AIM To study the chemical constituents from the branches and leaves of Michelia yunnanensis Franch.ex Finet & Gagnep.and their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The methanol extract was isolated and purified by silica gel,MCI,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as dihydrodehydrodiconifenyl alcohol(1),8-hydroxypinoresinol(2),lariciresinol(3),isolariciresinol(4),(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde(5),thero-2,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxypheyl)-3-methoxy-propanol(6),evofolin B(7),(E)-p-coumaryl alcohol γ-O-methyl ether(8),ω-hydroxypropioguaiacone(9),sinapaldehyde(10),isoscopoletin(11),6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin(12),2α,3α-dihydroxy-2-methylbutyrolactone(13),6-hydroxy-3(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one(14),benzofuran-2-carboxaldehyde(15),3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde(16),3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(17),3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde(18),3,4-dihydroxybenzoic methyl ester(19),vanillic acid(20).The inhibition rate of compound 1 on NO was 45.39％±0.32％.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-16,18-20 are first isolated from this plant.Compound 1 has anti-inflammatory activity.

Aim To explore the mechanism of Epimedii folium-Astmgali radix activating the SCF/c-kit signa-ling pathway to activate the PI3K/Akt signaling path-way and its effect on sperm production and vitality in oligoasthenospermia.Methods Sixty male SD rats were used to establish a model of oligoasthenospermia with cyclophosphamide.They were randomly divided into six groups:experimental group(further divided into high,medium,and low dose group),model group,control group and blank group.The oligoasthenosper-mia model was established by using cyclophosphamide in experimental group,levocarnitine group and model group.The rats in the high,medium,and low dose group of the experimental group were orally adminis-tered Epimedii folium-Astmgali radix extract at doses of 800,400,and 200 mg·kg-1,respectively,Once daily for 35 days.Rats of the control group were orally ad-ministered 250 mg·kg-1·d-1 of levocarnitine,Once daily for 35 days.ELISA was used to detect serum of T,E2,FSH,and LH.Western blot and IHC staining were used to detect the expression of SCF,c-kit,Bcl-2,Bax,PI3K,and Akt proteins in rat testicular tissues.Sperm activity is examined by microscopy.The testicu-lar tissue structure and cell morphology of rats in each group were observed.Results Compared with the model group,Epimedii folium-Astmgali radix increased the sperm density,total viability rate,and vitality(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),decreased sperm apoptosis rate and LH,T,and E2 levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),decreased Bax protein expression in testicular tissue(P＜0.01),and increased Bcl-2,SCF,c-Kit,PI3K,and Akt protein expression(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);it increased the number of germ cells,thickened basement membrane,and significantly improved seminiferous tubule mor-phology,even showing germ cells at different develop-mental stages and mature sperm.Conclusions Epi-medii folium-Astmgali radix has a significant therapeu-tic effect on oligoasthenospermia in rats.Its mechanism may be related to the activation of the SCF/c-kit signa-ling pathway to activate the PI3K/Akt signaling path-way promoting the proliferation and differentiation of germ cells,and promoting sperm production,maturation and motility.

By comparing the quality standards of histidine hydrochloride in pharmacopoeias of various countries,the optimization and improvement projects for the quality standards of histidine hydrochloride for pharmaceutical ex-cipients in the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia are clarified,and the description of this standard is standardized according to the requirements of the"Detailed Rules for the Compilation of National Pharmaceutical excipient Standards".This article aims to clarify the key research content of the quality standard formulation process for medicinal excipient histidine hydrochloride,to provide a deeper understanding of this standard for drug regulatory agencies,production enterprises,and other practitioners.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture-mediated PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK 1)/Parkin signal pathway activation in treating functional dyspepsia model rats.Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control(n=8)and the modeling groups(n=28)using the random number table method.The functional dyspepsia model was established using the compound etiology modeling method.After successful modeling,24 rats were divided into the model,electroacupuncture,and mosapride groups using the random number table method,with eight rats per group.The blank group was not intervened.The electroacupuncture,mosapride,and model groups were bound for 30 min,and only the electroacupuncture group was administered"Neiguan"(PC 6)and"Gongsun"(SP 4)while bound.The electroacupuncture and model groups were administered the same amount of normal saline,and the mosapride group was given mosapride citrate solution(1.35 mg/kg).The above intervention method were performed once a day for 7 consecutive days to observe the general condition of rats.Gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion experiments were used to observe gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate in each group of rats.The interstitial cells of the Cajal(ICC)ultrastructure of gastric antrum were observed under a transmission electron microscope.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit proto-oncogene protein(C-kit),microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)Ⅱ/Ⅰ,ubiquitin-binding protein p62(p62),Bcl-2 interacting protein 1(Beclin1),PINK1,and Parkin were detected using Western blotting and real-time fluorescence PCR.Results Compared with the blank group,the rats in the model group exhibited lethargy,dull and dry fur,sluggish responses,and substantial decreases in food intake and body weight.Their feces alternated between dry and loose consistency.Furthermore,the gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion rates were reduced(P<0.01).The ultrastructural morphology of ICC and their mitochondria in the gastric antrum tissue showed apparent damage.