Objective To understand mosquito density, species composition, and seasonal variations around the Beijing Capital International Airport(BCIA)and provide scientific evidence for mosquito-borne disease prevention and control. Methods Meteorological data were collected from 2016 to 2022, and mosquito density was monitored at seven surveillance sites around the BCIA from May to October each year using CO2-baited mosquito traps to analyze the relationship between mosquito density and meteorological factors. Results In total,68 518 female mosquitoes were captured, with a mosquito density of 10.20 per light · hour. The dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens(73.90%), followed by Aedes albopictus(9.71%)and Ae. vexans(9.29%);the mosquito density was highest in 2016(14.8 per light·hour)and lowest in 2022(4.46 per light·hour). Significant statistical differences were observed in mosquito density among different species(F=18.118, P<0.05). The density of Cx. pipiens pallens and other mosquito species showed a mutually exclusive trend; the peak of mosquito density varied based on years and habitats, with significant statistical differences in mosquito density among different habitats(F=8.504, P<0.05). The highest mosquito density was observed near the Wenyu River(21.50 per light·hour), whereas the lowest was recorded at the BCIA construction site(2.44 per light· hour). The monthly average temperature(r=0.595), monthly average highest temperature(r=0.575), and monthly average lowest temperature(r=0.624)showed moderate positive correlations, whereas the monthly average air pressure(r=-0.484)showed a moderate negative correlation. The monthly average minimum temperature was included in the regression model(F=25.575, P<0.000), and the equation Y=1.029X4-8.181 was used. The monthly average air pressure 2 months prior(b=-2.418, β=-1.619, P<0.05)and the monthly average relative humidity(b=-0.739, β=-1.201, P<0.05)significantly negatively predicted the mosquito density. Notably, the regression equation used was y=2526.170+(-2.418)X9+(-0.739)X13. The exposure-response analysis revealed that the density of mosquitoes was not linearly related to the average monthly air pressure, rainfall, and duration of sunshine. Conclusions The dominant mosquito species around the BCIA was Cx. pipiens pallens, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. vexans. During the control of Cx. pipiens pallens, the impact on other mosquito species must also be considered. Environmental management, breeding sites, and scientific use of pesticides should be prioritized based on the activity periods of mosquitoes. Further studies on mosquitoes and meteorological factors should be conducted to provide references and novel avenues for mosquito control.

The engineering application of microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)is limited by pH-dependent conformational dynamics of urease.Focusing on the α-subunit urease from Sporosarcina pasteurii,this study integrated conductivity experiments and constant-pH molecular dynamics simulations to analyze active site conformational dynamics and catalytic function across pH 3-11.Results showed that under neutral conditions(pH 7-8),key histidine residues(HIS139/HIS249)exhibited minimal dis-placement(＜0.5 ?),the longest hydrogen bond lifetime(＞8 ps),highest conformational stability(root mean square deviation,RMSD:0.15-0.18 nm),and optimal catalytic activity(conductivity change rate:0.03 mS/cm·min-1,CaCO3 precipitation:3.84 g).Extreme pH(pH 3/11)induced structural collapse(displacement up to 1.8 ?)and complete activity loss.Simulations revealed that neutral pH sta-bilizes a protonation-dependent cooperative allosteric network by maintaining active site cavity volume(～120 ?3)and moderate conformational coherence(correlation coefficient～0.8).This work deciphers the molecular mechanism of pH-regulated urease dynamics through protonation states,providing theoreti-cal support for MICP applications in acidic mine tailing remediation and alkaline soil stabilization.

Objective To investigate levels of soluble T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 3(sTim-3)and soluble growth stimulating gene expression protein 2(sST2)in peripheral blood of patients with alcoholic liver disease(ALD),and their correlation with disease severity.Methods A total of 112 ALD patients in our hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the ALD group,including 47 patients with alcoholic fatty liver(AFL group),37 patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis(ASH group)and 28 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC group).Another 112 healthy subjects were used as the control group.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of sTim-3 and sST2.ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of sTim-3 and sST2 in different clinical types of ALD.The correlation between serum sTim-3,sST2 levels and clinical indicators in ALD patients was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.The factors influencing disease severity in ALD patients was analyzed by Logistic regression model.Results The serum levels of sTim-3 and sST2 were higher in the ALD group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of sTim-3 and sST2 were increased successively in the AFL group,the ASH group and the ALC group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the combined diagnosis of ALC and ASH by sTim-3 and sST2 was significantly larger than that of AUC of the single diagnosis of sTim-3 and sST2(P＜0.05).Levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)were increased successively in the AFL group,the ASH group and the ALC group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of sTim-3 and sST2 were positively correlated with levels of ALT,AST,TBIL,ALP and GGT,respectively(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of sTim-3 and sST2 were independent risk factors for severe disease in ALD patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of sTim-3 and sST2 increase in ALD patients,which are related to disease severity in ALD patients.

