Schizophrenia (SZ) stands as a severe psychiatric disorder. This study applied diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in conjunction with graph neural networks to distinguish SZ patients from normal controls (NCs) and showcases the superior performance of a graph neural network integrating combined fractional anisotropy and fiber number brain network features, achieving an accuracy of 73.79% in distinguishing SZ patients from NCs. Beyond mere discrimination, our study delved deeper into the advantages of utilizing white matter brain network features for identifying SZ patients through interpretable model analysis and gene expression analysis. These analyses uncovered intricate interrelationships between brain imaging markers and genetic biomarkers, providing novel insights into the neuropathological basis of SZ. In summary, our findings underscore the potential of graph neural networks applied to multimodal DTI data for enhancing SZ detection through an integrated analysis of neuroimaging and genetic features.
Humans ; Schizophrenia/pathology* ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Brain/metabolism* ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; White Matter/pathology* ; Gene Expression ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging* ; Graph Neural Networks

Objective To observe the effects of Huosha Oral Liquid on irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D)rats with cold and dampness syndrome based on Notch1/Hes-1/Math-1 signaling pathway;To elucidate its mechanism of repair of intestinal mucosal barrier.Methods An IBS-D cold and dampness syndrome rat model was established by using restraint stress combined with bitter-cold cathartic method and cold and dampness environmental method.After modeling,the rats were randomly divided into model group,Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups,with 6 rats in each group.An additional 6 rats were set as the normal group.The Western medicine group was given mebeverine(13.5 mg/kg)by gavage,while the Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups were given Huosha Oral Liquid(3.15,6.3,12.6 g/kg)by gavage,the normal group and model group were given distilled water by gavage,for 4 weeks.The general status of rats were ovserved,the body mass,loose stool rate,fecal water rate and abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)score were measured,the morphalogy of colon tissue were observed by HE staining,the mRNA expression of Occludin,ZO-1,Notch1,Hes-1 and Math-1 in colon tissue were detected by RT-PCR,the protein expression of Notch1 was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group had a reduced body mass(P<0.05)and increased loose stool rate,fecal water rate and AWR score(P<0.05),inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in colon tissue and the expressions of Occludin,ZO-1,Math-1 mRNA decreased(P<0.05),the expressions of Notch1,Hes-1 mRNA increased(P<0.05),and the expression of Notch1 protein increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the body mass of rats in Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups increased(P<0.05),loose stool rate,fecal water rate and AWR scores decreased(P<0.05),a small amount of neutrophils was visible in the colon tissue,the expressions of Occludin,ZO-1,Math-1 mRNA in colon tissue increased in Huosha Oral Liquid medium-and high-dosage groups(P<0.05)and the expressions of Notch1 and Hes-1 mRNA decreased(P<0.05),the expression of Notch1 protein decreased in Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Huosha Oral Liquid may regulate the expressions of tight junction proteins by inhibiting excessive activation of the Notch/Hes-1/Math-1 signaling pathway,thereby protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier function,improving diarrhea symptoms in IBS-D rats with cold and dampness syndrome,and reducing visceral sensitivity and colonic tissue inflammation.

Objective:To investigate the active ingredients and targets of Compound Gastritis Mixture(CGM)in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)by network pharmacology method,and to validate the potential mechanism combined with molecular docking technology and cellular experiments.Methods:The Traditional Chinese Medicine System Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and Swiss Target Prediction databases were used to select the herbal ingredients of CGM and the corresponding targets;the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)database were used to screen the targets of CAG;the common targets of CGM and CAG were analyzed from the Venny2.1.0 platform;STRING online platform was used to construct protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks for common drug-disease targets and screen the core targets.Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was used to construct the drug-disease-target network and screen the drug core components;Gene Ontology(GO)fuctional,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis were used to analyze the common targets of CGM and CAG;and AutoDock analysis software was used to perform molecular docking analysis of predicted main components of the drugs and core targets.The gastric mucosal epithelial cells GES-1 were induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)to construct CAG cell model.The GES-1 cells were divided into blank group(10%serum complete medium),model group(10 mg·L-1 LPS),and different concentrations of CGM groups(50,100,200,400,800 and 1 600 g·L-1 CGM+10 mg·L-1 LPS),and cells were incubated for 12,24,and 48 h.The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect the proliferation activities of GES-1 cells.The GES-1 cells were divided into blank group(10%serum complete medium),model group(10 mg·L-1 LPS)and CGM group(1 600 g·L-1 CGM+10 mg·L-1 LPS).