ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue adhesive injection with the assistance of metal clips in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with gastric varices and gastric-renal shunt （GRS）. MethodsThe patients who attended Beijing Ditan Hospital， Capital Medical University， due to liver cirrhosis and gastric varices from February to June 2023 were enrolled， and all patients were confirmed to have GRS and received endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue adhesive injection with the assistance of metal clips. The primary evaluation index was alleviation or disappearance of varicose veins after surgery， and the secondary evaluation indices were surgical completion and complications. ResultsA total of 11 patients were enrolled in this study， among whom there were 7 male patients and 4 female patients， with a median age of 55 years. Of all patients， 1 had Child class A liver function， 7 had Child class B liver function， and 3 had Child class C liver function. The maximum （median） diameter of the shunt was 8 mm， and the minimum （median） diameter of the shunt was 4 mm. The median blood flow velocity of the target vessel was 11 cm/s before treatment and 5 cm/s after occlusion with metal clips. The median amount of tissue adhesive injected was 2 mL， and the amount of lauromacrogol used was 1 mL. Disappearance of blood flow signals was observed in all patients after surgery （100%）， and the success rate of surgery was 100%. No patient experienced rebleeding after follow-up for 6 weeks. Gastroscopy at 1 month after surgery showed that gastric varices were eradicated or almost disappeared in 9 patients and were alleviated in 2 patients. ConclusionEndoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue adhesive injection with the assistance of metal clips is a feasible， safe， and effective treatment method for cirrhotic patients with gastric varices and GRS.

Objective:To study the anti-motion sickness effect of atrial natriuretic peptide（ANP）through establishing two types of motion sickness rat models by giving rotational stimulation or intraperitoneal arginine vasopressin（AVP）injection.Methods:Normal Sprague-Dawley rats were rotated 120 min to induce motion sickness. The behavioural changes in their ingestion of 0.15% saccharin sodium solution（SSS）and consumption of kaolin were measured；and the susceptibilities of the rats to motion sickness were thus determined. The behavioural changes in the ingestion of 0.15% SSS after the intraperitoneal injection of AVP were also recorded. Finally，after the intraperitoneal injection of ANP，inhibitory influences on taste aversion to 0.15% SSS induced by these two methods were determined.Results:After the rotational stimulation，the rats reduced their intake of 0.15% SSS（taste aversion）or increased the intake of kaolin（pica）. The intraperitoneal injection of AVP in rats could also induce taste aversion to 0.15% SSS. However，the intraperitoneal injection of ANP effectively inhibited this conditioned taste aversion to 0.15% SSS induced either by rotational stimulation or AVP injection.Conclusion:Both rotational stimulation and intraperitoneal injection of AVP could induce motion sickness；and the intraperitoneal injection of ANP could help relieve motion sickness in rats.

Objective:To explore inner ear mechanism of 6-gingerol，an active ingredient of ginger，for resisting motion sickness in rats.Methods:By stimulating SD rats with rotation，so as to induce conditioned anorexia to 0.15% saccharin solution，thus simulating motion sickness. Using qRT-PCR，western blotting，ELISA，and other related biological techniques to detect aquaporin 2（AQP2），plasma arginine vasopressin（AVP）V2 receptor（V2R），transient receptor potential ion channel 4（TRPV4）mRNA，and protein expression levels of the rats’ inner ears，and observe the impact of TRPV4 antagonist ruthenium red on the effect of 6-gingerol countering motion sickness.Results:After 6-gingerol inhibited the rotational stimulation，the expression levels of AQP2 mRNA and protein in the inner ear of rats were significantly increased（ P<0.05），the TRPV4 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly decreased（ P<0.05），and the expression levels of V2R mRNA and protein were decreased（ P<0.05）. After using ruthenium red（5 mg/kg）alone，the reduction of drinking saccharin in rats was significant（ P<0.01）. The 6-gingerol combing with ruthenium red（5 mg/kg）could eliminate the inhibitory effect of 6-gingerol pretreatment on the reduction of saccharin drinking in rats after rotational stimulation（ P<0.01）. Conclusion:The mechanism of 6-gingerol for resisting motion sickness may be related to its impact on the transcriptions and expressions of V2R and TRPV4 in inner ear，and then on the AQP2 expression.

