Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA)and cryoablation(CRYO)combined with synchronous biopsy of pulmonary nodules.Methods Totally 62 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent CT-guided percutaneous ablation with either RFA(n=30)or argon-helium CRYO(n=32)combined with simultaneous biopsy were enrolled,and the regarding postoperative complication rates and 1-year local control outcomes were compared.Results All patients successfully completed both ablation and biopsy procedures.In RFA group,the mean diameter of lesion was(1.43±0.33)cm,and the biopsy positive rate was 90.00%(27/30).Post-biopsy intrapulmonary hemorrhage extent immediately increased by 0.60(0.28,1.63)cm.Hemoptysis,pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement and infectious cavities observed in 2(2/30,6.67%),6(6/30,20.00%)and 4 cases(4/30,13.33%),respectively,and the 1-year local control rate in RFA group was 90.00%(27/30).In CRYO group,the mean diameter of lesion was(1.59±0.34)cm,and the biopsy positive rate was 100%(32/32).Post-biopsy intrapulmonary hemorrhage extent increased by 1.20(0.60,1.83)cm.Hemoptysis occurred in 7 cases(7/32,21.88%),and pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement was noticed in 8 cases(8/32,25.00%),while no infectious cavity was observed.The 1-year local control rate in CRYO group reached 96.88%(31/32).Statistical difference of infectious cavity was found between groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Simultaneous biopsy during CT-guided percutaneous RFA and CRYO for lung nodules were both efficient and safe,while the former with relative higher incidence of infectious cavity.

Microbial denitrification is a major pathway for nitrogen removal from water bodies. However, denitrification is often difficult to continue when there is a lack of microbially available organic matter in the water body to serve as electron donors. In recent years, studies have shown that some denitrifying bacteria can directly utilize photoelectrons generated by sunlight-excited semiconductor minerals or natural organic matter for denitrification without the need for bioavailable organic matter as electron donors. This process is defined as microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification. The discovery of microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification phenomenon reshapes the previous knowledge about the chemoheterotrophic mode of denitrifying bacteria and broadens the pathway of nitrogen removal by the new photoelectrotrophic metabolism, which is of great significance to our understanding and exploration of sunlight-driven nitrogen cycling process. In this paper, we comprehensively sort out the existing research reports in the field of microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification, systematically summarize the principle and the current research progress of microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification, deeply analyze the problems and challenges faced by this technology, and make an outlook on the future research directions and application prospects of this technology, providing a reference for the further research and application of this technology.
Denitrification/physiology* ; Nitrogen/isolation & purification* ; Bacteria/metabolism* ; Sunlight ; Phototrophic Processes

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA)and cryoablation(CRYO)combined with synchronous biopsy of pulmonary nodules.Methods Totally 62 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent CT-guided percutaneous ablation with either RFA(n=30)or argon-helium CRYO(n=32)combined with simultaneous biopsy were enrolled,and the regarding postoperative complication rates and 1-year local control outcomes were compared.Results All patients successfully completed both ablation and biopsy procedures.In RFA group,the mean diameter of lesion was(1.43±0.33)cm,and the biopsy positive rate was 90.00%(27/30).Post-biopsy intrapulmonary hemorrhage extent immediately increased by 0.60(0.28,1.63)cm.Hemoptysis,pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement and infectious cavities observed in 2(2/30,6.67%),6(6/30,20.00%)and 4 cases(4/30,13.33%),respectively,and the 1-year local control rate in RFA group was 90.00%(27/30).In CRYO group,the mean diameter of lesion was(1.59±0.34)cm,and the biopsy positive rate was 100%(32/32).Post-biopsy intrapulmonary hemorrhage extent increased by 1.20(0.60,1.83)cm.Hemoptysis occurred in 7 cases(7/32,21.88%),and pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement was noticed in 8 cases(8/32,25.00%),while no infectious cavity was observed.The 1-year local control rate in CRYO group reached 96.88%(31/32).Statistical difference of infectious cavity was found between groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Simultaneous biopsy during CT-guided percutaneous RFA and CRYO for lung nodules were both efficient and safe,while the former with relative higher incidence of infectious cavity.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of free anterolateral thigh perforator flap(ALTPF) in reconstruction of temporal scalp defect after blood circulation reconstruction surgery for moyamoya disease.Methods:From May 2020 to July 2022, 7 patients with scalp defect after revascularisation of moyamoya disease were treated in Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University). The patients were 4 males and 3 females, aged 33-59 years old, at 43 years old in average. There were 5 defects in left tempus and 2 in right tempus. The sizes of scalp defect were 4.5 cm × 5.5 cm-7.5 cm × 9.5 cm. Debridement and VSD management were primarily performed. After wounds were stabilised, ultrasound location of perforator vessels of ALTPFs was performed. Having confirmed that the perforator vessels were suitable for the surgical requirements, flap transfers were then performed. The descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery was end-to-side anastomosed with the superficial temporal artery, and the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex vein was end-to-end anastomosed with the superficial temporal vein. Postoperative follow-up was conducted through outpatient clinic visits, telephone and WeChat reviews. Appearance, texture of ALTPFs and the flap donor sites were observed in follow-ups. Comparisons of the changes of nervous system before and after surgery were made. Cognitive function of the patients was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), together with the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) .Results:All 7 flaps survived. One flap had vascular compromise 6 hours after surgery, and was rectified after surgical intervention. All the patients were included in the postoperative follow-up for 7-33 (average 19) months. All flaps had good appearance with soft texture. There was no obvious difference in colour comparing with the skin around the recipient region. The donor sites healed well without hypertrophic scar. Examinations of nervous system of the patients were found the same as that before surgery. Using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), the average limb muscle strength of the patients was 4 before surgery and 4 after surgery, without change; Using the Ashworth assessment scale, the average preoperative and postoperative limb muscle tension in this group of patients was 1, without change; The Berg balance scale was used to evaluate the patient's balance function, with an average score of 42 before surgery and 42 after surgery, without any changes; There was no change in limb sensation before and after surgery; Using the MMSE, the average preoperative score and postoperative score of this group of patients were 25 points, without any change. Using the modified Barthel index scoring standard, the average preoperative score for this group of patients was 75 points, and the average postoperative score was 79 points, and the ADL of the patient had improved to various levels.Conclusion:Reconstruction of scalp defect with free ALTPF after revascularisation of moyamoya disease has obvious advantages, such as it closes the wound quickly, prevents infection and achieves a good appearance. This surgical procedure can produce a good clinical effect.