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF),serine/threonine protein kinase 1(AKT1),IL-1β,and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mRNA in the cells in various groups.Results:A total of 198 ingredients of CGM were screened,and 128 common targets with CAG were identified.The main herbal ingredients of CGM in treatment of CAG were quercetin,kaempferol,and lluteolin,which mainly acted on the core targets of IL-6,TNF,AKT1,IL-1β,and EGFR.The GO function enrichment analysis results showed that the top 15 targets mainly focused on biological processes(BP)such as apoptosis,inflammatory response and cell proliferation,mainly included cellular components(CC)such as cytoplasm,cell surface and macromolecular complexes,and mainly exerted molecular functions(MF)such as proteins,enzymes and ubiquitin-protein ligases.A total of 158 pathways were obtained from KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis,mainly involved cancer-related pathways,TNF signaling pathways,viral infection,programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)pathways,apoptosis,NOD-like receptor signaling pathways,Toll-like receptor signaling pathways,EGFR,and IL-17 signaling pathways.The binding energies of the core targets IL-6,TNF,IL-1β,AKT1,and EGFR with main herbal ingredients quercetin,kaempferol,and luteolin were<-5 kcal·mol-1.The CCK-8 assay results showed that compared with blank group,after 24 and 48 h of cell culture,the proliferation activities of the cells in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the inhibition of the proliferation activity was more obvious after 48 h;therefore,48 h was selected for the modeling time;compared with model group,the proliferation activities of cells in 800 and 1 600g·L-1 GCM groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the promotion of cell proliferation activity was more obvious in 1 600g·L-1 GCM group,so the intervening concentration of this drug was selected for the subsequent experiments.The RT-qPCR method results showed that compared with blank group,the expression levels of IL-6,TNF,IL-1β,AKT1,and EGFR mRNA in the cells in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the expression levels of IL-6,IL-1β,AKT1 and EGFR mRNA in the cells in CGM group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:CGM may play a role in the prevention and treatment of CAG through multiple ingredients such as quercetin,kaempferol and lignocerol,acting on the multiple target proteins such as IL-6,TNF,AKT1,IL-1β,and EGFR,as well as involving a variety of"inflammatory-cancer-related"pathways.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and learning curve for robot-assisted cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw fixation performed by surgeons with different seniority in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.Methods:The clinical data of 91 lumbar degenerative disease patients underwent robot-assisted CBT screw fixation from August 2020 to December 2022 in Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 48 patients underwent surgery performed by the same senior surgeon (senior group), with a total of 234 CBT screws were placed; while 43 patients underwent surgery performed by the same junior surgeon (junior group), with a total of 206 CBT screws were placed. The surgical related indexes, functional improvement score, lower back pain and lower limb radiation pain scores, acceptable nail insertion rate, non invasion rate of facet joints and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between two groups. The functional improvement score was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, the pain score was evaluated using visual analog score (VAS). The cumulative sum (CUSUM) method was used to depict the learning curve with "single screw placement time" as the observation index.Results:There were no statistical difference in incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay between two groups ( P>0.05). The least squares means of JOA scores 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery in both groups increased significantly compared to baseline, while the least squares means of lower back pain VAS and lower limb radiation pain VAS decreased significantly compared to baseline; there were no statistical differences between two groups ( P>0.05). There were no statistical difference in acceptable nail insertion rate, non invasion rate of facet joints and incidence of postoperative complications between two group ( P>0.05). The CUSUM learning curves were fitting well and the inflection point for senior surgeon corresponded to 18 cases, while it was reached after performing surgery on 21 cases for junior surgeon. Conclusions:Robot-assisted CBT screw fixation performed by surgeons with different seniority could achieve similar clinical outcomes for treating lumbar degenerative disease. The senior surgeons are able to complete the initial learning stage faster than the junior surgeons, but there is not much difference in the number of surgeries performed the learning curve.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and learning curve for robot-assisted cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw fixation performed by surgeons with different seniority in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.Methods:The clinical data of 91 lumbar degenerative disease patients underwent robot-assisted CBT screw fixation from August 2020 to December 2022 in Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 48 patients underwent surgery performed by the same senior surgeon (senior group), with a total of 234 CBT screws were placed; while 43 patients underwent surgery performed by the same junior surgeon (junior group), with a total of 206 CBT screws were placed. The surgical related indexes, functional improvement score, lower back pain and lower limb radiation pain scores, acceptable nail insertion rate, non invasion rate of facet joints and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between two groups. The functional improvement score was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, the pain score was evaluated using visual analog score (VAS). The cumulative sum (CUSUM) method was used to depict the learning curve with "single screw placement time" as the observation index.Results:There were no statistical difference in incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay between two groups ( P>0.05). The least squares means of JOA scores 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery in both groups increased significantly compared to baseline, while the least squares means of lower back pain VAS and lower limb radiation pain VAS decreased significantly compared to baseline; there were no statistical differences between two groups ( P>0.05). There were no statistical difference in acceptable nail insertion rate, non invasion rate of facet joints and incidence of postoperative complications between two group ( P>0.05). The CUSUM learning curves were fitting well and the inflection point for senior surgeon corresponded to 18 cases, while it was reached after performing surgery on 21 cases for junior surgeon. Conclusions:Robot-assisted CBT screw fixation performed by surgeons with different seniority could achieve similar clinical outcomes for treating lumbar degenerative disease. The senior surgeons are able to complete the initial learning stage faster than the junior surgeons, but there is not much difference in the number of surgeries performed the learning curve.

