Aquaporin 5(AQP5)is a specific protein that can significantly increase the water permeability of cell membrane,partici-pate in the process of water secretion and absorption,maintain the balance of water molecules inside and outside the cell,and transport water across the membrane.Programmed cell death(PCD)is closely associated with the development and progression of Sj?gren's syn-drome(SS).AQP5 may influence the development and progression of SS by regulating the PCD mechanism.This article reviews the mo-lecular mechanisms of AQP5 in regulating the apoptosis,pyroptosis,autophagy,and ferroptosis of cells in recent years and discusses the potential influence of AQP5 on SS,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of SS.

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a kind of connective tissue disease with high incidence and difficult to be treated, which belongs to the category of "dryness-arthralgia" in TCM. Xuanfu is a micro-concept of TCM, and is widely distributed and has the properties of "gateway" and "road", playing the role of circulating gas-liquid and operating spirit mechanism. Aquaporin (AQP) is a membrane-specific transmembrane protein that is widely distributed throughout the body and controls the movement of water, ions and gases in and out of cells. In recent years, the Xuanfu theory and AQP have played an important role in the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of SS. This article explored the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of SS by listing the correlation between Xuanfu and AQP in terms of structure and function, providing more theoretical basis for the application of Xuanfu theory in the treatment of SS.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of acute conjunctivitis caused by human adenovirus（HAdv）in Yantian District of Shenzhen City， Guangdong Province from 2014 to 2022， and to provide evidence for formulating effective prevention and control measures. MethodsDescriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis （AHC） cases reported from the Chinese disease prevention and control information system. Etiological characteristics of laboratory-confirmed cases were analyzed， and a case-control study method of test-negative design （TND） was conducted as well. According to the result of HAdv detection， analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of morbidity. ResultsA total of 1 005 AHC cases were reported in Yantian District， Shenzhen City from 2014 to 2022， with an average annual incidence rate of 49.49/10⁵. The incidence rate ranged from 4.67/10⁵ to 117.28/10⁵. The peak incidence occurred from July to October each year， with a male-to-female ratio of 1.42∶1. The median （P₂₅，P₇₅） age of onset was 29（12，40） years. A total of 716 eye swabs were collected for etiological detection from 2014 to 2022. HAdv positive detection rate was 36.45% （263/716）， Cox 24v positive detection rate was 0.28% （2/716）， while EV70 was not detected. The longest viral shedding time in eye swabs was 10 days， with a median of 2 days. The highest HAdv positive detection rate （47.47%） was observed when the sampling-to-onset interval was 4‒5 days， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）， with a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Multivariate logistic regressing analysis showed that aged 18‒ years， and average temperature higher than 24.90 ℃ 3 days before onset （P<0.05） were the risk factors for acute HAdv conjunctivitis. ConclusionAHC in Yantian District， Shenzhen City showed a low level of prevalence from 2014 to 2022， with HAdv being the predominant pathogen. The peak period of viral shedding occurred on the 4th to 5th day after symptom onset， suggesting the importance of adherence to strict home isolation for infected persons. Aged18‒ years and average temperature increased 3 days before onset are associated with an increased risk of adenoviral conjunctivitis. It is recommended to strengthen personal protection and keep doing a good job of AHC surveillance and early warning， so as to timely prevent the outbreaks of AHC.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and the risk of incident hypertension among population in rural areas of China. Methods: The Community Intervention of Metabolic Syndrome in China & Chinese Family Health Study (CIMIC) was conducted in 2007-2008. Data on PA, smoking, drinking, blood pressure and other variables were obtained at baseline. Then the follow-up study of incident hypertension was performed during 2012-2015. A total of 41 457 participants aged ≥18 years and free from hypertension at baseline were included in the final analyses. PA was calculated as metabolic equivalent (MET) for each participant. Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the relationship of PA with incident hypertension according to the quartiles of PA. Results: A total of 6 780 participants developed hypertension during an average follow up of 5.8 years. The annual incidence of hypertension was 2.80%. Compared to participants in the first quartile of PA, HR (95%CI) of incident hypertension decreased with the level of PA of 0.92 (0.86, 0.99), 0.72 (0.67, 0.77) and 0.70 (0.65, 0.75) for the 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th quartile, respectively (P_trend<0.001). In subgroup analyses, compared to the first quartile, hazards of hypertension among normotensive participants (systolic blood pressure less than 120 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and diastolic blood pressure less than 80 mm Hg) in the 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th quartile were 0.82 (0.70, 0.95), 0.73 (0.63, 0.85) and 0.78 (0.67, 0.90), respectively (P_trend=0.002). Among participants with prehypertension (systolic blood pressure from 120 to 139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure from 80 to 89 mmHg), similar trend for the relationship of PA and incident hypertension was also found with HR (95%CI) of 0.94 (0.87, 1.01), 0.71 (0.65, 0.77) and 0.66 (0.61, 0.71) for the 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th quartile, respectively (P_trend<0.001). Conclusion There was linear trend association between PA and incident hypertension. Increased PA in daily life may be a protective factor against hypertension.

