Objective: To explore the safety and feasibility of the disconnection of the left renal artery preferentially during robot-assisted inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy for patients with left renal cell carcinoma and tumor emboli. Methods: Clinical data of 7 patients who underwent robot-assisted IVC thrombectomy and radical nephrectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during Dec.2021 and Oct.2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Thrombectomy was performed first，followed by nephrectomy. The “IVC-first, kidney-last”robotic technique was developed to minimize chances of IVC thrombus. When patients in left lateral decubitus position, the left renal artery was severed from the right side through the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta. After removal of thrombus from IVC was completed, patients changed to the right lateral position to complete radical left nephrectomy. Results: Imaging examinations revealed that the median diameter of the renal cell carcinomas was 83(46-99) mm; the median length of the inferior vena cava cancerous emboli was 49(2-91) mm.According to the Mayo classification，the cancerous emboli were gradeⅠ in 2 cases，gradeⅡ in 4 cases，and grade Ⅲ in 1 case.All surgeries were successful.The median operation time was 248(201-331) minutes，blood loss 500(200-1000) mL，and 6 cases required intraoperative blood transfusion.The median time for transition into the intensive care unit was 1(1-4) days，and drainage tube removal 6(5-12) days.Serum creatinine increased significantly in 5 cases，4 of which returned to normal after 1 week，but 1 had renal insufficiency (creatinine 166 μmol/L).Chylous fistula occurred in 1 patient，and lower extremity venous thrombosis developed in 3 patients.Pathological examinations indicated 6 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 1 case of MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma.During the median follow-up of 17(1-35) months，5 cases were tumor-free，while 2 had lung and retroperitoneal metastases.They received targeted therapy of axitinib combined immunotheraphy and lived with tumors. Conclusion: In the left lateral position for left renal cell carcinoma with cancerous emboli，robot-assisted laparoscopic thrombectomy by crossing the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta and disconnecting the left renal artery first is safe and feasible.

BACKGROUND:Scaffold materials serve as platforms that provide space and structure,playing a crucial role in the regeneration of cartilage tissue.Scholars from around the world are exploring different approaches to fabricate more ideal scaffold materials. OBJECTIVE:To review the design principles and preparation methods of cartilage scaffolds,and to further explore the advantages and limitations of various preparation methods. METHODS:Literature searches were conducted on the databases of CNKI,WanFang Data,PubMed,and FMRS from 1998 to 2023.The search terms were"cartilage repair,cartilage tissue engineering,cartilage scaffold materials,preparation"in Chinese and English.A total of 57 articles were ultimately reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The articular cartilage has a unique structure and limited self-repair capacity after injury.Even if self-repair occurs,the newly formed cartilage is typically fibrocartilage,which is far inferior to normal articular cartilage in terms of structure and mechanical properties.It is difficult to maintain normal function and often leads to degenerative changes.Currently,the design and fabrication of scaffold materials for cartilage repair need to consider the following aspects:biocompatibility and biodegradability,suitable pore structure and porosity,appropriate mechanical properties,and bioactivity.(2)Research on the preparation of cartilage scaffolds has made significant progress,continuously introducing new preparation methods and optimization strategies.These methods have their advantages and disadvantages,providing more possibilities for customized preparation and functional design of cartilage scaffolds according to specific requirements.

BACKGROUND:Bone formation is the process by which osteoblasts synthesize and secrete osteoid and promote its mineralization,which generally involves mechanical signal transduction.Osteoblasts are primarily regulated by mechanical factors such as gravity,compressive stress,tensile stress,fluid shear stress,and hydrostatic pressure in vivo,and different mechanical stimuli modulate the proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis of osteoblasts through various mechanisms,including hormones,cytoskeletal proteins,and microRNAs.By clarifying the effects of biomechanical forces on osteoblasts,it provides ideas and a reference basis for the treatment of osteometabolic diseases involving osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of different biomechanical forces on the biological characteristics of osteoblasts. METHODS:We conducted a literature search using PubMed,Web of Science,FMRS,CNKI,and WanFang databases for relevant publications published from 2000 to 2023,covering basic research and tissue engineering studies related to the effects of biomechanical forces on osteoblasts.Ultimately,a total of 70 articles were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different biomechanical forces have an impact on the biological characteristics of osteoblasts,including proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis,and these effects are dependent on the intensity and duration of the applied force.Specifically,the effects are as follows:(1)Under microgravity conditions,osteoblast proliferation and differentiation are inhibited,resulting in a decrease in bone density and the development of osteoporosis.