Objective: To evaluate the classroom environmental management and CO 2 volume concentration in primary and secondary schools from Liaoning, Tianjin, and Shanghai, thereby providing a scientific basis for developing targeted strategies to improve classroom air quality. Methods: From December 16 to 26, 2024, by using stratified random cluster sampling method, the questionnaire survey was conducted in 72 primary and secondary schools (24 each of primary, junior high, and regular high schools) across Liaoning, Tianjin and Shanghai. Information on heating, ventilation and other classroom environmental management was collected. Additionally, 108 classrooms were selected for on site microclimate measurements, including temperature, humidity, wind speed and CO 2 volume concentration. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression models were employed to explore related factors of classroom CO 2 volume concentration. Results: Among the three provinces/municipalities, 20.8% of schools regularly monitored the microclimate. The overall compliance rate for classroom CO 2 volume concentration was 17.6%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CO 2 volume concentration in regular and junior high school classrooms were higher than in primary school classrooms ( β=0.067, 0.046, 95%CI =0.036-0.099, 0.013-0.080); classrooms ventilated regularly in the morning and afternoon had higher CO 2 volume concentration than those ventilated during every break between classes ( β=0.043, 95%CI = 0.007- 0.080); both temperature ( β=0.010, 95%CI =0.004-0.016) and humidity ( β=0.003, 95%CI =0.002-0.004) were positively correlated with CO 2 volume concentration (all P <0.05). Conclusions Excessive CO 2 volume concentration in primary and secondary school classrooms is a prominent issue, and ventilation frequency is a key intervenable factor for controlling CO 2 levels. It is recommended to promote ventilation during every break between classes as a core management measure and to emphasize air quality supervision in regular high school classrooms.

Objective: To evaluate the intervention effect of school based salt reduction health education, so as to provide a scientific basis for constructing a more effective and sustainable salt reduction intervention model for children. Methods: According to a randomized controlled trial design, in June 2022, probability proportional to size sampling was used to select 501 second grade students (248 in the control group and 253 in the intervention group) from 10 primary schools in Zhenjiang (intervention group) and 10 primary schools in Yangzhou (control group), Jiangsu Province. An one year school based salt reduction health education intervention was implemented. This included 20 online and 8 offline health education sessions, monitoring of salt consumption in the canteen, and the establishment of a salt reduction environment on campus. The control group received no additional salt reduction interventions. A questionnaire survey and 24 hour urinary sodium test were conducted before and after the intervention. The difference in differences method was used to evaluate the intervention effect. Results: After the intervention, the intervention group showed significant net intervention effects in knowledge aspects, including knowing that primary school students consume less salt than adults ( OR=3.55,95%CI =1.69-7.47), daily salt intake of primary school students ( OR=6.64,95%CI =3.71-11.87), long term high salt intake leading to hypertension ( OR=6.83,95%CI =3.93-11.91), low salt intake not causing hair graying ( OR= 1.66 ,95%CI =1.00-2.75), salt content in food labels ( OR=4.56,95%CI =2.63-7.91), and common high salt foods ( OR=3.39,95%CI =1.87-6.14) (all P <0.05). In terms of attitude, the net intervention effect for having a positive attitude toward using less salt in home cooking was significantly increased ( OR=1.88,95%CI =1.13-3.12, P <0.05). There were no statistically significant net intervention effects for salt reduction related behaviors (all P >0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the changes of 24 hour urinary sodium between the intervention group and the control group before and after intervention ( P >0.05). Conclusions School based salt reduction health education effectively improves students salt reduction knowledge and attitudes but has a limited effect on behavior change. The home-school collaboration should be strengthened, and the dietary environment should be optimized simultaneously.

Objective To conduct a comparative analysis of the epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Northeast and Southwest China from 2005 to 2020, and to provide a reference for developing regional prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFRS outbreaks. The Joinpoint regression model was employed to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC), thereby analyzing the trends in HFRS incidence. Results From 2005 to 2020, 63 878 HFRS cases were reported in Northeast China (average annual incidence: 3.58/100,000), showing a significant downward trend (AAPC=-13.08%, P<0.05). In Southwest China, 5 313 cases were reported (average annual incidence: 0.168/100 000) with stable overall incidence (AAPC=2.73%, P>0.05) but obvious inter-provincial differences. Northeast had a primary autumn-winter peak (Nov-Dec) and a secondary spring-summer peak (Apr-Jun), while Southwest showed the opposite seasonal pattern. For population distribution, both regions had males (Northeast: 45.01/100 000; Southwest: 1.76/100 000) and farmers aged 20-60 as the main high-risk groups, but differed in the second largest group: household workers/unemployed in the Northeast and students in the Southwest. Incidence presented an inverted ^”U^”-shape with age, peaking in the 40-50 years group. Geographically, high-incidence areas were widely distributed across multiple prefectures (e.g., Shuangyashan) in the Northeast, while in the Southwest, the distribution was highly concentrated, clustered only in a few ethnic minority autonomous prefectures such as Dali and Chuxiong in Yunnan. Conclusion The incidence of HFRS in Northeast China continues to decline, while it remains generally stable but shows localized increases in Southwest China, exhibiting regional differences in seasonal characteristics and geographical distribution. The differences in epidemic patterns across different regions may be related to climate and host species. Differentiated prevention and control strategies should be developed based on the specific epidemic characteristics of each region.

