When inflammation is continuously activated or dysregulated， it can induce chronic tissue injury and organ dysfunction， and participate in the occurrence and development of various inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Owing to high targeting， long-acting efficacy and programmability， nucleic acid drugs provide a new direction for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This article reviews the classification， mechanism of action and application progress of nucleic acid drugs in inflammatory diseases. It is found that small interfering RNA （siRNA） can specifically cut target mRNA through RNA interference to achieve inhibiting the expression of the target protein； antisense oligonucleotide （ASO） can inhibit target protein expression by inducing microRNA （miRNA） degradation or regulating splicing processes； miRNA can achieve network intervention by regulating multiple inflammatory target genes. At present， important breakthroughs have been made in the field of inflammatory diseases with siRNA drugs including Lumasiran， Nedosiran （for primary hyperoxaluria 1） and Inclisiran （for atherosclerosis）， ASO drugs including Donidalorsen （for hereditary angioedema）， Volanesorsen and Olezarsen （for familial chylomicronemia syndrome） and Lademirsen （for Alport syndrome）， as well as miRNA drugs including Obefazimod （for inflammatory bowel disease） and Remlarsen （for pathological fibrosis）. These drugs are expected to become a new generation of anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies and bring more precise and efficient treatment options for patients with chronic inflammation and fibrotic diseases.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of children with phenylketonuria (PKU) in Gansu, China, providing foundational data for intervention strategies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1 159 PKU families who attended Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital from January 2012 to December 2024. Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, whole exome sequencing, and deep intronic variant analysis were used to analyze the PAH gene. RESULTS: For the 1 159 children with PKU, 2 295 variants were identified in 2 318 alleles, resulting in a detection rate of 99.01%. The detection rates were 100% (914/914) in 457 classic PKU families, 99.45% (907/912) in 456 mild PKU families, and 96.34% (474/492) in 246 mild hyperphenylalaninemia families. The 2 295 variants detected comprised 208 distinct mutation types, among which c.728G>A (14.95%, 343/2 295) had the highest frequency, followed by c.611A>G (4.88%, 112/2 295) and c.721C>T (4.79%, 110/2 295). The cumulative frequency of the top 23 hotspot variants reached 70.28% (1 613/2 295), and most variant alleles were detected in exon 7 (29.19%, 670/2 295). CONCLUSIONS Deep intronic variant analysis of the PAH gene can improve the genetic diagnostic rate of PKU. The development of targeted detection kits for PAH hotspot variants may enable precision screening programs and enhance preventive strategies for PKU.
Humans ; Phenylketonurias/epidemiology* ; Female ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase/genetics* ; Mutation ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Child ; Infant

This study predicts the quality markers(Q-markers) for the cough-relieving and phlegm-expelling effects of Kening Granules based on pharmacodynamics, plasma drug chemistry, network pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Strong ammonia solution spray and phenol red secretion assays were employed to evaluate the cough-relieving and phlegm-expelling effects of Kening Granules. Twentysix absorbed prototype components of Kening Granules were identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with QExactive Plus quadrupole/Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap HRMS). Through network pharmacology, 11 potential active components were screened out for the cough-relieving and phlegm-expelling effects of Kening Granules. The 11 components acted on 40 common targets such as IL6, TLR4, and STAT3, which mainly participated in PI3K/Akt, HIF-1, and EGFR signaling pathways. Pharmacokinetic quantitative analysis was performed for 7 prototype components. Three compounds including azelaic acid, caffeic acid, and vanillin were identified as Q-markers for the cough-relieving and phlegm-expelling effects of Kening Granules based on their effectiveness, transmissibility, and measurability. The results of this study are of great significance for clarifying the pharmacological substance basis, optimizing the quality standards, and promoting the clinical application of Kening Granules.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Network Pharmacology ; Cough/blood* ; Male ; Humans ; Animals ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Quality Control ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Antitussive Agents/chemistry*

This paper summarizes the progress of theoretical research and practice of One Health in China,and discusses the paradigm of One Health governance to improve the prevention and control of infectious diseases in China and the world,and provide an example for the improvement of the public health system.In particular,China has long history to apply the concept of One Health in the national schistosomiasis control programmes and patriotic health campaigns,which were not only focusing on human health,but also emphasizing the sustainable development of animal health and ecological environment.At the same time,the application of tools such as system dynamics model,eDNA technology,One Health economic assessment and global One Health index(GOHI)in the field of disease control and environmental health provides technical support for the concept of One Health.Despite the challenges of practical application of these tools,the One Health concept will play a greater role in providing sustainable solutions for human-animal-environmental health by strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration,improving standardization protocols and promoting inter-national cooperation.

Aim To explore the mechanism of Cong Rong San on AD model rats based on protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α)-nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Cong Rong San groups(4.62,9.24,18.48 g·kg-1)and donepezil group,with 10 mice in each group.All groups of rats received bilateral hippocampal injections of Aβ1-42 to establish the AD model,except the normal group.After the intragastric administration,the Morris water maze behavior test was performed for rats to test-ed the learning and memory abilities.Nissl staining was detected the quantity and Nissl bodies of nerve cells.To detect the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by immu-nofluorescence.To observe the ultrastructure of endo-plasmic reticulum by Transmission electron microsco-py.ELISA for Aβ1-42 and inflammatory cytokines quantification.Western blot was used to detect the ex-pression level of protein in the hippocampus in PERK-eIF2α-NF-κB signaling pathway.Results The morris water maze results showed that Cong Rong San im-proved the escape latency time,increased the number of platform crossings,and prolonged the time spent in the target quadrant in AD rats.(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Nissl staining shows the neuronal cells are ar-ranged neatly,nucleus are present and the number of Nissl bodies was numerous and the number of neurons was increased in various doses of Cong Rong San.Im-munofluorescence showed that the expression of NF-κB in the nucleus of rats was decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The shape of endoplasmic reticulum was neat,no significantly expanded,and the structure was normal in various doses of Cong Rong San.The levels of Aβ1-42,IL-1,TNF-α and the ratio of p-PERK/PERK,p-eIF2α/eIF2α,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in hippo-campus of Cong Rong San group was significantly de-creased in ELISA and Western blot test(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Cong Rong San can alleviates the immune inflammatory response of neuronal cells in the ERS state for improve the learning and memory a-bility of AD rats,the mechanism of action may through restraint the activation of PERK-eIF2α-NF-κB signa-ling pathway.

