As a distinctive resource of Chinese civilization， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） technology transfer faces significant opportunities under the background of digital and intelligent transformation， while also being constrained by unique challenges such as the complexity of its theoretical system， lengthy industrial chains， and multidimensional policy restrictions， resulting in a "high-value-high-threshold" paradox. At present， TCM technology transfer is deeply trapped in a "threefold reluctance" dilemma， i.e.， unwillingness to transfer， inability to transfer， and lack of capacity to transfer. Specifically， the disconnection between scientific research evaluation systems and market demand leads to low conversion rates of research achievements， unclear ownership and compliance risks suppress innovation incentives， and the absence of professional services intensifies supply-demand mismatches. This article systematically analyzes the specific characteristics of TCM technology transfer and proposes a breakthrough pathway centered on full-chain digital and intelligent transformation. By integrating technologies such as intelligent sorting systems， blockchain-based traceability， and AI diagnostic models， the TCM ecosystem spanning "cultivation-production-service" can be reconstructed. In terms of standardization， promoting the progression from "experience-based data conversion" to "data standardization" and further to "intelligent standardization" is advocated to resolve quality control challenges. For example， a "three-no-one-full" certification system can strengthen quality trust. Policy coordination should focus on optimizing mechanisms for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements， while exploring intellectual property securitization and risk-sharing models to stimulate research momentum. In terms of internationalization， reliance on the Belt and Road Initiative platform to promote the export of geo-authentic medicinal material brands and standards is recommended to build a dual-driven model of "technology plus culture". Looking ahead， through the construction of national-level databases， the cultivation of interdisciplinary talent， and the mutual recognition of international standards， a new paradigm of "scientific intelligent manufacturing" can be formed， providing systematic solutions for the modernization of TCM and global health governance.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of salt processing of Psoraleae Fructus （PF） through modern analytical techniques and biotechnology， focusing on its effects related to hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. MethodsThe zebrafish model was utilized to evaluate the impact of PF and salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus （SPF） on the hepatotoxicity （using 134.17 ， 178.89， 268.34 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 135.04， 180.06， 270.08 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively） and anti-osteoporotic activity （using 33.54 ， 67.08 and 134.17 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 33.76， 67.52， 135.04 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively）， which was using alizarin red skull staining of zebrafish as an indicator of different batches of PF. The specific dosage of a batch of PF was taken as an example. Then ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） analysis was employed to identify the chemical composition of PF before and after salt processing， and PCA， OPLS-DA， and independent sample t-test were used to elucidating the compositional changes associated with the effects of salt processing on hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. ResultsUnder specific conditions， PF induced notable hepatotoxicity in zebrafish while simultaneously demonstrating protective effect against prednisolone-induced osteoporosis. In comparison to PF， SPF showed alleviated hepatotoxicity while retaining significant anti-osteoporosis activity. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis revealed that after salt processing， the overall chemical composition of PF showed a downward trend， with 69 components showing a decrease in content， represented by psoralen， and 13 components showing an increase， represented by 4′-O-methyl psoralen B. Further multivariate statistical analysis revealed 11 key differential components before and after salt processing of PF， including psoralen and bakuchiol. ConclusionSalt processing effectively diminishes hepatotoxicity without impairing therapeutic efficacy against osteoporosis of PF， which may be related to the compositional changes before and after salt processing of PF and provides key evidence to reveal the scientific significance of salt processing of PF.

