Objective: To analyze the relationship between 24 h movement behaviors and cognitive function in children and adolescents, as well as the isotemporal substitution benefits, in order to provide a basis for developing cognitive development intervention strategies among children and adolescents. Methods: Relevant studies were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from their inception to November 30, 2024. Systematic evaluation was performed after document screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Results: A total of 24 highquality studies were included, comprising 35 295 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years. Adhering to the 24 h activity guidelines was associated with better cognitive performance (19 studies). Additionally, substituting 5-30 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or sleep (SLP) for sedentary behavior (SB) or light physical activity (LPA) were associated with improvements in cognitive function (7 studies). There were inconsistencies in the effects of different types of SB (learning or entertainment) on cognitive function. Conclusions Adherence to the 24 h activity guidelines supports cognitive development in children and adolescents, with MVPA and SLP as key intervention targets. Increasing the proportion of MVPA, ensuring adequate SLP, and limiting recreational SB and screen time might be helpful to enhance the combined benefits of these three behaviors.

ObjectiveTo assess the availability of bronchodilators for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in community health service centers (CHCs) in Shanghai. MethodsOn the basis of previous research, the questionnaire was updated, and surveys were conducted from April to May 2023 in CHCs in Shanghai, with a focus on the availability of medications for COPD treatment. According to the National Basic Medical Insurance, Work Injury Insurance, and Maternity Insurance Drug List (2023 Edition), a total of 24 types of bronchodilators for COPD treatment were identified. The availability rates were used to assess the accessibility of specific drugs in CHCs, and the dispensing rates were used to evaluate the variety of these medications in CHCs. ResultsA total of 248 CHCs responded, with a response rate of 100.0%. Among them, a total of 232 CHCs (93.5%) were equipped with bronchodilators. In terms of availability rates, the availability rates for β₂ adrenoreceptor agonists, muscarinic antagonists, combination drugs, and xanthines drugs were 86.3%, 52.0%, 52.4%, and 85.1%, respectively. Regional differences were observed, in that salbutamol/levalbuterol and budesonide-formoterol were less available in suburban CHCs, ipratropium bromide had lower availability in urban CHCs, and aminophylline was more available in suburban CHCs. Regarding the dispensing rates of the 24 types of bronchodilators for COPD treatment, the median of types equipped by CHCs was 5, with a total of 200 CHCs (80.6%) equipped with fewer than 7 types of bronchodilator drugs. ConclusionThe proportion of CHCs in Shanghai equipped with bronchodilators for COPD is relatively high. However, there exist problems such as limited variety of stocked medications, significant differences in the availability of different drugs, and regional imbalances in drug stocking. To improve the standardized diagnosis, treatment, and management of COPD patients, it is recommended to enhance the availability of COPD treatment medications in CHCs.

ObjectiveTo investigate the content of trihalomethanes (THMs) in treated water after different water treatment processes and their correlations with premanganate index, so as to provide data support for the renovation of water production process and optimization of water quality improvement. MethodsFrom 2022 to 2023, seven centralized water supply units using raw water from Qingcaosha reservoir were selected as the testing sites, among which three units with the conventional treatment process, two units with the advanced treatment process, and two units with the advanced treatment process combined CO₂ treatment. Monthly water quality testing data were collected, focusing on testing the concentration variations of THMs, trichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane, bromoform, and permanganate index. ResultsThe comparison between conventional treatment process and advanced treatment process demonstrated that the conventional treatment process exhibited significantly higher concentrations of trihalomethanes, trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and permanganate index in water samples (all P<0.05). When comparing conventional treatment process with advanced treatment process combined with carbon dioxide treatment, the conventional treatment process showed significantly elevated levels of trihalomethanes, dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and permanganate index (all P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the comparison of various indicators between advanced treatment process and advanced treatment process combined with carbon dioxide treatment for any of the measured parameters (all P>0.05). Analysis of seasonal variations revealed that finished water during the high-temperature period (May to November) contained significantly higher concentrations of trihalomethanes, trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and tribromomethane compared to the low-temperature period (December to April of the following year) (all P<0.05). Significant positive correlations were identified between permanganate index and trihalomethanes (r=0.213, P=0.007), permanganate index and dibromochloromethane (r=0.186, P=0.019), permanganate index and bromodichloromethane (r=0.243, P=0.002), permanganate index and tribromomethane (r=0.193, P=0.014). ConclusionCompared to the conventional water treatment process, advanced treatment process and advanced treatment combined with CO₂ injection process can significantly reduce the concentrations of THMs in the treated effluent water. Besides, the generation of THMs is affected by seasonal temperatures, with higher concentrations of THMs, trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and bromoform being observed in the high-temperature season. Additionally, the permanganate index shows a significant positive correlation with THMs concentrations, indicating that the content of organic matter in the source of raw water contributes to the generation of THMs in the treated water.