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit and p62 were decreased(P<0.01),whereas those of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ were increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the rats in the electroacupuncture and mosapride groups showed notable improvements in their mental state,with neat fur,enhanced activity and responsiveness,gradual increases in food intake and body weight,and well-formed feces.Additionally,the gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion rates increased(P<0.01).The ultrastructural morphology of ICC and their mitochondria in the gastric antrum tissue were notably improved.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit and p62 were increased(P<0.01),whereas those of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰwere decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture improves the gastrointestinal motility of functional dyspepsia rats,and its mechanism may be related to upregulating C-kit and p62 expression,downregulating PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ expression,inhibiting abnormal PINK1/Parkin signal pathway activation,and blocking the excessive mitophagy of ICC.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the branches and leaves of Michelia yunnanensis Franch.ex Finet & Gagnep.and their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The methanol extract was isolated and purified by silica gel,MCI,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as dihydrodehydrodiconifenyl alcohol(1),8-hydroxypinoresinol(2),lariciresinol(3),isolariciresinol(4),(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde(5),thero-2,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxypheyl)-3-methoxy-propanol(6),evofolin B(7),(E)-p-coumaryl alcohol γ-O-methyl ether(8),ω-hydroxypropioguaiacone(9),sinapaldehyde(10),isoscopoletin(11),6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin(12),2α,3α-dihydroxy-2-methylbutyrolactone(13),6-hydroxy-3(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one(14),benzofuran-2-carboxaldehyde(15),3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde(16),3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(17),3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde(18),3,4-dihydroxybenzoic methyl ester(19),vanillic acid(20).The inhibition rate of compound 1 on NO was 45.39％±0.32％.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-16,18-20 are first isolated from this plant.Compound 1 has anti-inflammatory activity.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) and traditional Posterior Spinal Fusion (PSF) in treating children with paralytic scoliosis with pelvic obliquity (PSPO) following spinal cord injury.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 25 patients with PSPO who underwent surgical treatment at the Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School from January 2017 to June 2023. The cohort included 4 males and 21 females, aged 12.3±2.8 years (range 9-14 years). Patients were divided into the MIS group (12 cases) and the PSF group (13 cases). Radiological parameters were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow-up. Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion volume, length of hospital stay, total hospitalization costs, and complications were recorded. The Scoliosis Research Society questionnaires-22 (SRS-22) Chinese version were used to assess patient satisfaction and efficacy.Results:There were no statistically significant differences between the MIS and PSF groups in age, gender, Risser sign, preoperative Cobb angle for scoliosis, pelvic tilt angle, or local kyphosis angle ( P>0.05). The MIS group demonstrated surgical time of 176±30 minutes, intraoperative blood loss of 300±70 ml, blood transfusion volume of 280±175 ml, and total hospitalization costs of 87'800± 13'300 yuan, all of which were lower than PSF group, with values of 280±91 minutes, 1'433±116 ml, 1'351±996 ml, and 14'8400±26'100 yuan, respectively. These differences were statistically significant ( t=3.789, P=0.001; t=29.328, P<0.001; t=3.667, P=0.001; t=7.271, P<0.001). In the MIS group, preoperative, postoperative, and last follow-up Cobb angles were 79.11°±6.74°, 35.86°±4.98°, and 36.27°±4.84° respectively; pelvic tilt angles were 24.79°±5.58°, 9.18°±3.32°, and 8.79°±2.94°; local kyphosis angles were 38.84°±4.18°, 12.96°±4.87°, and 11.43°±6.08°, respectively. Postoperative and last follow-up angles were significantly reduced compared to preoperative values, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). In the PSF group, preoperative, postoperative, and last follow-up Cobb angles were 82.06°±9.26°, 34.75°±5.14°, and 35.15°±5.04° respectively; pelvic tilt angles were 26.60°±6.21°, 10.12°±3.21°, and 9.91°±2.97°; local kyphosis angles were 40.92°±7.04°, 10.92°±7.26°, and 14.02°±5.58°, respectively. Differences from preoperative to postoperative measurements were statistically significant ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, both groups showed no significant loss of scoliosis correction, and there were no statistically significant differences between the groups postoperatively or at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). In the MIS group, one case of superficial surgical site infection and one case of postoperative atelectasis occurred. In the PSF group, two cases of deep surgical site infection, one case of poor screw placement, and two cases were transferred to the ICU postoperatively due to excessive intraoperative bleeding. Preoperative SRS-22 total scores were 2.0±0.6 for PSF and 2.1±0.4 for MIS. Postoperative SRS-22 total scores (excluding satisfaction) were 3.0±0.5 for PSF and 2.9±0.3 for MIS. The within-group differences from preoperative to postoperative were statistically significant ( P<0.05), while the between-group differences from preoperative to postoperative were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared to the PSF technique, MIS can shorten surgery time, reduce intraoperative blood loss and perioperative complications, and decrease hospitalization costs. MIS can achieve similar early clinical efficacy.

