[Objective]To investigate the depression status and its influencing factors in HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiviral therapy.[Methods]From July 2022 to September 2022,successive sampling method was used to recruit HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiviral therapy from antiviral treatment institutions in Nanjing,and they were instructed to fill out anonymous questionnaires.The questionnaire collected the basic information of patients,and depression,HIV stigma score and social support level were investigated by Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),Berger HIV stigma scale(BHSS)and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MSPSS).Multivariate Logistic regression was used to an-alyze the influencing factors of depression.[Results]A total of 1879 valid questionnaires were collected in this study,and the detection rate of depression was 50.1%.The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that compared with patients with middle school or below,the risk of depression was lower for those with postgraduate or above[OR=0.534,95%CI(0.341,0.835),P=0.006].Compared with antiviral therapy duration<1 year,antiviral therapy duration for 1 to 5 years[OR=0.729,95%CI(0.536,0.991)],>5 to 10 years[OR=0.516,95%CI(0.379,0.702)],>10 years[OR=0.603,95%CI(0.375,0.969)]was associated with a lower risk of depression.High level of social support was a protective factor for depression in HIV/AIDS patients compared with middle and low level of social support[OR=0.430,95%CI(0.349,0.530),P<0.001].There was a higher risk of depression with side effects than without side effects[OR=2.260,95%CI(1.833,2.786),P<0.001].The higher the score on the HIV stigma scale,the higher the possibility of depression was.[Conclusion]The detection rate of depression of patients receiving antiviral therapy in Nanjing is high.After starting antivi-ral therapy,we should strengthen the monitoring of side effects and psychological status of patients,carry out psychologi-cal intervention,alleviate psychological problems,and improve the quality of life of patients receiving antiviral therapy.

Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons. Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied, the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated. Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system, we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain. We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions, among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals. In regions such as the striatum and optic tract, even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected. Furthermore, in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations. Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.
Mice ; Animals ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology* ; Parvalbumins/metabolism* ; Parkinson Disease/pathology* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Interneurons/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Brain/pathology*

Entorhinal Cortex/physiology* ; Hippocampus/physiology* ; Neural Pathways/physiology*

To predict the epidemiological trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by mathematical modeling based on the population mobility and the epidemic prevention and control measures. : As of February 8，2020，the information of 151 confirmed cases in Yueqing，Zhejiang province were obtained，including patients' infection process，population mobility between Yueqing and Wuhan，etc. To simulate and predict the development trend of COVID-19 in Yueqing, the study established two-stage mathematical models，integrating the population mobility data with the date of symptom appearance of confirmed cases and the transmission dynamics of imported and local cases. : It was found that in the early stage of the pandemic，the number of daily imported cases from Wuhan (using the date of symptom appearance) was positively associated with the number of population travelling from Wuhan to Yueqing on the same day and 6 and 9 days before that. The study predicted that the final outbreak size in Yueqing would be 170 according to the number of imported cases estimated by consulting the population number travelling from Wuhan to Yueqing and the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model; while the number would be 165 if using the reported daily number of imported cases. These estimates were close to the 170，the actual monitoring number of cases in Yueqing as of April 27，2020. : The two-stage modeling approach used in this study can accurately predict COVID-19 epidemiological trend.
COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective: To understand the AIDS knowledge of male college students who have sex experience and the influencing factors of high-risk sexual behaviors, so as to provide a basis for AIDS prevention and control on campus. Methods: A total of 5 718 male college students who have sex from 18 colleges and universities in Nanjing were investigated by stratified random cluster sampling method from April to June in 2019. Their AIDS knowledge and high-risk sexual behaviors were investigated and risk factors were analyzed. Results: Male college students had poor AIDS related knowledge and the incidence of high-risk sexual behaviors was 61.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of male college students with sexual orientation of bisexuality(OR=1.61), uncertainty (OR=2.41) and heterosexuality (OR=1.47) who had high-risk sexual behaviors were higher than those of homosexuals. The age of first sexual intercourse ≤14 years old(OR=2.71), 15 to 17 years old(OR=1.87), and 18 to 20 years old (OR=1.35) had a higher proportion of high-risk sexual intercourse than the age of first sexual intercourse of older than 20 years old. In the past year, the proportion of commercial sex(OR=1.80), drug use(OR=4.28), sexually transmitted disease (OR=3.34) diagnosed in the most recent year who had high-risk sexual behaviors were higher. In the pust year, the proportion of stable relationship and cohabitation(OR=0.25), those who had received AIDS prevention propaganda in the most recent year(OR=0.81), and those who knew about AIDS (OR=0.65) were less likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Conclusion The knowledge rate of HIV/AIDS was low and the incidence of high-risk sexual behavior was high among male college students. Therefore, colleges are encouraged to, actively carry out AIDS prevention and control work, improve the awareness of both HIV/AIDS knowledge and safe sex basics.

