In the context of global warming, protecting outdoor workers from occupational heat exposure has become an important public health concern. This review summarized the principle, applicability, and limitation of three categories of wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) prediction models: empirical regression models, heat-balance models, and machine-learning models. Drawing on international experience from the United States, Europe, and Japan, this review further examined the technical challenges of applying WBGT-based prediction models to large-scale occupational heat stress early warning systems. In response to gaps in occupational heat stress management in China, WBGT should be considered a core assessment indicator to support a transition from passive response to proactive intervention. A localized implementation pathway is proposed, incorporating mechanism-based model calibration, regional parameter adaptation, and multi-source data fusion. Strengthening collaboration between public health and meteorological departments and developing platform-based flexible intervention strategies for workers in new forms of employment may improve the targeting of occupational heat stress early warning and health protection. Future research should focus on physics-constrained machine learning, refined microenvironmental prediction, and individualized risk assessment to support the development of a digitally enabled occupational heat-health protection framework.

Objective: To assess the drinking water quality and its related factors in rural schools in Anhui Province from 2023 to 2025, so as to provide a basis for drinking water management of school. Methods: From July 2023 to December 2025, a total of 920 drinking water samples from rural schools were collected and tested in all 59 counties in Anhui Province by using stratified random sampling. The results were evaluated based on the Standards for Drinking Water Quality. Chi-square test, Chi-square trend test, and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: From 2023 to 2025,the compliance rates of drinking water quality in rural schools were 79.06%,84.10%,87.15% respectively,with an overall compliance rate of 84.24%. The water quality compliance rate showed an upward trend over the three years ( χ 2 trend =5.99, P <0.05). Conventional treatment was the predominant water supply mode (74.57%), and rural centralized projects accounted for most water supply facilities (83.70%). Univariate analysis indicated that water samples from surface water sources, large scale water plants, municipal water supply, rural centralized water supply projects, conventional treatment processes and plants with sanitary licenses had significantly higher compliance rates ( χ 2=94.52, 74.39, 253.69, 218.34, 113.34，all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for survey year, water supply mode( OR =4.98, 95% CI =2.55-9.75), sanitary license( OR =2.36, 95% CI =1.29-4.31), and water plant type( OR =3.78, 95% CI =2.04-7.03) were factors associated with the compliance rate of drinking water (all P <0.05). Conclusions Drinking water quality in rural schools across Anhui Province has improved, but the compliance rates of water samples from supplies with unconventional treatment, self supplied facilities, and supplies without health permits are relatively low. The water treatment of water plants should be improved, sanitation management should be strengthened, so as to ensure the safety of drinking water in schools.

Objective To analyze the urban drinking water quality and its influencing factors in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2022, and to provide a scientific basis for water quality improvement and protection. Methods The data were collected, saved and monitored according to the Standard Test Method for Drinking Water (GB/T5750-2006) and evaluated according to the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water (GB 5749-2006). Results A total of 20 941 samples were collected, and the overall qualified rate was 84.26%. The qualified rate of urban drinking water increased from 76.9% in 2014 to 93.3% in 2022, and the qualified rate of water quality was on the rise (χ²=544.43, P＜0.01). From 2014 to 2022, the qualified rate of water quality in dry season was higher than that in wet season (χ²=35.98, P<0.001), the qualified rate of surface water was higher than that of ground water (χ²=4440.8, P<0.001), and the qualified rate of peripheral tap water was higher than that of factory water (χ²=145.1, P<0.001). Among all kinds of disinfection methods, chlorination disinfection had the highest qualified rate (χ²=1483.8, P<0.001). The qualified rate of water quality increased with the increase of the scale of water plant. Among the inspected indicators, the main unqualified indicators were chlorine dioxide (7.72%), fluoride (7.41%), free residual chlorine (3.90%), and total bacterial count (2.13%). Conclusion The passing rate of urban drinking water quality in Anhui Province is on an upward trend, and the quality of urban drinking water has improved. However, it is still important to pay attention to the problem of excessive microorganism and fluoride in water, and the quality of drinking water varies from place to place.