Objective To compare the effect of progressive teaching pattern with traditional long-term training on improvement of trainees ability of endoscopic ultrasonography ( EUS ) . Methods Ten learners who have achieved competence on routine endoscopic procedures but without any knowledge and skills on EUS procedures were enrolled in the study, and were randomly divided into two groups according to the sequence number. Learners with odd number received traditional long-term training, and the even number learners received progressive teaching. The proficiency of EUS knowledge and skills in the two groups were compared after one-year learning. Results At the final examination, the learners′ ability of mastering EUS was higher, and the study leave time was shorter in the progressive teaching group than that in the traditional long-term training group. however, we didn′t have a statistical comparison owing to the few numbers of trainees. Conclusion Progressive teaching pattern is superior to the traditional training, and it should be advocated when hospitals are relatively understaffed.

Objective : To investigate the short-term clinical effect of semiconductor laser exposure combined with total glucosides of paeony (TGP) capsules for the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: Sixty-four patients with erosive oral lichen planus were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Patients in the control group were treated with TGP capsules, while patients in the experimental group were treated with TGP capsules and semiconductor laser irradiation. The clinical effects were evaluated 3 months after treatment. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 software package. Results : Three months after treatment, the effective rate in the experimental group was 90.6%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (59.4%, χ 2=5.62, P < 0.05). The physical condition and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in the experimental group were 2.17 ± 1.49 and 1.25 ± 1.29, respectively. The physical condition and VAS scores in the control group were 3.55 ± 1.41 and 2.09 ± 1.24, respectively. The physical condition and VAS scores in both groups were significantly higher after treatment than before (P < 0.05). Three months after treatment, the physical condition score (t=3.805) and VAS score (t=2.655) in the experimental group were significant higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Semiconductor laser irradiation combined with TGP capsules can improve the short-term clinical efficacy in the treatment of erosive OLP.

Objective To compare biomechanical effects of augmentative plating assisted by different types and numbers of intramedullary nails in the treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after intramedullary nailing.Methods Twenty-five specimens of synthetic femur were randomly divided into an experimental group (20 bones) and a control group (5 bones).All the bones were made into models of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after intramedullary nailing.The control group was subjected to no augmentative plating.The experimental group was further divided into 4 subgroups (n =5) which were subjected to fixation respectively by:a 7-hole plate with 3 bicortical screws on each side,a 7-hole plate with 3 unicortical screws on each side,a 5-hole plate with 2 bicortical screws on each side,and a 5-hole plate with 2 unicortical screws on each side.The torque values of all the subgroups were measured and compared when the models were subjected to torsional angles of 5°,10°,15°,20° and 25°.Results The anti-torsional strengths at torsional angles of 5°,10°,15°,20° and 25° in the 4 experimental groups were all significantly greater than in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).At a torsion angle of 25°,the mean torque value in the 3-bicortical-screw group (46.51 ±6.66 nm) was significantly greater than in the 2-bicortical-screw group (39.03 ±8.52 nm) (P ＜0.05).At torsion angles of 5°,10°and 25°,the mean torque values in the 3-unicortical-screw group (13.48±1.68 nm,23.29±3.72 nm and 48.19±5.34 nm,respectively) were significantly greater than in the 3-unicortical-screw group (9.56 ± 3.62 nm,16.99 ± 5.49 nm and 38.69 ± 6.56 nm,respectively) (P ＜ 0.05).At torsion angles of 20° and 25°,the mean torque values in the 3-unicortical-screw group (39.15 ± 5.07 nm and 48.19 ± 5.34 nm) were significantly greater than in the 2-bicortical-screwgroup (32.50 ± 5.65 nm and 39.03 ± 8.52 nm) (P ＜0.05).Conclnsions The anti-torsional strength of fixation by 3 screws on each side is significantly greater than by 2 screws on each side.When the number of screws is the same,there is no significant difference between fixation by unicortical locking screws and that by bicortical conventional screws.Augmentative plating with 3 unicortical screws or 3 bicortical conventional screws on each side is recommended for treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after intramedullary nailing.