Objective:To explore a selective resection strategy for combined lumbosacral hemivertebra (LSHV) and thoracolumbar hemivertebra/lumbar hemivertebra (TLHV/LHV) double-balanced hemivertebra deformities.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 21 patients aged over 10 years with lumbosacral and thoracolumbar or lumbar combined hemimetameric segmental shift (HMMS) deformities who underwent surgery at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between May 2009 and October 2022. The cohort included 7 males and 14 females, with a mean surgical age of 21.5±10.9 years (range: 12-55 years) and a mean follow-up duration of 32.8±15.9 months (range: 24-74 months). Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative coronal balance: the balanced group (Type A) and the unbalanced group (Type C). Radiographic parameters, including the major Cobb angle, lumbosacral take-off angle, kyphotic angle, coronal balance distance (CBD), and the deviation of the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV), were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Surgical complications were also recorded.Results:Of the 21 patients, 11 were classified as preoperatively balanced, and 10 as unbalanced. The deformity angular ratio of thoracolumbar to lumbosacral curves was significantly higher in the balanced group than in the unbalanced group (0.9±0.3 vs. 0.6±0.2; t=2.143, P=0.045). The preoperative main curve Cobb angles in the balanced and imbalanced groups were 71.3°±22.3° and 58.6°±8.2°, respectively. One week postoperatively, these angles were reduced to 38.4°±17.6° and 31.3°±5.6°, and were maintained at 40.0°±18.1° and 32.6°±5.6° at the final follow-up, all differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The preoperative lumbosacral take-off angles were 37.5°±9.1° in the balanced group and 36.7°±7.7° in the imbalanced group, which decreased to 18.4°±9.4° and 19.2°±5.5° at 1 week postoperatively, and remained at 19.4°±10.1° and 19.6°±5.8° at the final follow-up. These changes were also statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the balanced group, the UIV tilt angle, the CBD and the deviation of the UIV, were all significantly reduced compared to preoperative values ( P<0.05). Among the 21 patients, LSHV resection was performed in 15 cases, and TLHV/LHV resection was performed in 7 cases. Among the 15 patients with kyphosis, TLHV/LHV resection was performed in 6 cases. In the balanced group, 9 patients maintained type A postoperatively, including 4 patients with LSHV resection, 2 with TLHV/LHV resection, 2 with both LSHV and TLHV/LHV resection, 1 without resection of both hemivertebra. Two patients in the balanced group who underwent TLHV/LHV resection experienced postoperative deterioration to type C. In the unbalanced group, 8 cases with LSHV resection improved to type A, while 1 case with LSHV resection and 1 case with neither resection maintained C-type. In the LSHV resection group, CBD improved from 29.8±15.2 mm to 13.9±5.7 mm postoperatively and remained stable at 14.6±8.6 mm at final follow-up. Only 1 patient in this group experienced worsened coronal imbalance. In contrast, in the non-LSHV resection group, CBD worsened from 17.2 ± 8.7 mm to 19.7±12.1 mm postoperatively, progressing further to 20.5±13.0 mm at follow-up. Three patients in this group had worsening coronal imbalance, and 2 required revision surgery. Reported complications included 3 cases of internal fixation fracture, 1 case of proximal junctional kyphosis, and 1 case of acute incision infection. Conclusions:Effective resection of lumbosacral hemivertebrae is the preferred selective strategy, particularly for patients with preoperative coronal imbalance, as it significantly reduces the risk of worsening coronal imbalance and internal fixation-related complications. However, selective resection involving only TLHV or LHV without addressing LSHV in preoperatively balanced patients may increase the risk of postoperative coronal imbalance.

