Due to its high sensitivity and non-destructive nature, Raman spectroscopy has become an essential analytical tool in biopharmaceutical analysis and drug development. Despite of the computational demands, data requirements, or ethical considerations, artificial intelligence (AI) and particularly deep learning algorithms has further advanced Raman spectroscopy by enhancing data processing, feature extraction, and model optimization, which not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of Raman spectroscopy detection, but also greatly expands its range of application. AI-guided Raman spectroscopy has numerous applications in biomedicine, including characterizing drug structures, analyzing drug forms, controlling drug quality, identifying components, and studying drug-biomolecule interactions. AI-guided Raman spectroscopy has also revolutionized biomedical research and clinical diagnostics, particularly in disease early diagnosis and treatment optimization. Therefore, AI methods are crucial to advancing Raman spectroscopy in biopharmaceutical research and clinical diagnostics, offering new perspectives and tools for disease treatment and pharmaceutical process control. In summary, integrating AI and Raman spectroscopy in biomedicine has significantly improved analytical capabilities, offering innovative approaches for research and clinical applications.

Objective:Based on the functional classification structure of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health′s rehabilitation set (ICF-RS), the data available in the open database of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed longitudinally to construct the development trajectories of different functional dimensions among China′s elderly population.Methods:The CHARLS data for 2013, 2015 and 2018 describing persons aged 60 and older were distributed using the ICF-RS′s classification structure. Group-based multi-trajectory modeling (GBMTM) was then applied to analyze the characteristics of the development trajectories of physical functioning, daily activities and social participation.Results:Different development trajectory subtypes emerged from the data. A gradual decline in physical functioning was evident throughout the study period, while daily activities first improved and then declined. Social participation was in decline throughout the period. There were, however, significant differences in the initial functional level, the degree of decline and the degree of decline reversal among the different subtype groups.Conclusions:The overall functional performance of the elderly in China shows a downward trend, but some functional dimensions can still improve with time, at least during the specific period covered in this open database. It is recommended that the ICF-RS be integrated into the CHARLS to comprehensively assess the classification of function and developmental changes among China′s elderly.

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to systolic pulmonary artery pressure ratio(TAPSE/sPAP) in identifying precapillary pulmonary hypertension(pcPH) patients requiring repeat balloon pulmonary angioplasty(BPA) within 3 months after initial intervention, and to determine independent risk factors associated with postoperative reintervention.Methods:We retrospectively collected clinical data from 215 consecutive patients with pcPH undergoing BPA. After applying exclusion criteria, 200 patients were ultimately included in the analysis. The predictive value of the TAPSE/sPAP for short-term BPA reintervention was assessed using receiver operating characteristic( ROC) curve analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Internal validation was performed through bootstrap resampling with 1 000 iterations to evaluate model stability. Results:A risk model for echocardiography was constructed using multiple logistic regression, and the results showed that systolic pulmonary artery pressure(sPAP), peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity(TRV), tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient(PGTR), and TAPSE/sPAP ratio were predictive factors for BPA surgery in patients with pulmonary hypertension within 3 months. Multivariate regression analysis suggests that the TAPSE/sPAP ratio is an independent influencing factor for BPA after 3 months( OR=0.023, P<0.05). The predicted area under the ROC curve( AUC) for BPA after 3 months is 0.62(95% CI: 0.530-0.648), P<0.01, which is better than other cardiac ultrasound indicators. At the same time, internal bootstrap method was used for internal self-validation, and the AUC of the internal self-validation set was 0.67. Conclusion:The TAPSE/sPAP ratio serves as an independent predictor for requiring repeat BPA within 3 months postoperatively in patients with pcPH.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous internal fixation with double screws for delayed union or nonunion of scaphoid fracture.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 12 patients with delayed union or nonunion of scaphoid fracture who had been treated at Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from March 2021 to December 2023. They were 11 males and 1 female, with an age of (29.9±13.8) years and an interval from injury to surgery of (5.1±2.6) months. They were all treated by minimally invasive percutaneous internal fixation with 2 hollow compression screws. The visual analogue scale (VAS), grip strength (percentage of the affected side to the healthy side), wrist range of motion, modified Mayo wrist score and other data were recorded and compared between pre-surgery and the last follow-up. The incidence of complications was recorded.Results:Follow-up for all patients lasted for (20.8±8.9) months. All patients achieved bony union after (10.1±3.2) weeks with no complications like infection. No post-surgery imaging revealed screw misplacement or penetration. At the last follow-up, the VAS pain score was 0 (0, 1) point, the wrist grip strength 100.6%±7.2%, the wrist flexion 88.3°±2.5°, the wrist dorsiflexion 88.5°±2.2°, and the modified Mayo wrist score (98.3±2.5) points, all significantly better than the pre-surgery values [4 (4, 5) points, 69.1%±16.0%, 61.3°±13.5°, 64.7°±9.1°, and (61.7±10.1) points] (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of delayed union or nonunion of scaphoid fracture, minimally invasive percutaneous internal fixation with double screws shows advantages of minimal invasion, quick fracture healing, fine functional recovery, and no need of bone grafting.

