Although social cognitive impairment is commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia, how to effectively assess it and the clinical value of such evaluations warrant further discussion. In 2022, the release of the "European Psychiatric Association guidance on assessment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia" provided guidance for research and clinical practices in this field. This article aims to analyze the necessity, effectiveness, and feasibility of conducting assessments in clinical settings based on the recommended approaches outlined in the guidance, considering the current clinical landscape in China.

Although cognitive impairment is considered a core symptom of schizophrenia and significantly impacts functional outcomes, it is often overlooked in clinical practice. The European Psychiatric Association released “Guideline on Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia” in 2022, providing recommendations for research and clinical practice. This paper interprets the neurocognitive aspects of schizophrenia covered in the guidelines, introduces neurocognitive assessment tools used in China and their application settings, examines the relationship between subjective and objective assessments of cognitive impairment, and briefly discusses the connections between neurocognition and positive and negative symptoms. The paper also considers the future development of neurocognitive assessment tools in China.

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia emerges early and persists, is a core symptom that severely affects social functioning. In 2022, the European Psychiatric Association published the " European Psychiatric Association guidance on assessment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia", presenting the latest evidence and systematic review results. The guidance recommends comprehensive and detailed cognitive assessments for all individuals with schizophrenia, emphasizing the phase of early intervention. In conjunction with the recommendations of the guidance and the current state of research both domestically and internationally, this article provides an overview of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, including definition, impact, selection of assessment tools, and limitations of cognitive assessments. It also connects with clinical practice in China, outlining the development and shortcomings of cognitive assessments for schizophrenia. It is suggested that a clinically simple questionnaire suitable for the Chinese population is needed to help physicians quickly identify cognitive impairment.

Cognitive impairment is one of the core features of schizophrenia and severely affects the prognosis of the disorder. Improving cognitive impairment is of great significance for alleviating symptoms, preventing relapses, enhancing the quality of life, and reducing the social burden in patients with schizophrenia. Based on the "Guidelines for the Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia" published by the European Psychiatric Association in 2022, the article focuses on the intervention and management of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients following a systematic assessment, while also considering the specific context of practice in China. This paper reviews recent progress in cognitive impairment interventions for schizophrenia, providing clinical guidance across three key aspects: pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and psychotherapy. Other interventions are also discussed. Additionally, it addresses the existing challenges and unresolved issues, aiming to provide a basis for decision-making in the current treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Objective:The present study aims to investigate whether there is a shared alteration of the resting-state functional connectivity and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) within the limbic network across all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder.Methods:From July 2019 to December 2021, 107 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (bipolar disorder group) were recruited from the Institute of Mental Health at Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University. Additionally, 46 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education level were enrolled as the control group. According to the total scores of the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD 17), individuals with bipolar disorder can be categorized into three groups: bipolar manic group, bipolar depressive group, and bipolar euthymic group. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from all the participants, and seed-based functional connectivity and ALFF in the limbic network were conducted to compare differences among three mood states and controls using One-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis. Finally, correlation analyses using Pearson or Spearman coefficients were performed between statistically significant intergroup differences in functional connectivity/ALFF values and total scores as well as factor scores on clinical rating scales. Results:In comparison to the healthy controls, there was a significant decrease in functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate gyrus and hippocampus across all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder after Bonferroni correction ( t=-2.60--2.07, P<0.05). Furthermore, the ALFF in the anterior cingulate gyrus during three phases showed a significantl reduction following false discovery rate correction ( t=-4.41--3.51, P<0.05). Moreover, a decreased functional connectivity between the left anterior cingulate gyrus and left hippocampus during the depressive phase demonstrated a significant negative correlation with work interest subscores of the HAMD 17 ( r=-0.406, P=0.021). Conclusions:Dysconnectivity and reduced activity within the anterior cingulate of the limbic network may represent common alterations of mood regulation disorder throughout all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder.

Objective:The present study aims to investigate whether there is a shared alteration of the resting-state functional connectivity and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) within the limbic network across all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder.Methods:From July 2019 to December 2021, 107 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (bipolar disorder group) were recruited from the Institute of Mental Health at Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University. Additionally, 46 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and education level were enrolled as the control group. According to the total scores of the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD 17), individuals with bipolar disorder can be categorized into three groups: bipolar manic group, bipolar depressive group, and bipolar euthymic group. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from all the participants, and seed-based functional connectivity and ALFF in the limbic network were conducted to compare differences among three mood states and controls using One-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis. Finally, correlation analyses using Pearson or Spearman coefficients were performed between statistically significant intergroup differences in functional connectivity/ALFF values and total scores as well as factor scores on clinical rating scales. Results:In comparison to the healthy controls, there was a significant decrease in functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate gyrus and hippocampus across all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder after Bonferroni correction ( t=-2.60--2.07, P<0.05). Furthermore, the ALFF in the anterior cingulate gyrus during three phases showed a significantl reduction following false discovery rate correction ( t=-4.41--3.51, P<0.05). Moreover, a decreased functional connectivity between the left anterior cingulate gyrus and left hippocampus during the depressive phase demonstrated a significant negative correlation with work interest subscores of the HAMD 17 ( r=-0.406, P=0.021). Conclusions:Dysconnectivity and reduced activity within the anterior cingulate of the limbic network may represent common alterations of mood regulation disorder throughout all three clinical phases of bipolar disorder.

Although social cognitive impairment is commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia, how to effectively assess it and the clinical value of such evaluations warrant further discussion. In 2022, the release of the "European Psychiatric Association guidance on assessment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia" provided guidance for research and clinical practices in this field. This article aims to analyze the necessity, effectiveness, and feasibility of conducting assessments in clinical settings based on the recommended approaches outlined in the guidance, considering the current clinical landscape in China.

Although cognitive impairment is considered a core symptom of schizophrenia and significantly impacts functional outcomes, it is often overlooked in clinical practice. The European Psychiatric Association released “Guideline on Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia” in 2022, providing recommendations for research and clinical practice. This paper interprets the neurocognitive aspects of schizophrenia covered in the guidelines, introduces neurocognitive assessment tools used in China and their application settings, examines the relationship between subjective and objective assessments of cognitive impairment, and briefly discusses the connections between neurocognition and positive and negative symptoms. The paper also considers the future development of neurocognitive assessment tools in China.

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia emerges early and persists, is a core symptom that severely affects social functioning. In 2022, the European Psychiatric Association published the " European Psychiatric Association guidance on assessment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia", presenting the latest evidence and systematic review results. The guidance recommends comprehensive and detailed cognitive assessments for all individuals with schizophrenia, emphasizing the phase of early intervention. In conjunction with the recommendations of the guidance and the current state of research both domestically and internationally, this article provides an overview of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, including definition, impact, selection of assessment tools, and limitations of cognitive assessments. It also connects with clinical practice in China, outlining the development and shortcomings of cognitive assessments for schizophrenia. It is suggested that a clinically simple questionnaire suitable for the Chinese population is needed to help physicians quickly identify cognitive impairment.