(2)Compared to microgravity,hypergravity has a promoting effect on osteoblast proliferation.(3)The effects of compressive stress on osteoblasts are dependent on the loading intensity and time.Appropriate compressive stress can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation,which is beneficial for bone tissue formation and repair,while excessive compressive stress can cause osteoblast apoptosis and bone tissue destruction.(4)The biological effects of different types of tensile stress on osteoblasts differ.Studies have shown that a strain rate within the range of 0-12%has a promoting effect on osteoblast proliferation.(5)Fluid shear stress can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and enhance the bone-inducing effect of biomaterials.(6)Static hydrostatic pressure can affect the biological behavior of osteoblasts,including proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis,and these effects are closely related to the time and intensity of the pressure.Understanding the effects of different biomechanical forces on osteoblasts is of great significance for a deeper understanding of bone growth and maintenance mechanisms.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and postoperative urinary control between robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP)with posterior-anterior-lateral(PAL)approach and with anterior(conventional)approach using propensity score matching method.Methods Clinical data of 145 patients undergoing RARP in our hospital during Jan.2020 and Jan.2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including 122 patients in the conventional group and 23 in the PAL group.The patients were matched by 2∶1 propensity score matching,including 46 cases in the conventional group and 23 in the PAL group.The perioperative outcomes were compared of prostate cancer(PCa)patients undergoing RARP surgery with different approaches before and after matching,including operation time,intraoperative blood loss,pelvic drainage time,hospitalization days,preservation of neurovascular bundles(NVB)during surgery,deep dorsal venous complex(DVC)suture,reconstruction of bladder neck,and postoperative urinary control recovery rate after extubation immediately,and 1,3,and 6 months after surgery.Results There were no significant differences in baseline data,operation time,bleeding volume,pelvic drainage time,hospitalization days,preservation of NVB,and reconstruction of bladder neck between the two groups(P＞0.05).The PAL group used less DVC suture during surgery(30.4％vs.100％,P＜0.001),but had better urinary control recovery rate immediately after extubation,1,3 and 6 months after surgery(P＜0.05).Conclusion RARP with PAL approach is as safe and effective as the conventional approach,and has significant advantages in early postoperative urinary control.

Metastasis accounts for 90% of breast cancer deaths, where the lethality could be attributed to the poor drug accumulation at the metastatic loci. The tolerance to chemotherapy induced by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and their particular redox microenvironment further aggravate the therapeutic dilemma. To be specific, therapy-resistant BCSCs can differentiate into heterogeneous tumor cells constantly, and simultaneously dynamic maintenance of redox homeostasis promote tumor cells to retro-differentiate into stem-like state in response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Herein, we develop a specifically-designed biomimic platform employing neutrophil membrane as shell to inherit a neutrophil-like tumor-targeting capability, and anchored chemotherapeutic and BCSCs-differentiating reagents with nitroimidazole (NI) to yield two hypoxia-responsive prodrugs, which could be encapsulated into a polymeric nitroimidazole core. The platform can actively target the lung metastasis sites of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and release the escorted drugs upon being triggered by the hypoxia microenvironment. During the responsiveness, the differentiating agent could promote transferring BCSCs into non-BCSCs, and simultaneously the nitroimidazole moieties conjugated on the polymer and prodrugs could modulate the tumor microenvironment by depleting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) and amplifying intracellular oxidative stress to prevent tumor cells retro-differentiation into BCSCs. In combination, the BCSCs differentiation and tumor microenvironment modulation synergistically could enhance the chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity, and remarkably suppress tumor growth and lung metastasis. Hopefully, this work can provide a new insight in to comprehensively treat TNBC and lung metastasis using a versatile platform.