Objective To investigate the changes of saliva biochemical parameters in the dynamic evolution of “normal constitution - kidney deficiency constitution - kidney deficiency syndrome”.Methods Totally 24 male and female SD rats of 3 months old (12 male rats and 12 female rats) were put in packet pair cage. Pregnant rats were randomly divided intoⅠ andⅡ groups, 6 rats in each group.Ⅰ group was without intimidation during pregnancy, with normal feeding, and then after the birth, 20 rats were randomly selected as normal control group and kidney deficiency syndrome model group, 10 rats in each group, half male and half female.Ⅱ group, from gestation day 2, was given intimidation until postnatal. 10 half male and half female rats were randomly selected as model group of kidney deficiency constitution. Rats in each group received normal feeding conditions for 6 weeks. The kidney deficiency syndrome model group was given intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone 25 mg/kg body weight every day, while normal control group and kidney deficiency constitution model group were injected with the same amount of normal saline for 10 consecutive days. The changes of salivary biochemical parameters were observed in each group of rats.Results Compared with the normal control group, salivary pH in the kidney deficiency constitution group and kidney deficiency syndrome group significantly increased (P<0.01). CK, ALT, AST, ALP levels in the kidney deficiency constitution group were reduced, but the contents of K, P, TP, AMY increased. The levels of CK, ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in the kidney deficiency syndrome decreased, while the contents of K, P, TP, and AMY increased (P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with the kidney deficiency constitution group, the content of LDH in the kidney deficiency syndrome group decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion Rat saliva composition changes did occur in the kidney deficiency constitution group and kidney deficiency syndrome group.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of periodontal flap surgery with the aid of microscope in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis(CP).Methods:30 patients with CP included in the study were randomly divided into 2 groups.Patients in the experiment group received periodontal flap surgery with the aid of microscope,while those in the control group received the routine flap surgery.The VAS pain scores were compared 1 ,3 and 7 days after surgery.The periodontal parameters were compared 3 and 6 months after surgery between 2 groups.Results:The VAS pain score in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group 1 and 3 days (P =0.01 7 and 0.004)after surgery;the periodontal probing depth in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group 3 and 6 months (P =0.01 0 and 0.047)after surgery.Conclusion:The periodontal probing depth,gin-gival recession and clinical attachment level can be improved and the pain can be reduced in the treatment of CP patients with the aid of microscope in the periodontal flap surgery.

Objective To study the efficacy of intra-tumoral injection of different concentrations of ethanol for nude mice with implanted pancreatic cancer and provide evidence for choosing appropriate concentration of ethanol for clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer.Methods A subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of human pancreatic cancer SW1990 was established.Forty-eight nude mice with similar tumor size were randomly divided into 20％,40％,60％,80％,95％ ethanol injection groups and saline injection group.The longest (a) and the shortest diameters (b) of tumor of nude mice were measured.Tumor volume (TV),relative tumor volume (RTV) and the relative rate of tumor proliferation (T/C％) were calculated.Eight days later the nude mice were sacrificed.The tumor tissue was harvested for pathologic examinations.Results RTV in 20％ ethanol injection group was similar that of saline injection group (P =0.212).RTV in 40％,60％,80％ and 95％ ethanol injection groups were significantly lower than that in saline injection group (P ＜ 0.01).RTV was less than 1 and T/C％ was less than 30％ in 60％,80％ and 95％ ethanol injection groups.The values of RTV and T/C％ decreased with the increase of ethanol concentration.RTV in 80％ and 95％ ethanol injection groups were significantly lower than that of 60％ ethanol injection group (P =0.003 and P =0.009).RTV was similar in 80％ and 95％ ethanol injection groups (P =0.819).The pathologic examinations showed no tumor necrosis in saline injection group,while small amounts of necrosis in implanted pancreatic cancer was observed in 20％ and 40％ ethanol injection groups,while a large area of coagulation necrosis could be found in 60％,80％ and 95％ ethanol injection groups.Conclusions Intra-tumoral injection of 80％ ethanol is feasible therapy method for nude mice with human pancreatic cancer xenografts.