Objective: To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and influencing factors of resolution discrepancies within the minipool (MP) testing model across Chinese blood station laboratories in 2024. Methods: A nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted, including 334 blood station laboratories that reported nucleic acid reactive data among enzyme immunoassay non-reactive samples. Of these, 296 laboratories adopted the pool resolution model, with a total of 12 536 273 samples tested. Systematic analysis was performed on resolution data, focusing on the MP-NAT reactivity rate, the pool resolution concordance rate, and the resolution discrepancy rate. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on reagent types, viral targets, and Ct values. Potential causes were further explored through laboratory surveys and re-examination of raw amplification curves. Results: In 2024, the national average MP-NAT reactivity rate was 0.15%. The overall pool resolution concordance rate was 57.86%, which showed a gradual decline as Ct values increased across all reagents. The national average resolution discrepancy rate was 0.081‱(102/12 536 273), with 17.91%(53/296) of laboratories reporting at least one discrepancy. Nine reagent types were associated with these events, exhibiting reagent-specific patterns. For Reagent A2, the predominant discrepancy was HBV reactive pools resolving as HIV (36.36%); for Reagent D1, HBV pools frequently resolved as HCV (38.89%); and for Reagent E, the most common pattern was HIV pools resolving as HBV (48.00%). These resolution discrepancies were strongly associated with high Ct values: the median pool Ct for HBV exceeded 38, while those for HCV and HIV both exceeded 40. Investigations across 16 laboratories revealed that most discrepant samples exhibited “tailing” amplification curves, with some cases linked to cross-contamination or reagent batch-specific issues. Conclusion: While the incidence of resolution discrepancies in the MP-NAT model remains low in China, variations exist across different reagents and laboratories. These discrepancies are closely associated with low viral load, reagent performance, and laboratory operational practices.

Methods: Fifty patients who underwent UBE-TLIF and 50 patients who underwent W-TLIF, each with >2 years of follow-up, were retrospectively analyzed. Outcomes included operative parameters, time to postoperative mobilization, paravertebral muscle atrophy and fat infiltration rates, clinical scores (Visual Analog Scale [VAS], Oswestry Disability Index [ODI], Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA]), modified Macnab criteria, fusion rates, and complications. Results: Compared with W-TLIF, the UBE-TLIF group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss, shorter operative times, and lower postoperative drainage volumes (p <0.05). The UBE-TLIF group showed faster postoperative recovery and shorter hospital stays. At 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, W-TLIF patients had higher multifidus and erector spinae atrophy, and greater paravertebral muscle fat infiltration (p <0.05). The UBE-TLIF group also had lower VAS and ODI scores at 1 year and 2 years (p <0.05) and fewer surgical complications (6% vs. 10%). Fusion rates (94% vs. 92%) and modified Macnab outcomes (88% vs. 86%) were comparable (p >0.05). Conclusions UBE-TLIF is associated with reduced intraoperative trauma, quicker recovery, and fewer complications. In the long-term, it better preserves paravertebral muscle integrity and provides superior pain and functional outcomes.

Objective To fabricate a large-diameter vascular graft with a pore size gradient structure mimicking that of natural blood vessels, using poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) as base materials through electrospinning and ultrasonic pore-forming techniques, and to evaluate its application potential. Methods A three-layered tubular graft was fabricated from a PCL/PLLA blend (mass ratio 6 : 4) via electrospinning, followed by an ultrasonic pore-forming process to create a gradient porosity. The resulting graft (diameter: 2 cm, length: 4 cm) was implanted into the descending thoracic aorta of an experimental pig using an end-to-end anastomosis. Graft patency and anastomotic sites were monitored by computed tomography angiography (CTA) at 1 and 6 weeks post-surgery. After 2 months, the graft was explanted for systematic evaluation of vascular regeneration and repair through gross examination, histopathology (H&E and elastic fiber staining), immunohistochemistry [for ETS-related gene (ERG), Actin, and Vimentin], and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Postoperative CTA confirmed excellent graft patency at both 1 and 6 weeks, with no evidence of thrombosis or anastomotic stenosis. Gross examination of the 2-month explant revealed a smooth luminal surface covered by neotissue. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that the graft successfully induced the formation of a three-layered structure resembling a native vessel wall, comprising endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. Immunohistochemistry further verified coverage of the luminal surface by endothelial cells (ERG-positive), along with the presence of neosmooth muscle (Actin-positive) and fibroblasts (Vimentin-positive). Endothelial cells were observed adhering to the inner surface of the artificial vessel under SEM. Conclusion The biomimetic, three-layered PLLA/PCL large-diameter vascular graft, constructed via electrospinning and ultrasonic pore-forming, exhibits excellent short-term patency and biocompatibility in a large animal model. More importantly, it demonstrates a significant potential to promote host cell infiltration and achieve in situ regeneration of a three-layered vascular wall structure, providing a promising experimental basis for the development of next-generation functional vascular substitutes.

