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, lymphocyte counts and eosinophil counts were positively associated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in overweight group ( n=467), respectively ( P<0.05). The participants with white blood cell counts≥5.94×10 9/L, neutrophil counts≥3.31×10 9/L, lymphocyte counts ≥2.03×10 9/L, and eosinophil counts ≥0.12×10 9/L had increased risk of hypertension by 52% ( RR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.11-2.05), 37% ( RR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.01-1.83), 58% ( RR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.18-2.09), and 52% ( RR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.12-2.06), respectively (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis found a positive association between BMI and the risk of hypertension in the overweight group ( P<0.05), the participants with lymphocyte counts≥2.03×10 9/L and eosinophil counts≥0.12×10 9/L had increased risk of hypertension by 39% ( RR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.01-1.89) and 46% ( RR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.06-1.98), respectively (all P<0.05). There was no correlation between BMI and the risk of hypertension in normal weight group ( P>0.05). The multiplicative interaction of occupational noise (≥80 dB) with white blood cell counts (≥5.94×10 9/L) and lymphocyte counts (≥2.03×10 9/L) increased the risk of hypertension by 100% ( RR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.06-3.55) and 89% ( RR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.01-3.32) (all P<0.05) in overweight group, respectively. Additionally, a significant additive interaction was observed between noise exposure (≥80 dB) and basophil counts (≥0.03×10 9/L) on hypertension risk in the overweight group (RERI=0.49, 95% CI: 0.02-0.96, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The combined exposure of occupational noise and systemic inflammation may increase the risk of hypertension in overweight workers in automobile manufacturing plants, and the two have additive and multiplicative interactions.

Objective:To explore the potential effects of sleep deprivation on lactic acid metabolism and cognitive function in mice.Methods:Twelve SPF-grade BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a normal control group and a sleep deprivation group using a random number table, with 6 mice in each group. The horizontal platform method was used to establish a mouse sleep deprivation model. The Morris water maze was employed to assess cognitive ability, including initial quadrant residence time, platform crossing times, escape latency, and total swimming distance. Serum lactic acid levels and inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also detected.Results:There was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups before and after sleep deprivation (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the sleep deprivation group showed prolonged residence time in the initial quadrant, significantly shorter residence time in the target quadrant, and fewer platform crossings (all P<0.05). Escape latency and total swimming distance in the sleep deprivation group were significantly longer than those in the control group (all P<0.01). Serum lactic acid levels and inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the sleep deprivation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive ability in mice, accompanied by significant increases in lactic acid and inflammatory factors.

Objective:To investigate the early effect of repairing acetabular cartilage delamination with absorbable anchor under hip arthroscopy compared with conventional non-intervention.Methods:Retrospective cohort study was adopted. There were 24 Femoroacetabular Impingment (FAI) patients with acetabular cartilage delamination (ACD) receiving hip arthroscopy surgery in Peking University Third Hospital from May 2021 to August 2021. There were 14 males and 10 females with an average age of 36.3±7.2 years (range 23-53 years). There were 12 patients receiving acetabular cartilage repair with absorbable anchor (absorbable anchor group), and 12 patients in non-intervention group. The X-ray film indicators, α angle, lateral center edge angle (LCEA) and MRI measurement (acetabular cartilage gap, CG) were compared between the two groups. The pre- and post-operative hip functions were assessed by modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), 12-item international hip outcome tool (iHOT12), hip outcome score-activities of daily living subscale (HOS-ADL), and hip outcome score-sports subscale (HOS-SS), along with visual analogue scale (VAS). The complications (infection, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis) were followed up, as well as the revisional hip arthroscopy surgery and total hip replacement surgery.Results:A total of 24 patients were followed up for 12.0±1.2 months (range 10-14 months). There was no significant difference between the two groups for age, BMI, and symptom onset time ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups for the pre-operative α angle, LCEA, CG, mHHS, iHOT12, HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and VAS scores ( P>0.05). At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference between the two groups for the α angle, LCEA, CG, mHHS, iHOT12, HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, VAS and satisfaction ( P>0.05). In the absorbable anchor group, the α angle was 47.2°±2.6° vs. 63.4°±3.3°, CG was 3.0±0.7 mm vs. 3.3±0.6 mm; mHHS was 73.6±16.0 vs. 57.7±15.4; iHOT12 was 67.6±22.5 vs. 50.6±15.0 after and before the surgery, with significant improvement ( P<0.05). As for the non-intervention group, there was significant decrease of post-operative α angle of 47.4°±2.6° compared to the pre-operative angle of 58.4°±8.1° ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in LCEA, CG, mHHS, iHOT12, HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and VAS scores before and after the surgery in non-intervention group comparison ( P>0.05). No complications, revision hip arthroscopy surgery or total hip replacement surgery occurred during the follow up. Conclusion:Good effect was yielded for absorbable anchor repairing acetabular cartilage delamination under hip arthroscopy, without additional risk of complications or revision surgery.

Objective: To investigate the effects of the interaction between occupational noise exposure and arterial stiffness on blood glucose, so as to provide insights into for early prevention of diabetes among workers exposed to occupational noise. Methods: A total of 518 noise workers were selected from a tobacco plant in Wuhan City. Participants' gender, age and work duration were collected using questionnaire surveys, and participants' height and weight were measured. Blood glucose and arterial stiffness were detected, and the noise intensity was measured in working environments with a personal noise dosimeter. The effects of occupational noise exposure, arterial stiffness and their interactions on blood glucose were examined using a multiple linear regression model. Results: A total of 518 workers were included, with 398 males (76.83%), a mean age of (40.85±10.68) years, a mean working age of (19.50±12.69) years, a mean body mass index of (23.66±3.31) kg/m2, and a mean blood glucose level of (5.15±0.99) mmol/L. There were 247 workers with occupational noise exposure (47.68%) and 175 workers with arterial stiffness (33.78%). Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant associations of noise (β'=0.112) and arterial stiffness (β'=0.168) with blood glucose, and there was an additive interaction between noise and arterial stiffness on blood glucose (β'=0.314). Conclusion The interaction between occupational noise and arterial stiffness affects blood glucose.