Clinical data of 210 patients with early colorectal cancer and precancerous lesion treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the Digestive Endoscopy Center of the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to March 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to the age: the elderly group (≥65 years old, 100 cases) and the non-elderly group (<65 years old, 110 cases). The en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate,and curative resection rate of the elderly group were 92.0% (92/100), 91.0% (91/100) and 89.0% (89/100), respectively. The above indicators of the non-elderly group were 90.9% (100/110) ( P=0.972), 90.0% (99/110) ( P=0.991) and 88.2% (97/110) ( P=1.000), respectively. The incidence of intraoperative perforation in the elderly group was 4.0% (4/100) and in the non-elderly group was 6.4% (7/110) ( P=0.543). Delayed postoperative bleeding rate was 2.0% (2/100) in the elderly group, and 0 (0/110) in the non-elderly group ( P=0.226). ESD is effective and safe in treating early colorectal cancer and precancerous lesion in elderly patients.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze clinical characteristics, flora distribution characteristics, and antimicrobial sensitivity of type 2 diabetic patients with back abscess.Methods:The clinical data of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and back abscess were collected from Endocrinology Department of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from October 2017 to April 2020. The results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test were analyzed, antibiotics were given to treat infection, incision and debridement of abscess were performed according to the situation of abscess, drainage of abscess cavity or continuous negative pressure suction was given when necessary, and the clinical outcome was recorded.Results:A total of 12 type 2 diabetic patients with back abscess were included. The average size of their abscess was(150.3±101.2)cm 2, with over 100 cm 2 in 8 cases(66.7%). Among the 12 patients, 11 patients underwent bacterial culture and drug sensitivity analysis. The positive rate of culture was 100%, and all of them were Staphylococcus aureus, with 10 cases of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA)and 1 case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). MSSA strains were 100% sensitive to oxacillin, vancomycin, linezolid, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tetracycline, tegecycline, rifampicin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amikacin, and teicoplanin. Both MSSA and MRSA strains were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, rifampin, amikacin, and teicoplanin. The wound of all patients was healed, with 100% cure rate and(35.8±34.0)days of average healing time. Conclusion:The back abscess in type 2 diabetic patients is characteristic of rapid progress, huge abscess, and difficult to treat, which should be treated early, incised and debrided timely. Staphylococcus aureus is its single pathogen and it is helpful to select the antibiotics empirically.

Strain-resource engineering is often considered as an important infrastructure of microbiology related research and industry. The western developed countries took the lead in establishing the classical microbial resource utilization method, and continuously improved the preservation system, species annotation technology and global sharing mechanism, which realized the expansion and reserve of biological resources since end of the 19th century. The rich and diversified germplasm resources, standard strains and production strains not only have important economic values, but also maintain the advantages of scientific research, bioeconomy (such as antimicrobial agents, vaccines, detection reagent development and standard development, etc.) and national security. Although there has been a lot of progress in related research in recent years, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in related fields in China. The investment and top-level design in this area lag far behind the western developed countries, and it is not commensurate with the current level of economic and social development in my country. Drawing lessons from the practice of WFCC and WDCM (World Data Center for Microorganisms, Global microbial data Center, affiliated to WFCC), for the purpose of collecting new clinical species/strains, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the identification, preservation and upload system of isolates.