Objective To construct three models, SARIMA, XGBoost, and LightGBM, to predict the future trend of human brucellosis in mainland China, and to provide a basis for formulating policies for the prevention and control of brucellosis. Methods Monthly case data of human brucellosis in mainland China from 2014 to 2023 were collected. The SARIMA model was constructed using R 4.4.1. The XGBoost and LightGBM models were constructed using Python 3.8. Results From 2014 to 2023, a total of 536,443 cases of human brucellosis were reported in mainland China. The incidence rate first decreased and then increased. The average annual incidence was 3.82 per 100,000 people. The LightGBM model effectively captured the complex time‑series characteristics of human brucellosis. It had good performance while accurately predicting the trend. Based on the optimal LightGBM model, a short‑term prediction was made for the trend of human brucellosis in 2024. The results showed that in 2024, the disease would still have a clear seasonal pattern in China. The peak months were from April to June. The highest number of cases was in June (8,733.48 cases). The lowest number was in October (3,260.69 cases). The predicted total number of cases for the year was about 70,260. Overall, the incidence remained high. Conclusion China remains in a high-incidence phase of human brucellosis, necessitating further implementation of prevention and control measures and enhanced supervision and monitoring in key regions.

Aim To elucidate the molecular mecha-nism underlying the inhibitory effect of liquidambaric acid(LDA)targeting TNF receptor associated factor 6(TRAF6)in colorectal cancer.Methods This study employed microscale thermophoresis(MST),drug af-finity responsive target stability assay(DARTS)and cellular thermal shift assay(CETSA)to confirm the direct binding of LDA to TRAF6.Additionally,we generated TRAF6 knockout colorectal cancer HCT116 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,and assessed the impact of LDA on TRAF6-regulated Hippo/YAP and Wnt signaling pathways through immunofluorescence a-nalysis and TOPFlash/Renilla luciferase reporter sys-tem.Co-IP and proximity ligation assays(PLA)were conducted to investigate LDA-regulated TRAF6 pro-tein-protein interactions and elucidate molecular mech-anisms.Results The direct binding of LDA to TRAF6 was confirmed in cell lysates and living cells.LDA promoted TRAF6-dependent nuclear translocation of YAP in colorectal cancer cells,and inhibited Wnt signaling by overexpressing TRAF6.Co-IP and PLA revealed that TRAF6 formed a tripartite complex with YAP and β-catenin in colon cancer cells,where TRAF6 was a key scaffolding protein of the tripartite complex.LDA disrupted the interactions between the TRAF domain of TRAF6 and YAP,as well as YAP and β-catenin.Conclusion LDA regulates Hippo/YAP signaling pathway by targeting TRAF6 and inhib-its colorectal cancer.

Objective:To understand the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody in follow-up in 0-18 months-old children born to pregnant women with syphilis in China in 2021 and analyze the related factors.Methods:The basic information of pregnant women with syphilis and follow-up information of their children in 2021 were extracted from the National Management Information System for the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B. The logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody.Results:In 2021, a total of 34 201 children was delivered by syphilis-infected pregnant women, and 23 592 (68.98%) children were included in this study. Negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody occurred in 21 076 (89.34%) children, but not in 2 516 (10.66%) children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with a higher probability of the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody: prophylactic benzathine penicillin injection at birth (a OR=1.35,95% CI:1.10-1.65), mother's age 26-30 years (a OR=1.22,95% CI:1.01-1.46), 36-40 years (a OR=1.34, 95% CI:1.09-1.64), other ethnic groups (a OR=1.19,95% CI:1.04-1.36), non-syphilis-specific antibody titers less than 1∶8 during pregnancy (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.37-1.78), penicillin treatment (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.23-1.98) and standardized treatment (a OR=1.21,95% CI:1.11-1.32). Conclusions:In 2021,the level of syphilitic-specific antibody negative conversion in follow-up in children born to pregnant women with syphilis was high in China. According to the factors associated with syphilis-specific antibody negative conversion, it is necessary to develop the follow-up strategies for the children born to pregnant women.