Objective To investigate the current situation of off-label use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in China and the cognition of medical staff.Methods From August 31 to September 9,2022,a nationwide survey questionnaire was sent to medical staff in the form of electronic questionnaire.The questionnaire included 13 questions,covering four dimensions:Drug allocation,current situation of medication beyond the instructions,cognition of medication beyond the instructions and current situation of medication beyond the instructions.Results A total of 745 questionnaires were collected.75.70％of respondents reported off-label use of ICIs in their hospitals,with the most common type being off-label indications.The primary reasons for such practices included support from authoritative domestic and international guidelines,clinical research data validation,and approved indications in foreign regulatory documents.85.37％of respondents believed off-label use could offer new hope for patients,while 68.86％considered it unlikely to increase adverse reactions.44.97％of respondents' hospitals had not established off-label use registration systems for ICIs.88.86％of respondents emphasized the need for stricter regulations governing off-label use of immunotherapeutic agents.Conclusion Off-label use of ICIs is common,and there is a lack of unified guidance in clinical practice.It is urgent to form norms and consensus on the management of off-label use of ICIs.

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effects of a newly developed Tadalafil tablets on pathological myocardial hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction(AAC)in rats,as well as its influence on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in myo-cardial cells.Methods SD rats were randomly divid-ed into 4 groups:the sham operation group(Sham),the model group(AAC),the tadalafil new tablet treat-ment group(N-Tad,5 mg·kg-1),and the positive control drug treatment group(Cialis,10 mg·kg-1g).The AAC model group and treatment group rats under-went blunt dissection and constrictive ligation of the abdominal aorta at the left renal artery branch point during surgery,while the Sham group rats only had their arteries separated without any constrictive liga-tion.Rats in the treatment groups received either N-Tad or Cialis via gavage three days after modeling,while rats in the sham group and the model group re-ceived physiological saline daily for 8 weeks.Small an-imal ultra-high-resolution echocardiography and hemo-dynamic assessment were applied to evaluate left ven-tricular function in each group of rats,and the calcula-tion of the left ventricular mass index was conducted.By employing Western blot and RT-PCR.we assessed the impact of this treatment on the expression of the hy-pertrophy factor atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein(p-NF-κB p65),and phosphorylated IκB-α in the left heart tissue of rats and in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Results Compared to the Sham group,the AAC rats exhibited a significant decrease in left heart function,an increase in left ven-tricular mass index,and a notable increase in ANP and p-p65 expression in the left heart tissue(P＜0.05).Both N-Tad and Cialis treatments could significantly enhance left ventricular function,decrease left ventric-ular mass index,and inhibit the expression of ANP and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in rats with myocardial hy-pertrophy(P＜0.05).Notably,the therapeutic effect of low-dose N-Tad was comparable to that of high-dose Cialis.At the cellular level,Tadalafil significantly in-hibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the expression of associated proteins in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Conclusions N-Tad can sig-nificantly inhibit p65 and IκB-α phosphorylation,and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway,reduce ANP expression,and improve pathological myocardial hypertrophy,as well as mitigate left heart function damage caused by abdominal aortic constriction.

Periodontal bone defects, primarily caused by periodontitis, are highly prevalent in clinical settings and manifest as bone fenestration, dehiscence, or attachment loss, presenting a significant challenge to oral health. In regenerative medicine, harnessing developmental principles for tissue repair offers promising therapeutic potential. Of particular interest is the condensation of progenitor cells, an essential event in organogenesis that has inspired clinically effective cell aggregation approaches in dental regeneration. However, the precise cellular coordination mechanisms during condensation and regeneration remain elusive. Here, taking the tooth as a model organ, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the cellular composition and heterogeneity of human dental follicle and dental papilla, revealing a distinct Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) population with remarkable odontogenic potential. Interestingly, a reciprocal paracrine interaction between PDGFRA⁺ dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) and CD31⁺ Endomucin⁺ endothelial cells (ECs) was mediated by Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and Platelet-derived growth factor subunit BB (PDGFBB). This crosstalk not only maintains the functionality of PDGFRA⁺ DFSCs but also drives specialized angiogenesis. In vivo periodontal bone regeneration experiments further reveal that communication between PDGFRA⁺ DFSC aggregates and recipient ECs is essential for effective angiogenic-osteogenic coupling and rapid tissue repair. Collectively, our results unravel the importance of MSC-EC crosstalk mediated by the VEGFA and PDGFBB-PDGFRA reciprocal signaling in orchestrating angiogenesis and osteogenesis. These findings not only establish a framework for deciphering and promoting periodontal bone regeneration in potential clinical applications but also offer insights for future therapeutic strategies in dental or broader regenerative medicine.
Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism* ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology* ; Dental Sac/cytology* ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptome ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Bone Regeneration ; Animals ; Dental Papilla/cytology* ; Periodontium/physiology* ; Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Regeneration ; Angiogenesis

