Objective:To investigate variation and correlation of type 2 intrinsic lymphocyte(ILC2)and related factors in acute and chronic brucellosis,to identify immune role of ILC2 in chronic brucellosis.Methods:Forty-three patients with acute brucel-losis and 45 patients with chronic brucellosis were compared with 49 healthy controls.ILC2 level in each group was detected by flow cytometry.mRNA level of GATA3 in PBMC was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Serum IL-33,ST2,IL-4 and IL-13 levels were detected by ELISA.ALT and AST levels were measured by fully automatic biochemical analyzer.Results:ILC2 level,GATA3 mRNA in PBMC,serum IL-33,IL-4 and IL-13 levels in chronic brucellosis group were significantly higher than healthy control group and acute brucellosis group(P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed that ILC2 level was positively correlated with GATA3 mRNA,IL-33,IL-4 and IL-13 levels,while negatively correlated with ST2 level.ROC curve suggested that ILC2,GATA3,IL-33 and ST2 had good predictive ability for severity of brucellosis patients(AUC>0.7).Conclusion:Increase of ILC2 and its related factors are closely related to chronic brucella infection,which may play an important immune role in pathogenesis of brucella infection.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

Objective To identify potential quality risks of Xiaoer Huatan Zhike Granules(Pediatric Phlegm-Resolving and Cough-Relieving Granules)through National Drug Sampling and Inspection,evaluate their overall quality,and propose improvements to the quality standards.Methods Samples from 34 manufacturers were tested using official standards.Exploratory methods were developed to enhance risk analysis,including thin-layer chromatography(TLC)identification,content uniformity testing,quantitative assays,and screening for unauthorized additives(e.g.,colorants).Results All batches met the official standards(100.0%compliance rate).However,deficiencies were observed:most manufacturers lacked controls for ephedrine hydrochloride content uniformity and quantification,omitted key ingredient identifications(e.g.,herbal components),and exhibited insufficient TLC specificity(e.g.,TLC of Ipecac tincture showed only one spot instead of multiple alkaloid-specific spots).Exploratory studies revealed risks in total emetine/cephaeline content,morroniside A/platycodin D content,ephedrine hydrochloride uniformity,and unauthorized colorant addition.Conclusions The overall quality of this variety is good,but the enterprise should improve the quality control measures throughout the entire process and establish stricter internal control standards;The official standards,unchanged for approximately 30 years,fail to address current regulatory requirements.The statutory quality standards need to be revised and improved.Qualitative or quantitative indicators for all drug flavors in the prescription should be added,and the content uniformity inspection of ephedrine hydrochloride should be increased.

Objective:To investigate variation and correlation of type 2 intrinsic lymphocyte(ILC2)and related factors in acute and chronic brucellosis,to identify immune role of ILC2 in chronic brucellosis.Methods:Forty-three patients with acute brucel-losis and 45 patients with chronic brucellosis were compared with 49 healthy controls.ILC2 level in each group was detected by flow cytometry.mRNA level of GATA3 in PBMC was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Serum IL-33,ST2,IL-4 and IL-13 levels were detected by ELISA.ALT and AST levels were measured by fully automatic biochemical analyzer.Results:ILC2 level,GATA3 mRNA in PBMC,serum IL-33,IL-4 and IL-13 levels in chronic brucellosis group were significantly higher than healthy control group and acute brucellosis group(P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed that ILC2 level was positively correlated with GATA3 mRNA,IL-33,IL-4 and IL-13 levels,while negatively correlated with ST2 level.ROC curve suggested that ILC2,GATA3,IL-33 and ST2 had good predictive ability for severity of brucellosis patients(AUC>0.7).Conclusion:Increase of ILC2 and its related factors are closely related to chronic brucella infection,which may play an important immune role in pathogenesis of brucella infection.