Objective To investigate the cerebro protective effect of pre-filled sivelestat sodium during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)in patients with valve replacement surgery.Methods From January 2022 to December 2023,104 patients were included and randomly divided into experimental group(n=54)and control group(n=50).The sivelestat sodium 4.8mg/kg was mixed to the pre-filled solutions for CPB in experimental group,while an equal amount of physiological saline solution was mixed in control group.Internal jugular venous blood was collected 5 minutes after anesthesia induction and 10 minutes,4 hours,24 hours,and 72 hours after the aortic cross-clamp was released to detect plasma S-100 protein and interleukin(IL)-6 concentrations.Data on operation time,CPB time,mean arterial pressure,and hematocrit were also recorded.Results There were no statistical differences in operation time,CPB time,assisted circulation time,mean arterial pressure,and hematocrit between two groups(P＞0.05).After anesthesia,there were no significant differences in S-100 protein and IL-6 between two groups(P＞0.05).After,the plasma concentrations of S-100 protein and IL-6 increased in both groups,but the concentrations of S-100 protein and IL-6 in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group at early stages(10 minutes,4 hours,24 hours)after the aortic cross-clamp was released(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sivelestat sodium,as a cerebro protective drug in CPB heart surgery,can reduce the levels of S-100 protein and IL-6,demonstrating a protective effect on central nervous cells.

Objective To investigate levels of soluble T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 3(sTim-3)and soluble growth stimulating gene expression protein 2(sST2)in peripheral blood of patients with alcoholic liver disease(ALD),and their correlation with disease severity.Methods A total of 112 ALD patients in our hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the ALD group,including 47 patients with alcoholic fatty liver(AFL group),37 patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis(ASH group)and 28 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC group).Another 112 healthy subjects were used as the control group.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of sTim-3 and sST2.ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of sTim-3 and sST2 in different clinical types of ALD.The correlation between serum sTim-3,sST2 levels and clinical indicators in ALD patients was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.The factors influencing disease severity in ALD patients was analyzed by Logistic regression model.Results The serum levels of sTim-3 and sST2 were higher in the ALD group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of sTim-3 and sST2 were increased successively in the AFL group,the ASH group and the ALC group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the combined diagnosis of ALC and ASH by sTim-3 and sST2 was significantly larger than that of AUC of the single diagnosis of sTim-3 and sST2(P＜0.05).Levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)were increased successively in the AFL group,the ASH group and the ALC group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of sTim-3 and sST2 were positively correlated with levels of ALT,AST,TBIL,ALP and GGT,respectively(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of sTim-3 and sST2 were independent risk factors for severe disease in ALD patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of sTim-3 and sST2 increase in ALD patients,which are related to disease severity in ALD patients.