Objective:Based on the functional classification structure of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health′s rehabilitation set (ICF-RS), the data available in the open database of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed longitudinally to construct the development trajectories of different functional dimensions among China′s elderly population.Methods:The CHARLS data for 2013, 2015 and 2018 describing persons aged 60 and older were distributed using the ICF-RS′s classification structure. Group-based multi-trajectory modeling (GBMTM) was then applied to analyze the characteristics of the development trajectories of physical functioning, daily activities and social participation.Results:Different development trajectory subtypes emerged from the data. A gradual decline in physical functioning was evident throughout the study period, while daily activities first improved and then declined. Social participation was in decline throughout the period. There were, however, significant differences in the initial functional level, the degree of decline and the degree of decline reversal among the different subtype groups.Conclusions:The overall functional performance of the elderly in China shows a downward trend, but some functional dimensions can still improve with time, at least during the specific period covered in this open database. It is recommended that the ICF-RS be integrated into the CHARLS to comprehensively assess the classification of function and developmental changes among China′s elderly.

Turning to critical illness is a common stage of various diseases and injuries before death. Patients usually have complex health conditions, while the treatment process involves a wide range of content, along with high requirements for doctor′s professionalism and multi-specialty teamwork, as well as a great demand for time-sensitive treatments. However, this is not matched with critical care professionals and the current state of medical care in China. Telemedicine, which shortens the distance of medical professionals and the gap of disease diagnosis and treatments in various regions through electronic information, can effectively solve the current problem. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, high-quality visualization telemedicine round system .Therefore, experts have been organized to search domestic and foreign literature on telemedicine round for critically ill patients and to form this consensus based on clinical experiences so as to further improve the level of critical care treatments in regions.

Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to systolic pulmonary artery pressure ratio(TAPSE/sPAP) in identifying precapillary pulmonary hypertension(pcPH) patients requiring repeat balloon pulmonary angioplasty(BPA) within 3 months after initial intervention, and to determine independent risk factors associated with postoperative reintervention.Methods:We retrospectively collected clinical data from 215 consecutive patients with pcPH undergoing BPA. After applying exclusion criteria, 200 patients were ultimately included in the analysis. The predictive value of the TAPSE/sPAP for short-term BPA reintervention was assessed using receiver operating characteristic( ROC) curve analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Internal validation was performed through bootstrap resampling with 1 000 iterations to evaluate model stability. Results:A risk model for echocardiography was constructed using multiple logistic regression, and the results showed that systolic pulmonary artery pressure(sPAP), peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity(TRV), tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient(PGTR), and TAPSE/sPAP ratio were predictive factors for BPA surgery in patients with pulmonary hypertension within 3 months. Multivariate regression analysis suggests that the TAPSE/sPAP ratio is an independent influencing factor for BPA after 3 months( OR=0.023, P<0.05). The predicted area under the ROC curve( AUC) for BPA after 3 months is 0.62(95% CI: 0.530-0.648), P<0.01, which is better than other cardiac ultrasound indicators. At the same time, internal bootstrap method was used for internal self-validation, and the AUC of the internal self-validation set was 0.67. Conclusion:The TAPSE/sPAP ratio serves as an independent predictor for requiring repeat BPA within 3 months postoperatively in patients with pcPH.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous internal fixation with double screws for delayed union or nonunion of scaphoid fracture.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 12 patients with delayed union or nonunion of scaphoid fracture who had been treated at Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from March 2021 to December 2023. They were 11 males and 1 female, with an age of (29.9±13.8) years and an interval from injury to surgery of (5.1±2.6) months. They were all treated by minimally invasive percutaneous internal fixation with 2 hollow compression screws. The visual analogue scale (VAS), grip strength (percentage of the affected side to the healthy side), wrist range of motion, modified Mayo wrist score and other data were recorded and compared between pre-surgery and the last follow-up. The incidence of complications was recorded.Results:Follow-up for all patients lasted for (20.8±8.9) months. All patients achieved bony union after (10.1±3.2) weeks with no complications like infection. No post-surgery imaging revealed screw misplacement or penetration. At the last follow-up, the VAS pain score was 0 (0, 1) point, the wrist grip strength 100.6%±7.2%, the wrist flexion 88.3°±2.5°, the wrist dorsiflexion 88.5°±2.2°, and the modified Mayo wrist score (98.3±2.5) points, all significantly better than the pre-surgery values [4 (4, 5) points, 69.1%±16.0%, 61.3°±13.5°, 64.7°±9.1°, and (61.7±10.1) points] (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of delayed union or nonunion of scaphoid fracture, minimally invasive percutaneous internal fixation with double screws shows advantages of minimal invasion, quick fracture healing, fine functional recovery, and no need of bone grafting.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed.Results:A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M ( Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age ( P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion:Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.