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and consistency of three commonly used early colorectal cancer screening models for advanced colorectal adenoma as a noninvasive means， and to assess the predictive value of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） tongue images in the models. MethodsPatients diagnosed with colorectal adenoma who underwent colonoscopy and pathological examination were selected as the study participants. Basic clinical data and tongue image were collected. The prediction models of Asia-Pacific colorectal screening （APCS） model， its revision （M-APCS） and colorectal neoplasia predict （CNP） model were applied to compare the predictive effects of the three models on advanced stage adenomas of the colon， the differences in clinical data and traditional Chinese medicine tongue characteristics among patients with different degrees of adenomas， and the similarities and differences in tongue characteristics among the models. The discriminative ability of the three risk models was evaluated using the area under the curve （AUC） and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves. The calibration was assessed using the Kuder-Richardson coefficient and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test for consistency analysis. ResultsA total of 227 patients with adenoma were analyzed， including 104 patients （45.82%） with advanced adenoma. In the detection of advanced adenoma， those with greasy coating （70 cases， 67.3%） were higher than those without greasy coating （34 cases， 32.7%， P＜0.05）. After multivariate analysis， the odds ratio （OR） value of non-greasy coating was 0.371 （0.204~0.673， P＜0.01）， indicating that non-greasy coating was a protective factor for advanced adenomas. Among the three risk models， the detection rate of advanced adenoma in the high-risk group with APCS was the highest （63.3%）， which was 1.49 times and 2.04 times that of the medium-risk group （42.6%） and the low-risk group （31.1%， P＜0.01）. The detection rate of advanced adenomas in high-risk groups of M-APCS and CNP was slightly higher than that in moderate or low risk groups （P＞0.05）. The proportion of yellow and greasy coating in high-risk group was higher than that in the medium-risk or low-risk group （P＜0.05）. For the ability to distinguish advanced and non-advanced adenomas， the AUC of APCS was 0.629 （95% CI： 0.556~0.702） and was higher than that of M-APCS （0.591） and CNP （0.586）. In calibration evaluation， Cronbach's alpha was 0.919 （＞0.7）， which indicated that the three models were consistent. In the correlation matrix， the correlation coefficients between APCS model and M-APCS model， and CNP model were 0.794 and 0.717， respectively， and the correlation coefficients between M-APCS model and CNP model were 0.873， Hosmer-Lemeshow χ² =2.552， P＞0.05， which suggested that the three models had good calibration ability. ConclusionAll three models demonstrate the efficiency to identify advanced colorectal adenoma， and their calibration ability is considered to be good. Among the three models， the APCS exhibits the highest recognition efficiency， however， the recognition accuracy of the APCS model needs improvement. The presence of a greasy coating is identified as one of the potential predictors of advanced adenoma. Consequently， it can be considered for inclusion in the risk model of advanced colorectal adenoma to enhance the accuracy.

Objective·To explore the immune-related characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),discover potential tumor markers in V-J genes,and lay the foundation for establishing a TCR-antigen recognition prediction model.Methods·A total of 704 NSCLC samples were collected to establish a comprehensive T-cell receptor(TCR)repertoire analysis workflow.The upstream analysis included steps such as raw data processing,quality control,filtering,TCR sequence identification,and extraction.The downstream analysis included repertoire clone distribution,clone typing,V-J gene sharing,CDR3 distribution characteristics,and clone tracking.The sample clone distribution was analyzed by using indices such as Shannon-Weiner index and Chaol index.Clone typing was performed based on the number of clone amplifications to explore differences among different types.The degree of V-J gene segment sharing was analyzed,and the sharing of low-frequency clone types was determined through clone amplification weight analysis of V-J genes by using two samples of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Finally,analysis of the distribution characteristics of V genes and high-frequency clone type CDR3,and clone tracking analysis were conducted to monitor changes in tumor immune clone frequencies before and after analysis,aiming to identify potential tumor markers.Results·① Significant differences were observed in clone distribution and clone typing among different NSCLC tissues,as well as among different ages and genders.② Specific highly-shared V-J genes were identified in the analysis of V-J gene sharing,and non-normal distribution of high-clone V genes and amino acid high-frequency clone types were found in the CDR3 distribution analysis.③ In the analysis of high-frequency clone type clone tracking,highly expressed or newly expressed high-frequency clone types were observed in NSCLC,suggesting that these clone types could serve as potential tumor-associated antigens or bind with CDR3 reference sequences of new antigens.④ It was found that the expression frequency of TRBJ2-5 gene,originally low-expressed,significantly increased,indicating its potential role as a key low-frequency gene in tumor immune response.Conclusion·The TRAV21 and TRBV6.5 genes show high clone amplification in NSCLC and could serve as potential tumor biomarkers.