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effects of a newly developed Tadalafil tablets on pathological myocardial hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction(AAC)in rats,as well as its influence on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in myo-cardial cells.Methods SD rats were randomly divid-ed into 4 groups:the sham operation group(Sham),the model group(AAC),the tadalafil new tablet treat-ment group(N-Tad,5 mg·kg-1),and the positive control drug treatment group(Cialis,10 mg·kg-1g).The AAC model group and treatment group rats under-went blunt dissection and constrictive ligation of the abdominal aorta at the left renal artery branch point during surgery,while the Sham group rats only had their arteries separated without any constrictive liga-tion.Rats in the treatment groups received either N-Tad or Cialis via gavage three days after modeling,while rats in the sham group and the model group re-ceived physiological saline daily for 8 weeks.Small an-imal ultra-high-resolution echocardiography and hemo-dynamic assessment were applied to evaluate left ven-tricular function in each group of rats,and the calcula-tion of the left ventricular mass index was conducted.By employing Western blot and RT-PCR.we assessed the impact of this treatment on the expression of the hy-pertrophy factor atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein(p-NF-κB p65),and phosphorylated IκB-α in the left heart tissue of rats and in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Results Compared to the Sham group,the AAC rats exhibited a significant decrease in left heart function,an increase in left ven-tricular mass index,and a notable increase in ANP and p-p65 expression in the left heart tissue(P＜0.05).Both N-Tad and Cialis treatments could significantly enhance left ventricular function,decrease left ventric-ular mass index,and inhibit the expression of ANP and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in rats with myocardial hy-pertrophy(P＜0.05).Notably,the therapeutic effect of low-dose N-Tad was comparable to that of high-dose Cialis.At the cellular level,Tadalafil significantly in-hibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the expression of associated proteins in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Conclusions N-Tad can sig-nificantly inhibit p65 and IκB-α phosphorylation,and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway,reduce ANP expression,and improve pathological myocardial hypertrophy,as well as mitigate left heart function damage caused by abdominal aortic constriction.