Objective To observe the effects of Huosha Oral Liquid on irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D)rats with cold and dampness syndrome based on Notch1/Hes-1/Math-1 signaling pathway;To elucidate its mechanism of repair of intestinal mucosal barrier.Methods An IBS-D cold and dampness syndrome rat model was established by using restraint stress combined with bitter-cold cathartic method and cold and dampness environmental method.After modeling,the rats were randomly divided into model group,Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups,with 6 rats in each group.An additional 6 rats were set as the normal group.The Western medicine group was given mebeverine(13.5 mg/kg)by gavage,while the Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups were given Huosha Oral Liquid(3.15,6.3,12.6 g/kg)by gavage,the normal group and model group were given distilled water by gavage,for 4 weeks.The general status of rats were ovserved,the body mass,loose stool rate,fecal water rate and abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR)score were measured,the morphalogy of colon tissue were observed by HE staining,the mRNA expression of Occludin,ZO-1,Notch1,Hes-1 and Math-1 in colon tissue were detected by RT-PCR,the protein expression of Notch1 was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group had a reduced body mass(P<0.05)and increased loose stool rate,fecal water rate and AWR score(P<0.05),inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in colon tissue and the expressions of Occludin,ZO-1,Math-1 mRNA decreased(P<0.05),the expressions of Notch1,Hes-1 mRNA increased(P<0.05),and the expression of Notch1 protein increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the body mass of rats in Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid low-,medium-and high-dosage groups increased(P<0.05),loose stool rate,fecal water rate and AWR scores decreased(P<0.05),a small amount of neutrophils was visible in the colon tissue,the expressions of Occludin,ZO-1,Math-1 mRNA in colon tissue increased in Huosha Oral Liquid medium-and high-dosage groups(P<0.05)and the expressions of Notch1 and Hes-1 mRNA decreased(P<0.05),the expression of Notch1 protein decreased in Western medicine group and Huosha Oral Liquid groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Huosha Oral Liquid may regulate the expressions of tight junction proteins by inhibiting excessive activation of the Notch/Hes-1/Math-1 signaling pathway,thereby protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier function,improving diarrhea symptoms in IBS-D rats with cold and dampness syndrome,and reducing visceral sensitivity and colonic tissue inflammation.

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a predictive model to individually predict the risk of patients with stroke in the eICU Collaborative Research Database for early clinical identification and intervention. MethodIndividual patient data （200 859 cases） from a national multicenter cohort study （eICU database） were selected， and the patients with stroke in neurological diseases （9 037 cases） were selected for statistical analysis. The main outcome was hospital mortality. The Glasgow Coma scale （GCS） was used to divide all patients with stroke into stroke in meridian and stroke in viscera （GCS≤14 for stroke in viscera and GCS=15 for stroke in meridian）. The patients were then divided into a training set and a test set according to 7∶3， respectively， to evaluate the differences in hospital mortality between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis of the two groups， and a predictive model was established. Receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curves were used to assess the discrimination of the predictive model. ResultThe predictive model based on 9 037 patients with stroke was established. The predictors of the stroke in meridian （4 475 cases） included pulmonary infection， mechanical ventilation， acute physiology， and chronic health status scoring system Ⅳ （APACHE Ⅳ） score. The predictors of the stroke in viscera （4 562 cases） included anticoagulation therapy （AT）， mechanical ventilation， acute physiology， and APACHE Ⅳ score. According to the predictors， the predictive models of the stroke in meridian and the stroke in viscera were constructed， respectively. The areas under the curve （AUC） of ROC of the training set and the test set of the predictive models of the stroke in meridian were 0.845 ［95% confidence interval （CI） （0.811， 0.879）］ and 0.807 ［95% CI （0.751， 0.863）］， respectively. The areas under the ROC curve of the training set and test set of the predictive models of the stroke in viscera were 0.799 ［95% CI （0.781， 0.817）］ and 0.805 ［95% CI （0.778， 0.832）］， respectively. The AUC of the predictive model of the training set and the test set were both above 0.7. ConclusionThe model established in this study can conveniently， directly， and accurately predict the hospital mortality risk of patients with stroke. Physicians and other healthcare professionals can use this predictive approach to provide early care planning and clinical interventions for patients with stroke during their hospital stay.