OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics and genetic variant profile of Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) among newborns from Hainan Province and evaluate its significance within the local neonatal disease screening panel. METHODS: A total of 84 184 newborns born in Hainan Province from February to December 2024 were included. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was employed to detect butyrylcarnitine (C4) and propionylcarnitine (C3) levels in dried blood spots. Screening thresholds were set at C4 > 0.43 μ mol/L and C4/C3 ratio > 0.28. Suspected cases underwent confirmatory testing via urinary ethylmalonic acid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and whole-exome sequencing for ACADS gene variants. This study was approved by the Medial Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: HNWCMC-2024-55). RESULTS: Six SCADD cases (male-to-female ratio = 1:1) were diagnosed, with all carrying compound heterozygous variants at two loci, yielding a prevalence of 7.13 per 100,000 live births. Four known ACADS gene variants were identified, with both c.322G>A and c.625G>A detected at a frequency of 41.7%. Regular follow-up (as of January 2026) revealed that all diagnosed cases have remained asymptomatic with normal growth and development. CONCLUSION The prevalence of SCADD among newborns in Hainan Province is relatively high, with c.322G>A and c.625G>A as the hotspot variants in the region. Given the absence of clinical phenotypes in all screen-detected cases during long-term follow-up, it is recommended to remove this condition from the routine neonatal screening program for this region to reduce unnecessary anxiety and medical cost.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening/methods* ; Female ; Male ; Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/epidemiology* ; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Follow-Up Studies

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility， safety， and efficacy of surgery-assisted transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt （SA-TIPS） in the treatment of portal hypertension comorbid with complex portal vein thrombosis， including cavernous transformation of the portal vein （CTPV）. MethodsAn analysis was performed for the data of 36 patients with portal hypertension and complex portal vein thrombosis who underwent SA-TIPS in Beijing Shijitan Hospital， Capital Medical University， from November 2023 to January 2025， including general status， technical data of the surgical process （surgical success rate， puncture times， time of operation， the number of stents used， and the length of shunt）， perioperative complications， and surgical recovery. The change in portal pressure gradient （PPG） after shunt was compared， and the rate of reaching the standard for PPG reduction was calculated， as well as stent patency rate within 1 week after surgery. The paired samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups. ResultsAmong the 36 patients， 34 （94.4%） underwent SA-TIPS successfully. The incidence rate of perioperative complications was 16.7% （6/36）， including 3 cases of thoraco-abdominal hemorrhage， 2 cases of intraoperative arrhythmia， and 1 case of incision infection. There was a significant reduction in PPG after SA-TIPS （t=19.85， P<0.01）， and the patients achieving a ≥50% reduction in PPG accounted for 76.5% （26/34）. Imaging reexamination within 1 week showed a shunt patency rate of 100%. ConclusionSA-TIPS has a high technical success rate， a favorable safety profile， and good efficacy in the treatment of portal hypertension comorbid with complex portal vein thrombosis （including CTPV）， and therefore， it holds promise for clinical application.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to observe the syndrome improvement and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）. MethodsThrough a multi-center randomized controlled methodology design，confirmed influenza cases were collected from October 2022 to April 2023 in the pediatrics department of eight hospitals，such as Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. A total of 180 children with influenza and heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome conforming to the standard were recruited through the clinic. The sick children meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into groups by a block-randomized method. The children in the experimental group were treated with Qingxuan Daozhi formula for five days，and those in the control group were treated with Oseltamivir Phosphate Granules for five days. The primary efficacy indicator was the negative conversion rate of influenza antigen detection. Secondary efficacy indicators were the Canadian acute respiratory illness and flu scale （CARIFS） and the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases. Follow-up observation was conducted on the day of enrollment，48 hours after medication，72 hours after medication， and （6+1） d after medication. ResultsOne hundred and eighty participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group （90 cases） or the control group （90 cases）. All participants were followed up during the study. Comparison of influenza antigen detection results in the primary efficacy indicators showed that the average time of negative influenza antigen conversion in the experimental group was （5.29±1.25） d，and that in the control group was （5.40±1.68） d，without a statistically significant difference. After five days of intervention，52 cases in the experimental group and 51 cases in the control group converted to negative，without a statistically significant difference. CARIFS score results in the secondary efficacy indicators showed that during 72 hours after intervention，there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in three dimensions， including headache，muscle soreness， and the need for extra care （P<0.05）. On the （6+1） days after the intervention，the differences in both the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant in 10 dimensions， including sore throat，bad sleep，uncomfortable feeling，poor spirit and fatigue，crying more than usual，the need for extra care，symptom，function，influence on parents，and total score （P<0.05）. The comparison results within the group in the dimensional scores of symptom， function， and influence on parents，as well as the CARIFS total score showed that with the delay of follow-up time，scores of both groups decreased significantly，with a statistically significant difference （P<0.01）. Inter-group comparison results showed that the mean score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at the time of enrollment. With the progress of intervention，the score of the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. At the end of follow-up，the mean score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group，with no statistically significant difference. In terms of the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases， there were no complications，severe cases， and critical cases in the two groups，without a statistically significant difference. ConclusionThe symptom improvement effect and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome） are not inferior to Oseltamivir Phosphate granules， and children's acceptance is better. It can be more widely used in clinical treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）.