Objective:To explore the association between healthy lifestyle and co-morbidity of overweight/obesity and myopia in adolescents.Methods:Based on the Shanghai Municipal Dynamic Cohort of Student Common Diseases, we used the group-based trajectory model (GBTM) to establish a model for the development of adolescents' healthy lifestyle trajectories aged 11-14 years and the Cox proportional hazard regression model to assess the effects of different healthy lifestyles on the co-morbidity of overweight/obesity and myopia in adolescents.Results:A total of 2 331 adolescents were included in the analysis. The average follow-up time was 1.87 years, with age of (11.44±0.45) years at the initial follow-up, among 1 106 boys and 1 225 girls. During the 2-year follow-up period, the incidence rates of overweight/obesity, myopia, and co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and myopia were 25.9%, 77.0%, and 13.7%, respectively. GBTM identified 3 healthy lifestyles: the unhealthy group (7.3%), the relatively healthy group (50.2%), and the healthy group (42.5%). The risk of overweight/obesity was lower in the relatively healthy group than in the unhealthy group ( HR=0.694, 95% CI: 0.508-0.947). There was no statistically significant association between the GBTM lifestyle subgroups and myopia ( P>0.05). The risk of co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and myopia was lower in both relatively healthy group and healthy group than in the unhealthy group (relatively healthy group: HR=0.515, 95% CI: 0.348-0.763; healthy group: HR=0.571, 95% CI: 0.384-0.849). Sensitivity analyses showed this result to be stable for myopia, overweight/obesity and myopia co-morbidities. Conclusion:Persistent unhealthy lifestyle increases the risk of overweight/obesity and myopia co-occurrence in adolescents.

Objective:To analyze the there-dimensional radiographic characteristics of odontogenic myxoma(OM).Methods:Clinical records,histopathological reports,SCT or CBCT images of 18 patients with OM were retrospectively collected,and radiograph-ic features including lesion site,shape,size,expansion,intralesional septa and relationship with surrounding tissues were analyzed.The lesions were classified into types by the forms of septa.Results:18 patients(8 males and 10 females,aged 9-39 years old)were included.Among them,12 lesions(66.7％)were round-like in shape,7(38.9％)were located in the posterior maxilla,and 8(44.4％)in the posterior mandible.According to the septa map,the lesions included 4(22.2％)without septum(unilocular type),4 with(22.2％)sporadic septum on the periphery of the tumor(peripheral type),4(22.2％)with the septum from the periphery towards the center of the tumor(centripetal type)and 6(16.7％)with multiple septa interwoven as grid-like trabeclations(criss-crossing tup).Labial/buccal cortex expansion was present in 11 lesions(61.1％),and palatal cortex expansion in 12 lesions(66.7％).Moreover,cortex discontinuity occurred in 14 lesions(77.8％),impacted tooth was present in 9 lesions(16.7％),and root resorption was present in 8 lesions(44.4％).Conclusion:Most OMs occur in the posterior jaw,with multilocular and discontinued cortex.OMs can be classified into unilocular,perpheral,centripetal and cirss-crossing type by the forms of septa in the lesion.

Objective To quantitatively measure the density of hydroxyapatite(HAP)(water)within lumbar vertebral bodies using the gemstone spectral imaging(GSI)material decomposition technique and to compare and analyze the clinical significance of density variations of HAP(water)in different regions of L1-L3 vertebral bodies.Methods A total of 242 patients who underwent lumbar quantitative computed tomography(QCT)scans via utilizing the GSI technique were selected.Following the scans,the HAP(water)density values in four regions(anterosuperior,posterosuperior,anteroinferior,and posteroinferior)of each L1-L3 vertebral bodies were quantitatively measured using the material decomposition technique.Based on the QCT results,all cases were divided into three groups of normal bone mineral density,osteopenia,and osteoporosis.The distributions of HAP(water)density values in the four regions within each vertebral body were compared and analyzed among the groups.Results In all three groups of patients,the highest HAP(water)density values in the L1-L3 vertebral bodies were all located in the posteroinferior region,followed by the posterosuperior region.In the normal bone mineral density group,the lowest HAP(water)density values was found in the anterosuperior region of the L1 vertebral body.In the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups,the lowest HAP(water)density values was found in the anteroinferior region of the L1-L3 vertebral bodies.Conclusion Significant differences in HAP(water)density are present across different regions within lumbar vertebral bodies,which may be related to the development of vertebral osteoporosis and the location of fractures.

Objective:To explore the relationship between urinary cadmium levels and thyroid hormone levels in people aged 40-89 years old in selected areas of China.Methods:Based on the "Investigation of the Impact of Soil Quality of Agricultural Land on Human Health in Typical Areas" project from October 2019 to August 2020, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to include 6 588 middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89. Demographic characteristics, dietary frequency and disease status were collected through the questionnaire and physical examination. Urinary cadmium and urinary creatinine were detected by random midstream urine. Fasting venous blood was collected for the detection of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). The linear mixed effects model was used to explore the association of urine cadmium levels with thyroid hormone levels. Its dose-response relationship was explored by using the restricted cubic spline.Results:The age of the subjects was (63.48±12.18) years, with males accounting for 51.28%. The M ( Q 1,Q 3) of urinary cadmium level, T3 and T4 was 2.48 (1.36, 4.42) μg/g·creatinine, (1.96±0.51) nmol/L and (113.75±29.11) nmol/L, respectively. The linear mixed effects model showed that the changes of T3 and T4 were 0.027 (0.009, 0.044) nmol/L and 2.019 (1.084, 2.953) nmol/L for each one-unit increase (natural logarithm transformed) of urinary cadmium. The restricted cubic spline showed that there was a positive nonlinear association between urinary cadmium and T3 as well as T4 (all Pnonlinear<0.05). Conclusion:In selected areas of China, the urinary cadmium level of middle-aged and older adults aged 40-89 years is positively associated with T3 and T4.