Objective To analyze the association between relative fat mass index(RFM)and the risk of gallstones in adults.Methods Adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)were included.RFM was calculated based on the participants'height and waist circumference.The history of gallstone disease was obtained through self-reports.The relationship between RFM and the risk of gallstones was assessed using Logistic regression analy-sis,smooth curve fitting and subgroup analysis.Results A total of 4,874 participants were includ-ed in the study.The RFM level of gallstone subjects was significantly higher than that of non-gallstone subjects(P＜0.001).After adjusting for various confounders,RFM level was found to be independ-ently associated with the risk of gallstones(OR=1.095,95％CI:1.022 to 1.173,P=0.010).Smooth curve fitting analysis indicated that the risk of gallstone disease also increased as RFM levels increased.The results of subgroup analysis showed no significant differences in the relationship be-tween RFM and gallstones across different populations.Conclusion Higher RFM level is associated with an increased risk of gallstones in participants.RFM may serve as an economical,effective and convenient indicator for assessing the risk of gallstones,but further prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

Objective:To evaluate the curative effect of Moshen Decoction combined with routine western medicine on idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) of spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome and explore its influences on renal function, C1q, PLA2R and E-cadherin levels.Methods:A total of 62 patients with IMN meeting inclusion criteria in the hospital were enrolled between January 2018 and January 2021. According to simple random grouping method, they were divided into control group (hormones combined with cyclophosphamide) and observation group (Moshen Decoction on basis of control group), 31 in each group. Both groups were treated continuously for 6 months. Before and after treatment, TCM syndromes were scored. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), cystatin C (Cys-C), anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and E-cadherin (EC) were detected by ELISA. The level of serum complement C1q was detected by immunoturbidimetry. The 24 h urine was collected for quantitative determination by full-automatic biochemical analyzer. The adverse events during treatment were observed and recorded. And clinical curative effect was evaluated.Results:The differences in total response rate between observation group and control group were statistically significant [93.55% (29/31) vs. 74.19% (23/31); χ2=4.29, P=0.038]. After treatment, scores of TCM syndromes (edema of lower limbs, fatigue and poor appetite, lusterless complexion) in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=10.07, 10.80, 4.34, 4.57, P<0.001). After treatment, levels of serum Cys-C [(0.51±0.05) mg/L vs. (0.55±0.06) mg/L, t=2.85], 24 h urine protein quantification [(0.95±0.19) g vs. (1.38±0.23) g, t=13.32] in observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01), and levels of serum PLA2R [(17.53±1.84) Ru/ml vs. (19.62±2.05) Ru/ml, t=4.22], EC [(2.74±0.26) μg/L vs. (3.05±0.37) μg/L, t=3.82] and complement C1q [(152.34±15.62) mg/L vs. (169.33±16.77) mg/L, t=4.13] in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). During treatment, there was no significant difference in incidence of adverse events between observation group and control group [12.90% (4/31) vs. 16.13% (5/31); χ2=0.13, P=0.781]. Conclusion:Moshen Decoction combined with routine western medicine can improve renal function and clinical curative effect in patients with IMN of spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome. Its mechanism of action may be related to reducing urine protein, complement C1q, PLA2R and EC.

Objective To explore the effect of yiqi yangyin tongluo regime on hematuria,proteinuria and renal tissue's pathological changes in rats with IgA nephropathy (IgAN).Methods Sixty clean male SD rats were randomized into blank group,model group,huangkui group and high,medium and low-dose TCM (yiqi yangyin tongluo regime) group.After modeling for 0 week,4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks and 16 weeks,the levels of urine red blood cell count and 24 h urine protein were detected.Meanwhile,after feeding for 8 weeks,the pathological changes of remnant renal tissues and expression of TNF-α were detected by HE staining and immunohistochemical staining.Results After feeding for 8 weeks,compared with blank group,the level of urine red blood cell count,24h urine protein and TNF-α expression in model group,huangkui group,high,medium and low-dose TCM group were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,the level of urine red blood cell count,24h urine protein and TNF-α expression in huangkui group,high,medium and low-dose TCM group were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05).The above indexes in TCM group were significantly lower than huangkui group (P ＜ 0.05).Light microscopy showed that the renal tissues were normal in blank group.In the model group,most of glomerular mesangial cells and matrix appeared moderate and severe hyperplasia,inflammatory ceils and focal fibrosis were seed in renal interstitium.Proliferation of mesangial cells and matrix were relieved in huangkui group and TCM group.Conclusion Yiqi yangyin tongluo regime can effectively ameliorate the levels of urine red blood cell count,24 h urine protein and renal pathological changes.The mechanism may be related to the decrease of urine red blood cell count and 24 h urinary protein,and inhibition of TNF-α expression.

Objective To explore the effect of yiqi yangyin tongluo regime on hematuria,proteinuria and renal tissue's pathological changes in rats with IgA nephropathy (IgAN).Methods Sixty clean male SD rats were randomized into blank group,model group,huangkui group and high,medium and low-dose TCM (yiqi yangyin tongluo regime) group.After modeling for 0 week,4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks and 16 weeks,the levels of urine red blood cell count and 24 h urine protein were detected.Meanwhile,after feeding for 8 weeks,the pathological changes of remnant renal tissues and expression of TNF-α were detected by HE staining and immunohistochemical staining.Results After feeding for 8 weeks,compared with blank group,the level of urine red blood cell count,24h urine protein and TNF-α expression in model group,huangkui group,high,medium and low-dose TCM group were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,the level of urine red blood cell count,24h urine protein and TNF-α expression in huangkui group,high,medium and low-dose TCM group were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05).The above indexes in TCM group were significantly lower than huangkui group (P ＜ 0.05).Light microscopy showed that the renal tissues were normal in blank group.In the model group,most of glomerular mesangial cells and matrix appeared moderate and severe hyperplasia,inflammatory ceils and focal fibrosis were seed in renal interstitium.Proliferation of mesangial cells and matrix were relieved in huangkui group and TCM group.Conclusion Yiqi yangyin tongluo regime can effectively ameliorate the levels of urine red blood cell count,24 h urine protein and renal pathological changes.The mechanism may be related to the decrease of urine red blood cell count and 24 h urinary protein,and inhibition of TNF-α expression.

In the paper , a self-designed questionnaire is applied to investigate the status quo of information literacy of students ma -joring in nursing from Classes 2012, 2013 and 2014 in College of Nursing , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine .Based on the analysis of existing problems , it is suggested that the major of nursing informatics should be set up and nursing information courses should be of -fered, including curriculum setting , teacher selection and teaching methods , etc.