Objective:To establish graded forecast models of pollen concentration in spring and summer-autumn in northern China, based on long-term data of pollen and allergic rhinitis (AR) medical visits in 8 cities of northern China.Methods:Pollen concentration and the characteristics of AR patients from 8 cities of northern China, including Beijing, Baotou, Hohhot, Xi′an, Xining, Cangzhou, Liaocheng and Zibo, were analyzed. Spearman′s correlation was used to examine the relationship between pollen concentration and daily AR patient visits. A pollen concentration grading was establish, and a pollen forecast model was created using the eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. The model incorporated meteorological factors and the 3-day moving average of pollen concentrations.Results:The spring pollen period started early and lasted long in Beijing and Xi ′an, while the summer-autumn pollen period started earlier and persisted longer in Xining, Baotou and Hohhot. During summer-autumn pollen period, and the spring period in most cities (except Baotou and Cangzhou), average daily patient visits were significantly higher than those in non-pollen periods. A strong correlation was observed between daily AR patient visits and the 3-day moving average of pollen concentrations in both the spring and summer-autumn periods across all cities. Based on the correlation, a pollen concentration grading standard of northern China was established. The accuracy evaluation of pollen concentration prediction model showed that the percentage of forecasts with either completely accurate or within one level difference exceeded 91% in spring and 95% in summer-autumn. The most important predictive variable in the model was the pollen level from previous day, followed by the temperature and humidity.Conclusion:The grading prediction model for pollen concentration provides guidance for AR patients in term of travel, early defense and treatment, as well as the determining medication schedules for clinical drug research and specific immunotherapy.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and analyze the surgical approach differences using CT parameters between mini-open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MO-TLIF) and minimally invasive surgery of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) in the treatment of degenerative lumbar diseases.Methods:A total of 68 consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar diseases undergoing surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2022 to January 2023 were randomized into the MO-TLIF group (34 cases, percutaneous screw-assisted posterior midline MO-TLIF) and the MIS-TLIF group (34 cases, Wiltse approach MIS-TLIF using the Quadrant channel). Perioperative indicators (operative time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency, postoperative bedrest duration, and hospital stay) and complications were compared. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were assessed preoperatively and at 3 days, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Effective cross-sectional area (eCSA) of paraspinal muscles was evaluated on MRI preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. CT parameters of surgical approaches, including spinous process-midline distance (SM), Wiltse-midline distance (WM), surgical approach angle, depth, and multifidus muscle displacement were compared. Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to explore associations between CT parameters, operative time, blood loss, and eCSA atrophy.Results:Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences between groups ( P>0.05). The MO-TLIF group exhibited shorter operative time (109.85±7.82 min vs. 133.82±20.22 min), reduced blood loss (77.21±21.83 ml vs. 141.18±31.44 ml), smaller incision length (6.09±0.22 cm vs. 7.00±0.43 cm), shorter bedrest duration (1.59±0.49 d vs. 2.38±0.50 d), and shorter hospital stay (8.93±1.44 d vs. 10.35±1.45 d), but higher fluoroscopy frequency (19.53±1.92 times vs. 16.29±1.78 times) compared to the MIS-TLIF group ( P<0.05). Complications included fat liquefaction (5 cases) and dural tears (2 cases). Both groups showed improved VAS and ODI postoperatively ( P<0.05). At 3 d postoperatively, the MO-TLIF group had lower VAS (2.74±0.47 points vs. 3.35±0.48 points) and ODI (27.46%±2.16% vs. 30.42%±2.52%) than the MIS-TLIF group ( P<0.05). Postoperative eCSA decreased significantly in the MIS-TLIF group ( P<0.05) but remained stable in the MO-TLIF group ( P>0.05). The MO-TLIF group demonstrated smaller SM (8.43±1.81 mm vs. 31.15±6.53 mm), approach angle, depth, and muscle displacement ( P<0.05). CT parameters in the MO-TLIF group showed no correlation with operative time, blood loss, or eCSA atrophy ( r<0.3, P>0.05), whereas parameters in the MIS-TLIF group correlated positively with these outcomes (0.3< r<0.6, P<0.05). Multivariate regression revealed a significant association between CT parameters and eCSA atrophy in the MIS-TLIF group ( R 2=0.474, P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared to MIS-TLIF, MO-TLIF reduces intraoperative blood loss, accelerates recovery, and minimizes paraspinal muscle trauma.