Objective:To explore the association between statins and colorectal cancer and provide evidence for the prevention of colorectal cancer.Methods:Literatures about statins and colorectal cancer published from January 2000 to January 2020 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang data, PubMed and Cochrane Library database. The literatures which met the inclusion criteria were collected, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Jadad score were used to assess the studies. Meta-analysis was performed with statistical software Revman 5.0 and Stata 12.1.Results:A total of 31 studies, involving more than 1.62 million subjects, were included in the analysis. The case-control study ( RR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.98), the cohort study ( RR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.63-0.88) and the randomized controlled trial ( RR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.97) showed moderate protective effect of statins. Using statin <5 years ( RR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.76-0.96), average daily dosage ≥34 mg ( RR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.66-0.98) and lipid-soluble statins ( RR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99) also had preventive effect on colorectal cancer; while lovastatin ( RR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.00-1.14) increased the risk of colorectal cancer. Conclusion:Statins have protective effect on colorectal cancer.

Objective:To establish a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assay for Corynebacterium ( C.) striatum, explore the population structure and evolution relationship of clinical isolates of C. striatum. Methods:Seven housekeeping genes ( gyrA, gyrB, hsp65, sodA, secA1, rpoB, 16S rRNA) were amplified with PCR by using self-designed specific primers and sequenced. Then, the sequences were assembled with software SeqMan. The gene diversity and gene recombination characteristics were evaluated by using software DnaSP 5.10.01 and Splits tree 4.14.2. The phylogenetic tree and the minimum spanning tree were constructed based on the sequence types (ST) characteristics by using software MEGA 7.0.14 and BioNumerics, respectively. In addition, the genetic evolutionary relationship among STs were analyzed by using software eBURST 3.0. Results:The expected amplification products of seven sites selected in all the test strains were obtained. Splits tree showed that the clustering of all C. striatum strains was consistent, suggesting that gene recombination is the potential driving force for the evolution of C. striatum. All of the 344 C.striatum strains were divided into 72 STs by MLST and 85.7% of the strains formed clonal complexes. CC19 was the predominant clonal complex, whereas ST16 in the clonal complex was detected in the most strains. ST had a certain geographic clustering and a certain correlation with the isolation time. Conclusions:C. striatum showed high genetic diversity in China and CC19 was the predominant clonal complex. The MLST assay established in this study can be used for the typing of C. striatum, but further improvement is needed.

Objective:To investigate the surgical method and clinical effect of one-stage repair of soft tissue defects of dorsum of hand and multiple fingers by using the polyfoliate conjoined anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTP) .Methods:From November, 2015 to September, 2019, 9 cases of soft tissue defects of dorsum of hand and multiple fingers were treated, including 8 males and 1 female. The average age was 32 years old. Causes of injury: 4 cases of thermal injury, 3 cases of strangulation injury, and 2 cases of traffic accident injury. Location of injury: 7 cases of right hand, 2 cases of left hand. Three cases of dorsum of hand with 1st-4th fingers, 3 cases with 2nd-5th fingers, 2 cases with 2nd-4th fingers, and 1 case with 3rd-5th fingers; All with bone, joint and tendon exposure. There were 6 cases with fracture or joint dislocation. All of them had no obvious defect of bone and joint. VSD was used to cover them after debridement. According to the shape and size of the wound, all flaps were designed to repair the soft tissue defect as the polyfoliate conjoined ALTP. The flap size was 7 cm×13 cm-12 cm×17 cm. Regular outpatient, telephone and Wechat follow-up were carried out to evaluate the flap survival, appearance, color elasticity, donor scar, sensory recovery, finger function recovery and patient satisfaction.Results:Nine cases of flap survived well. The average followed-up time was 12 (6-18) months. The postoperative followed-up revealed satisfactory shapes of the flaps, protective touch and recovery of functions. The donor site had good healing and no effect on function. In the last followed-up, according to the trial criteria for function evaluation of upper limbs by Chinese Society of Hand Surgery, 5 cases were excellent, 3 cases were good, and 1 case was fair. The hand function recovered well and returned to work and daily life on average 6 weeks after operation.Conclusion:The polyfoliate conjoined ALTP can repair the soft tissue defect of hand dorsum with multiple fingers at one stage, and the flap is in good shape. There is no need to divide the fingers. It is one of the ideal methods to repair the soft tissue defect of hand dorsum.