γδ T cells possess both innate and adaptive immune characteristics. Their antigen recognition is independent of major histocompatibility complex presentation， and they can directly recognize abnormal tumor metabolism， showing unique application potential in tumors with low immune infiltration. This paper systematically sorts out the biological characteristics and antitumor immune functions of γδ T cells， and mainly reviews the relevant mechanisms by which active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine regulate γδ T cells to exert antitumor immune functions. Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and Astragalus polysaccharide can enhance the antitumor immune function of γδ T cells by promoting the expression of various cytokines， regulating intestinal flora and alleviating immunosuppressive state. Quercetin and puerarin can strengthen γδ T cell-mediated tumor cell killing by regulating the proliferation of γδ T cells， the expression of cytotoxic effector molecules and related signaling pathways. Toosendanin can potentiate γδ T cell-induced tumor cell killing by down-regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic protein in tumor cells. Artesunate can boost γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses by enhancing the effector function of γδ T cells and weakening tumor immune escape. Future research shall focus on exploring the synergistic effects and molecular mechanisms of the combined application of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and γδ T cell immunotherapy， and identifying the key targets for γδ T cells to exert antitumor immune functions.

γδ T cells possess both innate and adaptive immune characteristics. Their antigen recognition is independent of major histocompatibility complex presentation， and they can directly recognize abnormal tumor metabolism， showing unique application potential in tumors with low immune infiltration. This paper systematically sorts out the biological characteristics and antitumor immune functions of γδ T cells， and mainly reviews the relevant mechanisms by which active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine regulate γδ T cells to exert antitumor immune functions. Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and Astragalus polysaccharide can enhance the antitumor immune function of γδ T cells by promoting the expression of various cytokines， regulating intestinal flora and alleviating immunosuppressive state. Quercetin and puerarin can strengthen γδ T cell-mediated tumor cell killing by regulating the proliferation of γδ T cells， the expression of cytotoxic effector molecules and related signaling pathways. Toosendanin can potentiate γδ T cell-induced tumor cell killing by down-regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic protein in tumor cells. Artesunate can boost γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses by enhancing the effector function of γδ T cells and weakening tumor immune escape. Future research shall focus on exploring the synergistic effects and molecular mechanisms of the combined application of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and γδ T cell immunotherapy， and identifying the key targets for γδ T cells to exert antitumor immune functions.

Objective To explore the association between walking exercise guided by 6 minute walking test(6MWT)and the incidences of 3-year major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE)in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 628 elderly ACS patients who undergoing PCI and obtaining success-ful coronary revascularization in our department from November 2018 to April 2019 were enrolled,and divided into 6MWT group(n=147)and control group(n=481)based on participa-ting in walking exercise guided by 6MWT or not.All of them were followed up for 3 years.The incidences of MACE[including coronary target vascular restenosis,acute myocardial infarction,heart failure,ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke]and all-cause death were observed.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis were employed for data statistical analyses.Results At the end of follow-up,the incidences of target vascular restenosis(6.9％vs 2.0％,P=0.028),heart failure(3.7％vs 0％,P=0.036),stroke(3.7％vs 0％,P=0.036),and total MACE incidence(15.0％vs 4.1％,P=0.000)were statistically higher in the control group than the 6MWT group.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the 6MWT group than the control group(Plog rank=0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that not participating in walking exercise guided by 6MWT was an independent risk factor for occurrence of 3-year MACE(HR=3.102,95％CI:1.327-7.250,P=0.009).Conclusion Walking exercise guided by 6MWT reduces the incidence of 3-year MACE and improves the long-term prognosis of elderly ACS patients after PCI.