Objective To explore the relationships of microRNA-125b(miR-125b),microR-NA-142-5p(miR-142-5p)and microRNA-140-3p(miR-140-3p)with sensitivity to programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)antibody therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and their clinical significance.Methods A total of 219 NSCLC patients were selected and divided into sensitive group(n=92)and non-sensitive group(n=127)based on their sensitivity to PD-1 anti-body therapy.Serum levels of miR-125b,miR-142-5p and miR-140-3p were compared between the two groups.A new combined predictor was constructed using miR-125b,miR-142-5p,and miR-140-3p through a Logistic regression model.The predictive performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and data were substituted into the equation forpredictive vali-dation.Results The serum level of miR-125b was higher in the non-sensitive group than that in the sensitive group,while the serum levels of miR-142-5pand miR-140-3p were lower in the non-sensitive group(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that an increased level of miR-125b was an independent risk factor for sensitivity to PD-1 antibody therapy in NSCLC patients(P＜0.05),while increased levels of miR-142-5p and miR-140-3p were independent protective factors(P＜0.05).The optimal cut-off value for the combined predictor was 0.117,with a sensitivity of 90.22％,a specificity of 85.04％,and an accuracy of 87.21％.ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC)for the combined predictor in predicting sensitivity to PD-1 antibod-y therapy was 0.928,which was significantly larger than the AUCs of 0.825,0.817 and 0.772 for miR-125b,miR-142-5p and miR-140-3p,respectively(P＜0.05).A new equation was obtained by transforming the original Logistic regression equation,and data from three randomly selected pa-tients were substituted into the equation for calculation,with predictive results being consistent with clinical reality.Conclusion The miR-125b,miR-142-5p and miR-140-3p are all associated with sensitivity to PD-1 antibody therapy in NSCLC patients and can serve as biomarkers for predicting sensitivity to PD-1 antibody therapy.The combined predictor based on these three microRNAs can further enhance predictive value and provide more reliable reference information for clinical treat-ment decisions.

BackgroundDepression in mid-to-late pregnancy has significant negative effects on pregnant women and their offspring. Previous studies have shown that pregnant women with depression in mid-to-late pregnancy exhibit lower frontal lobe activation levels， but the activation phase and its impact on depression require further investigation. ObjectiveTo analyze the functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） features of depressed pregnant women in mid-to-late pregnancy， and to provide references for assisting in the clinical screening of depression in them. MethodsA total of 40 pregnant women in mid to late pregnancy with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale （EPDS） score above 11 who underwent prenatal examination at the department of obstetrics of the Third Hospital of Mianyang from September 2023 to July 2024 were included as the study group. During the same period， 40 pregnant women in mid-to-late pregnancy with EPDS score below 11 who were matched with the age， family history， and past history of the study group were recruited as the control group. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect basic information of the pregnant women. The fNIRS technique was used to measure the prefrontal and temporal lobe integral values and center of gravity values during the verbal fluency task （VFT） pregnant women in mid-to-late pregnancy. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlation between EPDS scores and fNIRS imaging features， as well as demographic characteristics， in mid-to-late pregnant women with depression. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression symptoms in this population. ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between the study group and the control group in terms of educational level and body mass index （BMI） （χ²/t=4.528， 2.292， P<0.05）. The study group demonstrated a lower prefrontal integral value and a higher prefrontal center of gravity value compared with the control group （t=-7.601， 5.641， P<0.05）. EPDS scores of depressed pregnant women in mid-to-late pregnancy were negatively correlated with prefrontal lobe integral value （r=-0.680， P<0.01）， while positively correlated with prefrontal lobe center of gravity value and BMI （r=0.737， 0.604， P<0.01）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age （β=-0.214， P<0.01）， BMI （β=0.340， P<0.01）， prefrontal integral value （β=-0.351， P<0.01）， and prefrontal center of gravity value （β=0.347， P<0.01） were influencing factors of depressive symptoms in pregnant women in mid-to-late pregnancy. ConclusionThe prefrontal lobe activation degree of depressed pregnant women in mid-to-late pregnancy is lower than that of non-depressed pregnant women， and the activation phase is delayed. Age， prefrontal lobe integral value， prefrontal center of gravity value and BMI may be the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in pregnant women in the middle and late pregnancy.