Objective To investigate the cerebro protective effect of pre-filled sivelestat sodium during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)in patients with valve replacement surgery.Methods From January 2022 to December 2023,104 patients were included and randomly divided into experimental group(n=54)and control group(n=50).The sivelestat sodium 4.8mg/kg was mixed to the pre-filled solutions for CPB in experimental group,while an equal amount of physiological saline solution was mixed in control group.Internal jugular venous blood was collected 5 minutes after anesthesia induction and 10 minutes,4 hours,24 hours,and 72 hours after the aortic cross-clamp was released to detect plasma S-100 protein and interleukin(IL)-6 concentrations.Data on operation time,CPB time,mean arterial pressure,and hematocrit were also recorded.Results There were no statistical differences in operation time,CPB time,assisted circulation time,mean arterial pressure,and hematocrit between two groups(P＞0.05).After anesthesia,there were no significant differences in S-100 protein and IL-6 between two groups(P＞0.05).After,the plasma concentrations of S-100 protein and IL-6 increased in both groups,but the concentrations of S-100 protein and IL-6 in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group at early stages(10 minutes,4 hours,24 hours)after the aortic cross-clamp was released(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sivelestat sodium,as a cerebro protective drug in CPB heart surgery,can reduce the levels of S-100 protein and IL-6,demonstrating a protective effect on central nervous cells.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of Maxing Loushi decoction in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） with phlegm turbidity obstructing lung syndrome， and to investigate its effects on inflammatory factors， immune function， and the programmed death-1（PD-1）/programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-L1） signaling pathway. MethodsA randomized controlled study was conducted， enrolling 90 hospitalized patients with AECOPD and phlegm turbidity obstructing lung syndrome in the Respiratory and Emergency Departments of Dongzhimen Hospital， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， from April 2024 to December 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an observation group using a random number table， with 45 patients in each group. The control group received conventional Western medical treatment， while the observation group received additional Maxing Loushi decoction for 14 days. Clinical efficacy， COPD Assessment Test （CAT） score， modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale （mMRC）， 6-minute walk test （6MWT）， serum inflammatory factors， T lymphocyte subsets， and serum PD-1/PD-L1 levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. ResultsThe total clinical effective rate was 78.57% （33/42） in the control group and 95.35% （41/43） in the observation group， with the observation group showing significantly higher efficacy than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant （χ² = 5.136， P<0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed significant reductions in CAT and mMRC scores （P<0.05， P<0.01） and significant increases in 6MWT compared to baseline （P<0.01）. The observation group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in this regard. Levels of inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein （CRP）， procalcitonin （PCT）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， monocyte chemoattractant protein-1（MCP-1）， and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α （MIP-1α） were significantly reduced in both groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with greater reductions in the observation group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. CD8⁺ levels were significantly reduced （P<0.01）， while CD3⁺， CD4⁺， and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ levels were significantly increased in both groups after treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with more significant improvements observed in the observation group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum PD-1 levels were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and PD-L1 levels were increased significantly in both groups after treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with more pronounced changes in the observation group （P<0.05）. ConclusionMaxing Loushi decoction demonstrates definite therapeutic efficacy as an adjunctive treatment for patients with AECOPD and phlegm turbidity obstructing lung syndrome. It contributes to reducing serum inflammatory factors， improving immune function， and regulating the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of Maxing Loushi decoction in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） with phlegm turbidity obstructing lung syndrome， and to investigate its effects on inflammatory factors， immune function， and the programmed death-1（PD-1）/programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-L1） signaling pathway. MethodsA randomized controlled study was conducted， enrolling 90 hospitalized patients with AECOPD and phlegm turbidity obstructing lung syndrome in the Respiratory and Emergency Departments of Dongzhimen Hospital， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， from April 2024 to December 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an observation group using a random number table， with 45 patients in each group. The control group received conventional Western medical treatment， while the observation group received additional Maxing Loushi decoction for 14 days. Clinical efficacy， COPD Assessment Test （CAT） score， modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale （mMRC）， 6-minute walk test （6MWT）， serum inflammatory factors， T lymphocyte subsets， and serum PD-1/PD-L1 levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. ResultsThe total clinical effective rate was 78.57% （33/42） in the control group and 95.35% （41/43） in the observation group， with the observation group showing significantly higher efficacy than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant （χ² = 5.136， P<0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed significant reductions in CAT and mMRC scores （P<0.05， P<0.01） and significant increases in 6MWT compared to baseline （P<0.01）. The observation group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in this regard. Levels of inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein （CRP）， procalcitonin （PCT）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， monocyte chemoattractant protein-1（MCP-1）， and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α （MIP-1α） were significantly reduced in both groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with greater reductions in the observation group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. CD8⁺ levels were significantly reduced （P<0.01）， while CD3⁺， CD4⁺， and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ levels were significantly increased in both groups after treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with more significant improvements observed in the observation group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum PD-1 levels were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and PD-L1 levels were increased significantly in both groups after treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with more pronounced changes in the observation group （P<0.05）. ConclusionMaxing Loushi decoction demonstrates definite therapeutic efficacy as an adjunctive treatment for patients with AECOPD and phlegm turbidity obstructing lung syndrome. It contributes to reducing serum inflammatory factors， improving immune function， and regulating the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.

Objective To understand the implementation status of"Diagnosis of Ascariasis"(WS/T 565-2017)and provide a scientific basis for promoting,revising,and improving the Standard.Methods Using the convenient sampling method,the investigation targeted professional and technical personnel at the provincial,city,county,and township levels engaged in parasitic disease prevention,control,or diagnosis and treatment in Anhui and Sichuan provinces.No less than 150 individuals were included in each province.The implementation survey of Diagnosis of Ascariasis(WS/T 565-2017)was conducted by the subjects completing a questionnaire by themselves.Results The response rate to the questionnaire was 91.90%(386/420).The awareness and utilization rates of the Standard were 81.87%and 49.22%,respectively and both increased with age(χ2 trend=7.977 and 19.016,respectively,P＜0.01).Respondents with college degrees(90.72%)had a higher awareness rate(χ2=8.619,P＜0.05).In terms of utilization rate,males(58.38%),those with college degrees(67.01%),staff members of provincial-level units(77.78%),and personnel in medical institutions(71.43%)had higher utilization rates(χ2=13.486,17.166,8.426,and 5.956,respectively,all P＜0.05).The survey indicated that 57.77%of the work units of respondents have conducted promotional activities,and 53.89%of the work units of respondents have sent personnel to participate in training.Moreover,this proportion tended to increase as the unit level decreased(χ2 trend=9.403 and 14.729,P＜0.01).The level of participation in publicity and training by medical institutions(89.29%)was significantly higher than that of disease control institutions(55.31%and 51.12%,respectively,χ2=12.290 and 15.225,P＜0.01).Furthermore,training participation is a crucial factor in enhancing awareness rates.A total of 368 respondents(95.34%)reported that their work units have conducted testing for ascariasis.Additionally,378 individuals(97.92%)believe that the Standard is"applicable"or"basically applicable,"while 369(95.60%)felt that no revisions were needed.Conclusions The results indicated that"Diagnosis of Ascariasis"(WS/T 565-2017)remains applicable to the diagnostic needs of ascariasis and it is recommended to strengthen its promotion and implementation.