Objective:To explore the value of material separation technique based on energy spectrum CT in predicting the recurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures after operation, in order to provide reference for the evaluation of postoperative recurrence of fractures.Methods:A total of 80 cases with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) treated in the First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province from Jan. 2020 to Dec. 2021 were selected for pre-operative CT material separation examination and postoperative follow-up for at least 2 years. The patients were divided into recurrence group and no recurrence group according to the recurrence of fracture. The clinical data and the results of material separation technique by energy spectrum CT were compared. The relevant factors for fracture recurrence was assessed by Logistic regression analysis, and ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of material separation technique based on energy spectrum CT in the recurrence of fracture.Results:After a follow-up of at least 2 years, 26 of the 80 patients had a recurrence of the fracture. The age, calcium water and hydroxyapatite (HAP) -water values in recurrent group were higher than those in no recurrent group, and the proportion of bone cement leakage was higher ( t/ Fisher=2.57, 5.40, 3.96, - P = 0.012 < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.033) . Logistic regression analysis showed that calcium-water ( OR=2.321, 95%CI: 1.464-3.679) and HAP-water ( OR=1.784, 95%CI: 1.246-2.554) values were the factors for postoperative fracture recurrence in osteoporotic fractures ( P<0.001) . ROC curve showed that AUC, sensitivity and specificity of combined calcium-water and HAP-water values in predicting postoperative fracture recurrence were 0.868, 88.46% and 79.63%, respectively ( P<0.001) . Conclusions:The material separation technique based on energy spectrum CT in predicting the recurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures after operation has high clinical application value, and provides a new idea for the clinical evaluation of postoperative recurrence of fractures.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of dual-energy CT lumbar quantitative measurement combined with serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (BGP), and β-type I collagen carboxy-terminal peptide ( β-CTx) for the risk of fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Methods:A total of 90 patients with osteoporosis who underwent dual-energy CT lumbar quantitative detection at the First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu from Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2023 were selected as the research subjects. According to the occurrence of fractures within one year of follow-up, the patients were divided into the fracture group ( n=36) and the non-fracture group ( n=54). The clinical data, dual-energy CT lumbar quantitative parameters, and serum BALP, BGP, and β-CTx levels of the two groups were compared. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for fractures in patients with osteoporosis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of dual-energy CT lumbar quantitative parameters combined with serum BALP, BGP, and β-CTx for fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, drinking history, or bone marrow CT value parameters between the fracture group and the non-fracture group ( χ2=0.66, t=1.86, t=1.59, χ2=0.19, χ2=0.98, t=0.40, all P > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in the history of fragility fractures, regular calcium supplementation, lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), calcium CT value, mixed energy image CT value, calcium concentration, fat fraction, BALP, BGP, and β-CTx ( χ2=9.73, χ2=4.17, t=3.14, t=7.06, t=7.92, t=6.50, t=3.26, t=8.12, t=12.66, t=11.37, all P < 0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the history of fragility fractures ( OR=1.863, P=0.023), regular calcium supplementation ( OR=1.728, P=0.031), fat fraction ( OR=1.685, P=0.009), BALP ( OR=1.815, P=0.002), BGP ( OR=1.605, P=0.003), and β-CTx ( OR=1.636, P < 0.001) were risk factors for fractures in patients with osteoporosis, while lumbar bone BMD ( OR=0.456, P=0.025), calcium CT value ( OR=0.486, P=0.005), mixed energy image CT value ( OR=0.490, P < 0.001), and calcium concentration ( OR=0.509, P=0.010) were protective factors. The ROC curve showed that the sensitivity of dual-energy CT lumbar quantitative measurement parameters combined with serum BALP, BGP, and β-CTx in predicting fractures in patients with osteoporosis was 94.68%, the specificity was 92.16%, the Youden index was 0.868, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.947, and the 95% confidence interval ( CI) was 0.905 to 0.982. Conclusion:Dual-energy CT lumbar quantitative parameters and serum BALP, BGP, and β-CTx levels have certain predictive value for the risk of fractures in patients with osteoporosis, and the combined prediction value is higher.

Objective:To explore the association between macrosomia delivery history and adverse pregnancy outcomes in subsequent pregnancies under different stratification of gestational weight gain(GWG).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 500 multiparous women with a history of macrosomia delivery who gave birth at The Second Hospital of Jilin University from January 2020 to November 2023.Meanwhile,1500 multiparous women without a history of delivering macrosomic infants were selected as the control group through 1∶3 matc-hing based on age(±1 year).The differences in general characteristics,GWG,and pregnancy outcomes be-tween the two groups were compared.According to the appropriate GWG values recommended by Chinese health industry standards,pregnant women in both groups were classified into insufficient GWG,appropriate GWG,and excessive GWG.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the relationship be-tween a history of macrosomia delivery and adverse pregnancy outcomes under different GWG stratifications.Re-sults:The History of macrosomia group had significantly higher rates of excessive GWG(50.60%vs.48.13%),incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)(23.40%vs.17.07%),rate of cesarean section(60.20%vs.45.33%),and rate of macrosomia(26.60%vs.7.87%)compared to the control group(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that a history of macrosomia delivery was an independent risk factor for GDM,cesarean section,and macrosomia in subsequent pregnancies(aOR>1,P<0.05).Stratified analysis based on GWG revealed that,compared with the control group,regardless of the GWG status,the risk of cesare-an section and macrosomia was higher in women with a history of macrosomia delivery(aOR>1,P<0.05).Mo-reover,for those with a history of macrosomia delivery and excessive weight gain during pregnancy,the risk of preeclampsia(aOR 3.167,P<0.05)and GDM(aOR 1.661,P<0.05)was significantly increased.When the GWG was appropriate for pregnant women with a history of macrosomia delivery,there was no significant correla-tion between a history of macrosomia delivery and preeclampsia or GDM(P>0.05).Conclusions:A history of macrosomia delivery increased the risk of multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes,such as GDM,cesarean section,and macrosomia.For multiparous women at different GWG levels,the risk of cesarean section and macrosomia was significantly increased in those with a history of macrosomia delivery.When GWG was appropriate,a history of macrosomia delivery was not found to be an independent risk factor for preeclampsia and GDM.