Objective:To investigate the effect of rotational stimulation on the expression and distribution of α-ENaC in different areas of the inner ears of rats.Methods:With immunohistochemistry staining，the expressions of α-ENaC in different areas of the inner ears of the Sprague-Dawley rats after rotational stimulation were observed.Results:After rotational stimulation，the expressions of α-ENaC in the stria vascularis，the spiral ganglion neurons，peripheral satellite cells，the epithelial and stromal cells of the macula utriculi，the vestibular ganglion neurons of rats were increased，while the distributions of α-ENaC in epithelial and stromal cells of the crista ampullaris were decreased. Moreover，in the spiral ligament，Reissner’s membrane，the epithelial and stromal cells of the macula sacculi，and the epithelial cells of the semicircular canal，the distributions of α-ENaC of the observation group were similar to the control group.Conclusion:The α-ENaC were widely expressed in the inner ears，and the changes of its expression varied among different areas in the inner ears of rats after rotation. Thus，ENaC may be involved in the development of motion sickness through regulating the endolymph balance and vestibular sensation of the inner ears.

Objective:To study the anti-motion sickness effect of atrial natriuretic peptide（ANP）through establishing two types of motion sickness rat models by giving rotational stimulation or intraperitoneal arginine vasopressin（AVP）injection.Methods:Normal Sprague-Dawley rats were rotated 120 min to induce motion sickness. The behavioural changes in their ingestion of 0.15% saccharin sodium solution（SSS）and consumption of kaolin were measured；and the susceptibilities of the rats to motion sickness were thus determined. The behavioural changes in the ingestion of 0.15% SSS after the intraperitoneal injection of AVP were also recorded. Finally，after the intraperitoneal injection of ANP，inhibitory influences on taste aversion to 0.15% SSS induced by these two methods were determined.Results:After the rotational stimulation，the rats reduced their intake of 0.15% SSS（taste aversion）or increased the intake of kaolin（pica）. The intraperitoneal injection of AVP in rats could also induce taste aversion to 0.15% SSS. However，the intraperitoneal injection of ANP effectively inhibited this conditioned taste aversion to 0.15% SSS induced either by rotational stimulation or AVP injection.Conclusion:Both rotational stimulation and intraperitoneal injection of AVP could induce motion sickness；and the intraperitoneal injection of ANP could help relieve motion sickness in rats.

Objective:To explore inner ear mechanism of 6-gingerol，an active ingredient of ginger，for resisting motion sickness in rats.Methods:By stimulating SD rats with rotation，so as to induce conditioned anorexia to 0.15% saccharin solution，thus simulating motion sickness. Using qRT-PCR，western blotting，ELISA，and other related biological techniques to detect aquaporin 2（AQP2），plasma arginine vasopressin（AVP）V2 receptor（V2R），transient receptor potential ion channel 4（TRPV4）mRNA，and protein expression levels of the rats’ inner ears，and observe the impact of TRPV4 antagonist ruthenium red on the effect of 6-gingerol countering motion sickness.Results:After 6-gingerol inhibited the rotational stimulation，the expression levels of AQP2 mRNA and protein in the inner ear of rats were significantly increased（ P<0.05），the TRPV4 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly decreased（ P<0.05），and the expression levels of V2R mRNA and protein were decreased（ P<0.05）. After using ruthenium red（5 mg/kg）alone，the reduction of drinking saccharin in rats was significant（ P<0.01）. The 6-gingerol combing with ruthenium red（5 mg/kg）could eliminate the inhibitory effect of 6-gingerol pretreatment on the reduction of saccharin drinking in rats after rotational stimulation（ P<0.01）. Conclusion:The mechanism of 6-gingerol for resisting motion sickness may be related to its impact on the transcriptions and expressions of V2R and TRPV4 in inner ear，and then on the AQP2 expression.

Objective:To investigate the effect of rotational stimulation on the expression and distribution of α-ENaC in different areas of the inner ears of rats.Methods:With immunohistochemistry staining，the expressions of α-ENaC in different areas of the inner ears of the Sprague-Dawley rats after rotational stimulation were observed.Results:After rotational stimulation，the expressions of α-ENaC in the stria vascularis，the spiral ganglion neurons，peripheral satellite cells，the epithelial and stromal cells of the macula utriculi，the vestibular ganglion neurons of rats were increased，while the distributions of α-ENaC in epithelial and stromal cells of the crista ampullaris were decreased. Moreover，in the spiral ligament，Reissner’s membrane，the epithelial and stromal cells of the macula sacculi，and the epithelial cells of the semicircular canal，the distributions of α-ENaC of the observation group were similar to the control group.Conclusion:The α-ENaC were widely expressed in the inner ears，and the changes of its expression varied among different areas in the inner ears of rats after rotation. Thus，ENaC may be involved in the development of motion sickness through regulating the endolymph balance and vestibular sensation of the inner ears.