Stent entrapment is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention.In recent years,with the development of distal radial artery puncture technology,the rare complications related to distal radial artery have been gradually understood.This article describes a patient who underwent coronary intervention through a distal radial approach,and the stent was dislodged and trapped in the far radial artery.The patient came to our hospital for stent implantation because of acute extensive anterolateral myocardial infarction.During the intervention,the balloon could not be filled when the stent was released from the left anterior descending artery,and the retracting stent could not be used to remove the guide catheter.The stent was dislodged and embedded in the distal vessel.The sheath was inserted through the proximal radial reverse puncture,and the stent was captured with a snare and removed.

Stent entrapment is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary intervention.In recent years,with the development of distal radial artery puncture technology,the rare complications related to distal radial artery have been gradually understood.This article describes a patient who underwent coronary intervention through a distal radial approach,and the stent was dislodged and trapped in the far radial artery.The patient came to our hospital for stent implantation because of acute extensive anterolateral myocardial infarction.During the intervention,the balloon could not be filled when the stent was released from the left anterior descending artery,and the retracting stent could not be used to remove the guide catheter.The stent was dislodged and embedded in the distal vessel.The sheath was inserted through the proximal radial reverse puncture,and the stent was captured with a snare and removed.

This paper summarizes the progress of theoretical research and practice of One Health in China,and discusses the paradigm of One Health governance to improve the prevention and control of infectious diseases in China and the world,and provide an example for the improvement of the public health system.In particular,China has long history to apply the concept of One Health in the national schistosomiasis control programmes and patriotic health campaigns,which were not only focusing on human health,but also emphasizing the sustainable development of animal health and ecological environment.At the same time,the application of tools such as system dynamics model,eDNA technology,One Health economic assessment and global One Health index(GOHI)in the field of disease control and environmental health provides technical support for the concept of One Health.Despite the challenges of practical application of these tools,the One Health concept will play a greater role in providing sustainable solutions for human-animal-environmental health by strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration,improving standardization protocols and promoting inter-national cooperation.

Aim To explore the mechanism of Cong Rong San on AD model rats based on protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α)-nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Cong Rong San groups(4.62,9.24,18.48 g·kg-1)and donepezil group,with 10 mice in each group.All groups of rats received bilateral hippocampal injections of Aβ1-42 to establish the AD model,except the normal group.After the intragastric administration,the Morris water maze behavior test was performed for rats to test-ed the learning and memory abilities.Nissl staining was detected the quantity and Nissl bodies of nerve cells.To detect the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by immu-nofluorescence.To observe the ultrastructure of endo-plasmic reticulum by Transmission electron microsco-py.ELISA for Aβ1-42 and inflammatory cytokines quantification.Western blot was used to detect the ex-pression level of protein in the hippocampus in PERK-eIF2α-NF-κB signaling pathway.Results The morris water maze results showed that Cong Rong San im-proved the escape latency time,increased the number of platform crossings,and prolonged the time spent in the target quadrant in AD rats.(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Nissl staining shows the neuronal cells are ar-ranged neatly,nucleus are present and the number of Nissl bodies was numerous and the number of neurons was increased in various doses of Cong Rong San.Im-munofluorescence showed that the expression of NF-κB in the nucleus of rats was decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The shape of endoplasmic reticulum was neat,no significantly expanded,and the structure was normal in various doses of Cong Rong San.The levels of Aβ1-42,IL-1,TNF-α and the ratio of p-PERK/PERK,p-eIF2α/eIF2α,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in hippo-campus of Cong Rong San group was significantly de-creased in ELISA and Western blot test(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Cong Rong San can alleviates the immune inflammatory response of neuronal cells in the ERS state for improve the learning and memory a-bility of AD rats,the mechanism of action may through restraint the activation of PERK-eIF2α-NF-κB signa-ling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the cytologic characteristics fine-needle aspiration using histology as the gold standard and to evaluate its diagnostic application in classic Hodgkin lymphoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 17 patients who underwent both coarse-needle aspiration and fine-needle aspiration and were histologically confirmed with classic Hodgkin lymphoma(CHL)at our hospital from December 2012 to December 2023.Clinical information of these patients was collected,and the smear morphology,immunocytochemistry and corresponding biopsies were reviewed.Results:Among the 17 cases of CHL,there were 5 cases of mixed cellularity,10 cases of nodular sclerosis and 2 cases were unsubtyped.Fifteen cases were correctly diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration,with an accuracy rate of 88.2％.The other two cases were misdiagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Morphologically single dispersed mononuclear Hodgkin cells and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells were observed in a heterogenous background of lymphocytes in cytology smears,and these cells were positive for CD30 immunocytochemistry.Conclusion:Fine needle aspiration is less invasive and quicker,and the cell morphology is better preserved as compared to histological biopsy.It is easier to recognize pathognomonic Hodgkin or Reed-Sternberg cells and it is helpful for the rapid diagnosis and clinical management of CHL.