Aim To study the permeability of salidro-side(Sal)to the blood brain barrier(BBB)by high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ioniza-tion tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-MS-MS),and to explore the target and mechanism of Sal in the treatment of ischemic stroke(IS)by network pharma-cology,molecular docking technique and animal exper-iment.Methods UPLC-ESI-MS/MS was used to study the BBB penetration of Sal.Multiple databases were used to predict the target of Sal and the disease target of IS,GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed and verified by molecular docking technique and animal experiments.Results After Sal adminis-tration to normal rats and MCAO rats,Sal prototype and the metabolite tyrosol were detected in plasma and brain tissue of rats.A total of 191 targets were identi-fied by network pharmacology,the enrichment analysis of GO mainly involved in the biological processes of proteolysis and positive regulation of cell migration,and the analysis of KEGG pathway suggested that PI3K-Akt,MAPK,FOXO and other signaling path-ways played a key role in the treatment of IS by Sal The results of molecular docking showed that Sal had good binding ability with the core target of docking,and the results of animal experiments showed that Sal could significantly improve the neurologic impairment of MCAO rats,the number of Nissl-positive cells in is-chemic side significantly increased,and the expression of VEGF,EGFR and IGF1 increased,while the ex-pression of IL-6 and MMP9 was inhibited.Conclu-sions Sal is able to penetrate the BBB and enter the central nervous system for its pharmacological effects.Network pharmacology predicts the core targets of Sal in the treatment of IS,including VEGFA,EGFR,IL-6,MMP9,IGF1,CASP3,ALB,SRC.The effects of Sal on some core targets can be verified by animal ex-periments,to provide a reference for further study of the mechanism of Sal in the treatment of IS.

Aim To study the effect of salidroside combined with rosavin on ischemic stroke in rats.Methods The model of MCAO was established by u-sing thread-embolic method.The rats were divided into the sham group,MCAO group,salidroside combined with rosavin group,positive control group,and the drug was given continuously for seven days.The infarct volume was measured by MRI and neurological deficit score was evaluated by Zea-Longa.The levels of Ne-uN,BDNF,TGF-β1,p-Smad were observed by West-ern blot and immunofluorescence staining.The expres-sions of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 were performed by RT-qPCR/ELISA.The primary cortical neurons were isolated,OGD/R inducted,divided into the normal group,OGD/R group,salidroside combined with rosa-vin group,and TGF-β1 inhibitor+salidroside com-bined with rosavin group,the drug was given for 24 hours,and the expressions of NeuN,BDNF,IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 were measured.Results Salidroside combined with rosavin could decrease the infarct vol-ume,improve the neurological function,promote the levels of Neun,BDNF,TGF-β1,p-Smad,and inhibit the expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6.Salidroside combined with rosavin could promote NeuN,BDNF,inhibit IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6 in primary nerve cells in-duced by OGD/R,and these effects were blocked by TGF-β1 inhibitor.Conclusions Salidroside combined with rosavin has neuroprotective effects on MCAO rats,and primary neurons are induced by OGD/R,and these effects are closely related to the TGF-β pathway.