Objective To analyze the trends in the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2021, and to project the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 2022 to 2030, so as to provide insights into the elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Methods The prevalence, age-standardized prevalence, disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) rate and age-standardized DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, as well as the years lost due to disability (YLDs) rate and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections in China, the world and different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data resources, and the trends in the disease burden due to schistosomiasis were evaluated with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, the age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of schistosomiasis were examined in China using an age-period-cohort (APC) model, and the disease burden of schistosomiasis was predicted in China from 2022 to 2030 using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model. Results The age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, and the age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections were 761.32/10⁵, 5.55/10⁵ and 0.38/10⁵ in China in 2021. These rates were all lower than the global levels (1 914.30/10⁵, 21.90/10⁵ and 3.36/10⁵, respectively), as well as those in the medium SDI regions (1 413.61/10⁵, 12.10/10⁵ and 1.93/10⁵, respectively), low-medium SDI regions (2 461.03/10⁵, 26.81/10⁵ and 4.48/10⁵, respectively), and low SDI regions (5 832.77/10⁵, 94.48/10⁵ and 10.65/10⁵, respectively), but higher than those in the high SDI regions (59.47/10⁵, 0.49/10⁵ and 0.05/10⁵, respectively) and high-medium SDI regions (123.11/10⁵, 1.20/10⁵ and 0.12/10⁵, respectively). The prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis were higher among men (820.79/10⁵ and 5.86/10⁵, respectively) than among women (697.96/10⁵ and 5.23/10⁵, respectively) in China in 2021, while the YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections was higher among women (0.66/10⁵) than among men (0.12/10⁵). The prevalence of schistosomiasis peaked at ages of 30 to 34 years among both men and women, while the DALYs rate of schistosomiasis peaked among men at ages of 15 to 19 years and among women at ages of 20 to 24 years. The age-standardized prevalence of schistosomiasis showed a moderate decline in China from 1992 to 2021 relative to different SDI regions [EAPC = -1.51%, 95% CI: (-1.65%, -1.38%)], while the age-standardized DALYs rate [EAPC = -3.61%, 95% CI: (-3.90%, -3.33%)] and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections [EAPC = -4.16%, 95% CI: (-4.38%, -3.94%)] appeared the fastest decline in China from1992 to 2021 relative to different SDI regions. APC modeling showed age, period, and cohort effects on the trends in the prevalence of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2021, and the prevalence of schistosomiasis appeared a rise followed by decline with age, and reduced with period and cohort. BAPC modeling revealed that the age-standardized prevalence and age-standardized DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections all appeared a tendency towards a decline in China from 2022 to 2030, which reduced to 722.72/10⁵ [95% CI: (538.74/10⁵, 906.68/10⁵)], 5.19/10⁵ [95% CI: (3.54/10⁵, 6.84/10⁵)] and 0.30/10⁵ [95% CI: (0.21/10⁵, 0.39/10⁵)] in 2030, respectively. Conclusions The disease burden of schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in China from 1992 to 2021, and is projected to appear a tendency towards a decline from 2022 to 2030. There are age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in China. Precision schistosomiasis control is required with adaptations to current prevalence and elimination needs.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.