Objective:To investigate HIV-1 genotypes and drug resistance among newly diagnosed young students in Nanjing in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of AIDS in this group.Methods:This study enrolled 200 newly diagnosed young students with HIV-1 infection in Nanjing from September 2015 to July 2019. Demographic information and blood samples were collected. Through RNA extraction and PCR amplification, 191 pol fragments were successfully obtained and subjected to genotyping and drug resistance analysis. Results:CRF01_AE (41.4%) and CRF07_BC (30.9%) were the predominant genotypes, followed by unique recombinant forms (URFs) (15.7%), CRF55_01B (5.2%), CRF68_01B (3.1%), CRF67_01B (2.6%), and subtype B (1.0 %). The incidence of drug-resistant mutations was 16.8%, and the rate of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) was 4.2%. The rates of TDR in CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, CRF55_01B, URFs and other genotypes were 2.5%, 1.7%, 10.0%, 10.0% and 7.7%, respectively ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The rapid emergence of recombinant HIV-1 strains in the young students should be taken seriously. The prevalence of TDR was close to the alert level, thus needing to be monitored continuously.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression profile of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and identify potential lncRNA-related competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) in placenta accrete spectrum disorders (PAS). METHODS: Five tissue specimens of placental implantation and 5 adjacent normal placental tissues were collected from cesarean section deliveries complicated by PAS in our hospital between December, 2017 and June, 2018. Human microarrays were used to identify the lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in PAS, and 5 of the identified lncRNAs were further validated using qRT-PCR. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to indentify the most significant enrichment functions. A ceRNA network was constructed based on ENST00000511361 (RP5-875H18.4), NR_027457 (LINC00221) and NR_126415 (FOXP4-AS1) to pinpoint the potential lncRNAs-related ceRNA. RESULTS: A total of 329 lncRNAs and 179 mRNAs were identified to have differential expression in PAS. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the human microarrays results. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway was the most significantly enriched pathway. The constructed ceRNA network suggested that RP5-875H18.4--miRNA-218--SLIT2 had a potential ceRNA regulatory mechanism in PAS. CONCLUSIONS The differentially expressed lncRNAs are involved in the occurrence and progression of PAS possibly by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. The ceRNA network of RP5-875H18.4--miRNA-218--SLIT2 may play a role in the occurrence of PAS.

Objective To investigate the anti-hypoxia effects of octacosane and the petroleum ether extract from Saus-surea Involucrate(PESI)on the water,sugar,lipid and protein metabolism of mice at simulated high altitude.Methods The healthy adult male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into normal control group,hypoxic model group,acetazolamide group, the petroleum ether of Saussurea involucrata group and octacosane group.Drugs were administered i.v 20 mins before the mice were exposed to a simulated high altitude of 6 000 m for 8 hours in an animal decompression chamber.The mice were sacrificed at the end of 8 hours.Organ water content,organ indexes and metabolism indicators of sugar,protein and lipid were deter-mined.Results The edema of heart,brain and lung was reduced notably(P<0.05,P<0.01)in the mice received PESI at 200 mg/kg and octacosane at 100 mg/kg.In the treated groups,the increase of blood sugar,muscle glycogen,TG(triglycer-ide),TC(total cholesterol)were all significantly inhibited,the decrease of liver glycogen,the protein content of heart and brain was also remarkably blocked(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion PESI and octacosane effectively regulate the metabolism of hypoxic mice and reserve the body′s energy for survival by lowering the basic metabolism.

Objective To study pharmacodynamics of the effective anti-hypoxia components in the petroleum ether ex-tract of Saussurea Involucrate(PESI)and octacosane.Methods PESI and octacosane were first evaluated by normobaric hy-poxia model,acute decompression model and followed by chemical induced hypoxic models with potassium cyanide,sodium ni-trite and isoprenaline hydrochloride poisoning.Results PESI and octacosane can effectively prolong the survival time of hypo-baric hypoxic mice(P<0.01)and reduce the mortality of acute hypobaric hypoxia mice(P<0.01)in a dose-dependent man-ner.Anti-hypoxic potency of PESI and octacosane obtained by chemical induced hypoxic model indicated that they significantly increase survival time(P<0.05)of hypoxia mice than acetazolamide.Conclusion PESI and octacosane have good anti-hypoxia activity.