Objective To explore accuracy and clinical effect of robot-assisted implantation of sacroiliac penetrating screw in orthopedic surgery for posterior pelvic ring fracture.Methods The clinical data of 24 patients with posterior pelvic ring frac-ture treated with robot-assisted sacroiliac penetration screws from August 2022 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,including 10 males and 14 females;aged from 21 to 73 years old with an average of(49.29±14.48)years old;according to Tile pelvic fractures,13 patients were type B and 11 were type C.The effect of screw placement was evaluated according to Gras criteria based on postoperative CT scan results.At the final follow-up,fracture healing was evaluated according to Matta score,and functional recovery was evaluated by Majeed score.Results All patients were followed up for 3 to 13 months with an aver-age of(6.00±3.28)months.Totally 36 sacroiliac penetrating screws,18 S1 penetrating screws,18 S2 penetrating screws were inserted,a total of 29 were excellent and 7 good according to Gras standard.Screw adjustment times was 0.00(0.00,0.75)times.At the final follow-up,Matta score was excellent in 18 patients,5 good and 1 moderate,and the maximum displacement distance was 2.55(0.00,5.65)mm.Majeed score was 84.37±8.38,15 patients were excellent,7 good and 2 moderate.Con-clusion Robot could accurately and safely assist in the placement of sacroiliac joint screws for the treatment of posterior pelvic ring fractures,and promote postoperative functional recovery of patients.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the composition characteristics and problems of basic medical insurance policies for traditional Chinese medicine in various provinces of China,providing reference for optimizing and improving subsequent basic medical insurance policies for traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:Based on the perspective of policy instrument,combined with two dimensions of policy instrument types and policy development process,the content analysis method is used to quantitatively analyze the content of the basic medical insurance policies for traditional Chinese medicine released at the provincial level from 2011 to 2023.Results:The 93 included policy documents were coded and sorted,with a cumulative total of 487 codes.From the perspective of policy instrument dimensions,subcategories of policy instruments involve diverse themes,but there are differences in the level of attention paid to each policy tool.From the perspective of policy development process,each link also presents a discrete trend,indicating a dominant feature of policy planning and implementation.Conclusion:To improve the basic medical insurance policy system of traditional Chinese medicine in China,it is necessary to optimize the combination of policy instrument and construct a coordinated and balanced policy instrument framework;Overall planning of the development process of traditional Chinese medicine medical insurance policies,highlighting the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine;Emphasize policy synergy between dimensions and strengthen the implementation of traditional Chinese medicine medical insurance policies.

AIM To investigate the effects of Zuogui Jiangtang Tongmai Recipe on necroptosis pathway in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicated with cerebral infarction(CI).METHODS The SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group,the metformin group(0.045 g/kg),and the low,medium and high dose Zuogui Jiangtang Tongmai Recipe groups(6.5,13,26 g/kg),with 9 rats in each group.In contrast to rats of the sham operation group,rats of the other groups were given 4 weeks feeding of high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish a T2DM rat model with one week stable blood glucose,followed by gavage of corresponding drugs 3 days before the establishment of the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model.After 7 days of administration,the rats had their CI injury assessed by mNSS method and TTC staining;their level of blood glucose detected by blood glucose meter;their levels of glycated serum protein,serum TNF-α and IL-1β detected by ELISA;their cerebral mRNA expressions of FADD,RIPK1,RIPK3 and MLKL detected by RT-qPCR;and their cerebral protein expressions of FADD,p-RIPK1,p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group,the model group displayed increased levels of blood glucose value,glycosylated serum protein,neurological function score,cerebral infarction volume,cerebral FADD,RIPK1,RIPK3 and MLKL mRNA expressions,cerebral FADD,p-RIPK1,p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL protein expressions,serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels(P＜0.01);and more disordered and morphologically diverse neurons with smaller nucleus.Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with medium or high dose Zuogui Jiangtang Tongmai Recipe,or metformin shared improvement in terms of the aforementioned indices(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and more neurons with regular morphology neat arrangement,and reduced cell gap.CONCLUSION Zuogui Jiangtang Tongmai Recipe can improve the neurological dysfunction of the rat model of T2DM complicated with CI,which may associate with the inhibited activation of necroptosis signaling pathway.

Surfactant is a kind of substance that can significantly reduce the surface/interface tension.Surfactant is an important substance that affects the preparation technology,stability and safety of nanoformulation.By combing the structure classification of surfactants and their function mechanism in nanoformulation,combined with the research status at home and abroad,the application and research of surfactants in the listed nanoformulation were described,in order to provide reference for the research and development of new nanoformulation.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]