Objective To investigate the rebleeding rate after endoscopic selective variceal devascularization (ESVD) and the predictive factors for rebleeding in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). Methods The patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and EVB who attended Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October 2010 to December 2019 and underwent ESVD for the first time were enrolled, and a total of 442 patients were screened out based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Routine clinical indices, laboratory markers, imaging findings, and endoscopic findings were compared between patients, and the patients were followed up to observe rebleeding. The t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe rebleeding and survival status, and a Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for variceal rebleeding. Results The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year cumulative rebleeding rates after first ESVD treatment were 25.11%, 33.94%, 39.82%, 42.08%, and 45.02%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that age, systolic pressure, duration of antiviral therapy ≥1 year, ascites, white blood cell count, neutrophil, and direct bilirubin were associated with rebleeding (all P < 0.05), and the multivariate analysis showed that duration of antiviral therapy ≥1 year (hazard ratio [ HR ]=0.504, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 0.357-0.711, P < 0.001) and ascites ( HR =1.424, 95% CI : 1.184-1.714, P < 0.001) were independent influencing factors for variceal rebleeding. Conclusion ESVD has a low rebleeding rate in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis with EVB, and presence of ascites and a short duration of antiviral therapy are independent risk factors for rebleeding after treatment.

Objective:To investigate the association between choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the LIPC gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a Chinese Han population from Shantou. Methods:A case-control study was designed.Two hundred and twenty-one patients with CNV who visited Shantou International Eye Center from January 2010 to December 2016 were enrolled and served as the CNV group, and 430 healthy volunteers matched in age and gender were enrolled and served as the normal control group.Each of 5 ml fasting peripheral blood of the subjects was extracted, and peripheral blood DNA was extracted after anticoagulation.PCR amplification was conducted on SNP loci of LIPC gene including rs10468017, rs920915 and rs2070895.After purification, genotyping was performed on the above SNP loci using the single base extension (SNaPshot) method.Hardy-weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test was used to determine the genotype frequency of the three SNPs of LIPC gene.The gene frequency and genotype frequency of the 3 loci between the CNV group and normal control group were compared.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the study cohort.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong (No.11-004). Results:The genotype frequency distribution of rs10468017, rs920915 and rs2070895 of the three SNPs of LIPC gene reached genetic balance in the total samples ( P>0.05). The genotype frequencies of rs10468017 TT genotype, rs920915 CC genotype and rs2070895 AA genotype in CNV group were 3.62%, 5.43% and 12.22%, respectively, while those of normal control group were 2.56%, 5.58% and 14.19%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (all at P>0.05). The minimum allele (T) frequency of rs10468017 was 18.1% and 17.2%, the minimum allele (C) frequency of rs920915 was 21.7% and 23.1%, and the minimum allele (A) frequency of rs2070895 was 33.7% and 38.7% in the CNV group and the normal control group, respectively (all at P>0.05). The odd ratio ( OR) values (95%confidence interval [ CI]) of rs10468017, rs920915 and rs2070895 in the CNV group and the normal control group were 1.06 (0.79-1.44), 0.92 (0.70-1.21) and 0.80 (0.63-1.02), respectively. Conclusions:The results from the present study do not indicate the association of LIPC SNPs (rsl0468017, rs920915 and rs2070895) with CNV in the Shantou Han population.

On January 22, 2020, China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB) released the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR), an open-access information resource for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2019nCoVR features a comprehensive integra-tion of sequence and clinical information for all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 isolates, which are manually curated with value-added annotations and quality evaluated by an automated in-house pipeline. Of particular note, 2019nCoVR offers systematic analyses to generate a dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variations at a global scale. It provides all identified variants and their detailed statistics for each virus isolate, and congregates the quality score, functional annotation,and population frequency for each variant. Spatiotemporal change for each variant can be visualized and historical viral haplotype network maps for the course of the outbreak are also generated based on all complete and high-quality genomes available. Moreover, 2019nCoVR provides a full collection of SARS-CoV-2 relevant literature on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including published papers from PubMed as well as preprints from services such as bioRxiv and medRxiv through Europe PMC. Furthermore, by linking with relevant databases in CNCB, 2019nCoVR offers data submission services for raw sequence reads and assembled genomes, and data sharing with NCBI. Collectively, SARS-CoV-2 is updated daily to collect the latest information on genome sequences, variants, hap-lotypes, and literature for a timely reflection, making 2019nCoVR a valuable resource for the global research community. 2019nCoVR is accessible at https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/.