Objective:To develop an economical,simple,and accessible method for early identification of high-risk pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),this study developed and evaluated multiple machine learning models,identified the optimal prediction model,and constructed a clinical decision support sys-tem(CDSS)based on this model.Methods:A total of 464 pregnant women who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 1,2023 to December 30,2024 were included,of which 386 were used to establish a prediction model(231 in the training set and 155 in the testing set),and the remaining 78 were used as a validation.Adopting the methods of double-point sequence correlation and chi-square test,four machine learning models were constructed after selecting feature variables:Logistic Regression,Random Forest,Support Vector Machine,and eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).Preliminary judgment of the maximum weight mod-el,further comparison of the discriminative ability,calibration ability,and clinical practicality of each model to evalu-ate and select the optimal model,develop its CDSS,and verify the accuracy of the model.Results:①Correlation analysis identified predictors of GDM:age,pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),systolic/diastolic blood pres-sure,white blood cell count,hemoglobin,lymphocyte ratio,fasting plasma glucose,uric acid,direct bilirubin,chronic hypertension complicating pregnancy,and assisted reproductive technology conception.②XGBoost dominated the ensemble model and demonstrated the best performance in discrimination(AUC 0.931,95%CI 0.910-0.967),cali-bration,and clinical utility among the four models.③The CDSS achieved an accuracy of 78.2%,sensitivity of 64.7%,and specificity of 82.0%in the XGBoost model.Conclusions:The XGBoost model has the highest ability to predict GDM in the early stage.Developing its CDSS not only facilitates doctors to quickly assess GDM risk,but also is suitable for promotion to remote areas,where high-risk population screening can be achieved through re-mote data.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) with glycolipid metabolism, pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with gestational diabetes.Methods:The clinical data of 153 pregnant women with gestational diabetes (research group) and 153 healthy pregnant women (control group) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ′an Medical University from January 2020 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The serum levels of VEGF, MMP-9 and S100B were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin were measured, and the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The adverse outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes were recorded. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between glycolipid metabolism indexes and VEGF, MMP-9, S100B in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of VEGF, MMP-9 and S100B on adverse pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Results:The fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VEGF, MMP-9 and S100B in research group were significantly higher than those in control group: (9.42 ± 0.65) mmol/L vs. (4.13 ± 0.46) mmol/L, (16.58 ± 2.37) mU/L vs. (13.41 ± 2.05) mU/L, (7.28 ± 0.46)% vs. (4.35 ± 0.39)%, 4.83 ± 0.42 vs. 2.71 ± 0.37, (3.41 ± 0.67) mmol/L vs. (2.85 ± 0.63) mmol/L, (5.54 ± 1.56) mmol/L vs. (5.12 ± 1.50) mmol/L, (3.14 ± 0.97) mmol/L vs. (2.86 ± 0.93) mmol/L, (184.02 ± 30.25) ng/L vs. (156.33 ± 26.41) ng/L, (45.78 ± 7.56) μg/L vs. (29.36 ± 5.03) μg/L and (117.51 ± 25.12) ng/L vs. (89.74 ± 22.46) ng/L, the HDL-C was significantly lower than that in control group: (1.34 ± 0.27) mmol/L vs. (1.42 ± 0.30) mmol/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01 or <0.05). Pearson correlation analysis result showed that VEGF, MMP-9, S100B in pregnant women with gestational diabetes were positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C ( P<0.01), negatively correlated with HDL-C ( P<0.01). Among 153 pregnant women with gestational diabetes, 49 had adverse pregnancy outcome, and 104 had good pregnancy outcome. The VEGF, MMP-9 and S100B in pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcome were significantly higher than those in pregnant women with good pregnancy outcome: (212.75 ± 28.63) ng/L vs. (170.49 ± 26.58) ng/L, (52.37 ± 7.14) μg/L vs. (42.68 ± 6.35) μg/L and (136.83 ± 23.62) ng/L vs. (108.41 ± 21.35) ng/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that VEGF, MMP-9 and S100B were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with gestational diabetes ( OR = 7.013, 5.382 and 6.129; 95% CI 5.206 to 9.447, 3.449 to 8.398 and 3.520 to 10.673; P<0.01). ROC curve analysis result showed that the area under the curve of VEGF, MMP-9 combined S100B in predicting adverse pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with gestational diabetes was significantly larger than that of VEGF, MMP-9 and S100B alone (0.945 vs. 0.863, 0.847 and 0.801; P<0.05 or <0.01), with sensitivity of 89.80% and specificity of 91.30%. Conclusions:The high serum levels of VEGF, MMP-9 and S100B are associated with abnormal glycolipid metabolism and adverse pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, and the combination of the three indexes has a high predictive value for adverse pregnancy outcome.