Objective:To investigate the factors affecting the effect of periprostatic nerve block (PNB), establish a prediction model of pain degree, and verify the prediction efficiency.Methods:The clinical data of 314 patients who underwent transperineal prostate biopsy in our hospital from June 2022 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The median age was 71 (65, 76) years, the median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 14.6 (10.70, 24.65) ng/ml, and the median puncture needle number was 21 (19, 23) needles, median prostate volume 45.86 (31.52, 67.96) ml, median body mass index (BMI)24.02(22.97, 25.33)kg/m 2, including 109 patients with a history of diabetes, 90 patients with a history of surgery, and 57 patients with a history of severe trauma. The patients were divided into mild pain group (1-3 points), moderate pain group (4-6 points) and severe pain group (7-10 points) according to the intraoperative visual analogue scale (VAS). According to the clinical characteristics, the factors affecting the effect of PNB were analyzed by univariate analysis and multiple ordered logistic regression method. R language was used to construct a nomogram model for predicting PNB effect, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were drawn, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test was carried out to verify the prediction efficiency of the model. Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that 171 patients in the mild pain group had a median age of 71 (65, 75) years, a median PSA14.5 (9.6, 24.6) ng/ml, a median number of puncture needles of 20 (18, 22), and a median prostate volume of 34.94 (26.36, 45.12) ml, median BMI24.17(23.14, 25.79)kg/m 2, including 74 patients with a history of diabetes, 51 patients with a history of surgery, and 40 patients with a history of severe trauma; There were 110 patients in the moderate pain group, the median age was 71 (65, 76) years, the median PSA14.8 (11.03, 24.27) ng/ml, the median number of puncture needles was 23 (20, 24) needles, median prostatic volume 63.24 (49.14, 78.72) ml, median BMI23.91(22.58, 24.88)kg/m 2, including 26 patients with a history of diabetes, 29 patients with a history of surgery, and 10 patients with a history of severe trauma; In the severe pain group, 33 patients had a median age of 73 (67, 78) years, a median PSA14.6 (10.85, 34.80) ng/ml, and a median puncture needle number of 23 (22.5, 24) needles, median prostate volume 70.64 (61.50, 104.51) ml, median BMI24.32(23.00, 26.06)kg/m 2, including 9 patients with a history of diabetes, 10 patients with a history of surgery, and 7 patients with a history of severe trauma. The results of univariate analysis showed that the number of puncture needles ( P<0.01), prostate volume ( P<0.01), history of diabetes ( P=0.002) and history of major trauma ( P= 0.009) were the factors affecting the effect of PNB. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that puncture needle number ( P=0.009), prostate volume ( P<0.01) and diabetes history ( P=0.041) were independent risk factors for PNB effect. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the moderate and above pain prediction model was 0.872, P<0.01; the area under ROC curve of the severe pain prediction model was 0.817, P<0.01; the result of Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the moderate and above pain prediction model was χ2=5.001, P=0.757. The results of the severe pain prediction model were χ2=4.452 and P=0.814. The calibration curve was established, which showed that the prediction probability of pain degree was in good agreement with the actual risk. Conclusions:The number of puncture needles, prostate volume and history of diabetes are the risk factors affecting the effect of PNB. The prediction model of PNB effect based on this model can be used to predict the pain degree of patients undergoing prostate biopsy after PNB.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant therapy modality can increase the operability rate and mitigate pathological risks in locally advanced cervical cancer, but treatment response varies widely. It remains unclear whether genetic alterations correlate with the response to neoadjuvant therapy and disease-free survival (DFS) in locally advanced cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 62 locally advanced cervical cancer (stage IB-IIA) patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus radical hysterectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ tumor biopsy samples were comprehensively profiled using targeted next generation sequencing. Pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment and DFS were evaluated against the association with genomic traits. Results: Genetic alterations of PIK3CA were most frequent (37%), comparable to that of Caucasian populations from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The mutation frequency of genes including TERT, POLD1, NOS2, and FGFR3 was significantly higher in Chinese patients whereas RPTOR, EGFR, and TP53 were underrepresented in comparison to Caucasians. Germline mutations were identified in 21% (13/62) of the cohort and more than half (57%) had mutations in DNA damage repair genes, including BRCA1/2, TP53 and PALB2. Importantly, high tumor mutation burden, TP53 polymorphism (rs1042522), and KEAP1 mutations were found to be associated with poor pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment. KEAP1 mutations, PIK3CA-SOX2 co-amplification, TERC copy number gain, and TYMS polymorphism correlated with an increased risk of disease relapse. Conclusion We report the genomic profile of locally advanced cervical cancer patients and the distinction between Asian and Caucasian cohorts. Our findings highlight genomic traits associated with unfavorable neoadjuvant chemoradiation response and a higher risk of early disease recurrence.

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) is primarily impaired in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), leading to progressive loss of photoreceptors and sometimes choroidal neovascularization (CNV). mTOR has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target, while the usage of its specific inhibitor, rapamycin, was greatly limited. To mediate the mTOR pathway in the retina by a noninvasive approach, we developed novel biomimetic nanocomplexes where rapamycin-loaded nanoparticles were coated with cell membrane derived from macrophages (termed as MRaNPs). Taking advantage of the macrophage-inherited property, intravenous injection of MRaNPs exhibited significantly enhanced accumulation in the CNV lesions, thereby increasing the local concentration of rapamycin. Consequently, MRaNPs effectively downregulated the mTOR pathway and attenuate angiogenesis in the eye. Particularly, MRaNPs also efficiently activated autophagy in the RPE, which was acknowledged to rescue RPE in response to deleterious stimuli. Overall, we design and prepare macrophage-disguised rapamycin nanocarriers and demonstrate the therapeutic advantages of employing biomimetic cell membrane materials for treatment of AMD.