Objective To identify potential quality risks of Xiaoer Huatan Zhike Granules(Pediatric Phlegm-Resolving and Cough-Relieving Granules)through National Drug Sampling and Inspection,evaluate their overall quality,and propose improvements to the quality standards.Methods Samples from 34 manufacturers were tested using official standards.Exploratory methods were developed to enhance risk analysis,including thin-layer chromatography(TLC)identification,content uniformity testing,quantitative assays,and screening for unauthorized additives(e.g.,colorants).Results All batches met the official standards(100.0%compliance rate).However,deficiencies were observed:most manufacturers lacked controls for ephedrine hydrochloride content uniformity and quantification,omitted key ingredient identifications(e.g.,herbal components),and exhibited insufficient TLC specificity(e.g.,TLC of Ipecac tincture showed only one spot instead of multiple alkaloid-specific spots).Exploratory studies revealed risks in total emetine/cephaeline content,morroniside A/platycodin D content,ephedrine hydrochloride uniformity,and unauthorized colorant addition.Conclusions The overall quality of this variety is good,but the enterprise should improve the quality control measures throughout the entire process and establish stricter internal control standards;The official standards,unchanged for approximately 30 years,fail to address current regulatory requirements.The statutory quality standards need to be revised and improved.Qualitative or quantitative indicators for all drug flavors in the prescription should be added,and the content uniformity inspection of ephedrine hydrochloride should be increased.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

This study was performed to investigate the variation characteristics and functions of Siglec-9 immune checkpoint in pulmonary tuberculosis.R language was used for bioinformatics analysis of GSE83456 chip data.Total of 48 patients with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)and 46 healthy controls were included.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression of Siglec-9 in peripheral blood;flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Siglec-9+CD4+T cells.The levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by Cytometric Bead Array(CBA).Furthermore,the correlation of the proportion of Siglec-9+CD4+T cells with TNF-α and other cytokines were analyzed.Bioinformatics analysis showed that Siglec-9 was significantly increased in patients with PTB(P＜0.001),and was related to TNF-α/NF-κB,IL-6/JAK/STATA3,PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathways.Experimental data showed that the proportion of Siglec-9+CD4+T cells was significantly increased in patients with PTB(P＜0.001)and negatively correlated with the levels of TNF-α and other cytokines.In conclusion,the higher levels of Siglec-9 mRNA and Siglec-9+CD4+T cells in PTB may inhibit the function of CD4+T cells and participate in the occurrence and development of PTB.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) on the surface of T cells in patients with brucellosis (Bm), as well as the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in serum, and to analyze the differential expression of these indicators in patients with acute and chronic brucellosis, in order to provide new approaches for the differential diagnosis of acute and chronic brucellosis. Methods A total of 56 patients diagnosed with brucellosis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from April 2023 to September 2023 were selected, including 31 patients in the acute phase and 25 patients in the chronic phase. Additionally, 35 healthy individuals underwent routine physical examinations within the same period served as healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to detect and compare Tim-3 levels on the CD4+ T cells' surface among the groups. Levels of serum IL-10 and TGF-β were measured and compared using CBA and ELISA, respectively, and the relationship of these factors with the staging of brucellosis patients was analyzed. Results The proportions of Tim-3+CD3+CD4+T cells in the control group, acute group, and chronic group were (2.56±1.25)%, (5.14±1.98)%, and (13.66±2.66)%, respectively. The Tim-3 levels in the patients with brucellosis were higher than those in the healthy control group, with the chronic group showing even higher levels, and these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 and TGF in the patient group were higher than those in the healthy control group, with the chronic group exhibiting significantly higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-β than the acute group, also presenting statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The areas under the ROC curve for predicting chronic brucellosis with Tim-3, IL-10, and TGF-β scores were 0.876, 0.865, and 0.663, respectively. Conclusions There are certain differences in the expression of Tim-3, serum IL-10, and TGF-β among patients with brucellosis, with high expression indicating a potential transition to the chronic phase of the disease. Tim-3 has shown the best diagnostic performance. Therefore, as a diagnostic indicator, Tim-3 may provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment and differential diagnosis of brucellosis.