Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical significance of individualized formular administration of tacrolimus after renal transplantation based on the CYP3A5 and MDR1 gene polymorphism.Methods Total 129 renal transplantation recipients from Oct.1,2015 to July 30,2016 were included in this study and divided into 2 groups.In experimental group,tacrolimus was administrated by the individualized formula based on CYP3A5 and MDR1 gene polymorphism;in control group,tacrolimus was administrated by doctors' experience based on patient's body weight.The blood trough level of tacrolimus was determined 3 days after administration.The first blood trough level of tacrolimus,plasma creatinine level,acute rejection rate,and necessity for dialysis were compared between two groups.Results The first blood trough levels of tacrolimus in experimental and control groups were 9.24 ± 2.32 and 9.39 ± 3.47μg/L respectively (P＞0.05).The tacrolimus levels of 7 cases in experimental group and 18 cases in control group were not in normal range (P＜0.05).The plasma creatinine level at day 7 after surgery was 157.36 ± 110.55 μg/L in experimental group,and 174.01 ± 130.68μg/L in control group (P＞0.05).Acute rejection was found in both two groups:2 in experimental group and 5 in control group (P ＞ 0.05).There was significant difference in necessity for dialysis between two groups:4 in experimental group and 10 in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The individualized formular administration of tacrolimus based on the CYP3A5 and MDR1 gene polymorphism is more feasible and reasonable than experimental administration,which is more easier to come to an appropriate blood level and would benefit the early recovery of renal function.

This paper focused on factors which affected on different color of northern and southern region vinegar-processed frankincense.Meanwhile,contents of six main boswellic acids were also determined to elaborate the influence of heat in chemical components.Vinegar-processed frankincense from northern and southern region was collected.And different temperature and time were used in the processing of frankincense to receive the vinegar-processed frankincense samples.The color difference meter was utilized combining with the PCA statistic analysis method.The Zorbax ExtendC18 chromatographic column (4.6 mm × 50 mm,1.8 μm) was used with acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid as the mobile phase and gradient elution.The velocity of flow was 1 mL· min-1.The detection wavelength was 210 nm and 250 nm.The column temperature was 30℃.The results showed that the color of northern region processed frankincense was yellow or pale brown.And the southern region processed frankincense was pale brown or dark brown.It showed the difference on processed degree.The L* value of the northern processed frankincense was 75.327 to 80.746 and the L* value of southern processed was 44.321 to 49.527.The a* value of the northern processed frankincense was 5.378 to 6.502 and the a* value of southern processed was 9.423 to 9.978.There was no significant difference on b*.There were certain differences on L* and a* among vinegar-processed frankincense with the same surface color.The color parameter results of self-made vinegar-processed frankincense indicated that along with changes of processing temperature and time,the color,L* and a* change.Even frankincense processed for 30 min with mild fire,it will not achieve the color parameter value of the southern region vinegar-processed frankincense.However,after 11 min processing with medium fire,the color can be achieved.The content determination results showed that four contents,including α-boswellic acid,β-boswellic acid,3-acetyl-α-boswellic acid and 3-acetyl-β-boswellic acid were increased.Contents of 11-carbonyl-3-boswellic acid and 3-acetyl-11-carbonyl-β-boswellic were decreased after being processed.The range of increasing or decreasing by medium fire was higher than mild fire.At the same temperature,as the increasing of processing time,the content has an increasing or decreasing tendency.It was concluded that temperature was the main factor influencing the color of vinegar-processed frankincense from northern and southern regions.Different processing degrees also make influence on the contents of chemical compounds.The color parameter value can be used to evaluate the color of processed frankincense.

Objective To study the protective effects and mechanism of aqueous extract of arctium lappa root on vas?cular endothelial cell injury in hypertensive rats. Methods The hypertensive rat model was induced by N-nitro-L-argi?nine. Rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, positive control group (aptopril 15 mg/kg), low concentration of aqueous extract of arctium lappa root (0.5 g/kg), medium concentration of (1 g/kg) and high concentra?tion of (2 g/kg) groups. After six weeks of continuous intragastric administration, the systolic blood pressure levels at tail ar?tery were measured at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 29, 36 and 42 d after treatment. And other indicators related to inflammato?ry factors were detected including C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6. The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) level was detected by taking samples of thoracic aorta. Results (1) The systolic blood pressure level at tail ar?tery was significantly lower in aqueous extract of arctium lappa root group than that of model control group ( P<0.05). (2) The aqueous extract of arctium lappa root can significantly improve the vascular endothelial cell injury, suppress vascular endo?thelial cell loss and blood cell adhesion, and cell proliferation with collagen fibers in muscle membrane. ( 3) The serum levels of IL-6, CRP and vascular endothelial ICAM-1 were significantly reduced in aqueous extract of arctium lappa root group than that of model control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Aqueous extract of arctium lappa root can significantly improve vascular endothelial cell injury in hypertensive rats. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory cyto?kines like IL-6, CRP and the expression of ICAM-1, and the improvement of chronic inflammatory response in vascular en?dothelium of hypertensive rats.