Objective:To investigate the effect of anterior and posterior selective fusion strategy on evolution of coronal pattern in patients with Lenke 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and whether upper end vertebra (UEV)-1 strategy in anterior surgery would have an effect on postoperative coronal balance.Methods:A total of 108 Lenke 5C AIS patients with at least 2 years follow-up who underwent anterior or posterior selective thoracolumbar fusion surgery from January 2005 to December 2020 were enrolled, with 51 patients in the anterior group and 57 patients in the posterior group. The patients were categorized into three groups (type A, C 7PL-CSVL<20 mm; type B, C 7PL-CSVL ≥20 mm with C 7PL toward the concave side of the main curve; and type C, C 7PL-CSVL≥20 mm with C 7PL toward the convex side of the main curve) to investigate the evolution of coronal balance of each preoperative coronal pattern at the anterior and posterior groups. Parameters such as thoracolumbar Cobb angle, rate of coronal imbalance, and SRS-22 score were recorded at preoperative, 1 week postoperatively, and final follow-up in both groups. Results:The differences of basic date between the two groups were not statistically significant except for the fusion level (5.2±0.7 vs. 5.6±0.9, t=2.497, P=0.014). In the anterior group, a total of 27 patients with preoperative type A, 23 patients with preoperative type A maintained type A at the 1 week postoperatively, and 2 of them were converted to type C at the final follow-up. Four patients with preoperative type A converted to type C at the 1 week postoperatively, and all of them returned to type A at the final follow-up. A total of 23 patients with preoperative type C, four patients with preoperative type C maintained type C at the 1 week postoperatively, and one of them maintained type C at the final follow-up. Nineteen patients with preoperative type C converted to type A at the 1 week postoperatively, and all of them maintained type A at the final follow-up. In the posterior group, a total of 26 patients with preoperative type A, 22 patients with preoperative type A maintained type A at the 1 week postoperatively, and only 2 of these patients converted to type C at the final follow-up. Four of the preoperative type A patients converted to type C at the 1 week postoperatively, and all of them returned to type A at the final follow-up. A total of 29 patients with preoperative type C, thirteen patients with preoperative type C maintained type C at the 1 week postoperatively, and 7 of them maintained type C at the last follow-up. Sixteen patients with preoperative type C converted to type A at the 1 week postoperatively, of whom two converted to type C at the final follow-up. For patients with preoperative type C the rate of coronal imbalance was significantly lower in the anterior group than in the posterior group both in the immediate postoperative period (17% vs. 45%, P<0.05) and at the final follow-up (4% vs. 31%, P=0.038). The rate of coronal imbalance at final follow-up was significantly lower in the UEV-1 group than in the UEV group in the posterior approach (3% vs. 38%, P<0.05), and there was no difference between the two groups in the anterior approach. There were no significant differences in radiographic parameters and SRS-22 scores between the two groups, except for the thoracic Cobb angle at the final follow-up, which was greater in the anterior group than in the posterior group at the final follow-up (19.5±7.3 vs.16.4±5.6, t=2.427, P=0.017). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that anterior surgery and Risser were risk factors for postoperative CIB of preoperative type C ( OR=21.138, P=0.030 and OR=0.406, P=0.048 respectively). Conclusion:For patients with preoperative type A, both anterior and posterior procedures lead to a satisfactory reconstruction of coronal balance. In patients with preoperative type C, anterior surgery acquire a better reconstruction of coronal balance. The strategy of proximal UEV-1 was similar to the strategy of UEV in terms of restoring coronary balance in anterior approach and it was unable to lower the rate of postoperative coronal imbalance. In contrast, UEV-1 strategy in posterior surgery was effective in reducing the rate of postoperative coronal imbalance.

Objective:To investigate the impact of correcting rotational subluxation through circumferential fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) on postoperative coronal plane imbalance in degenerative scoliosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 108 patients with type A degenerative scoliosis in the Nanjing classification who underwent primary multi-segment posterior column osteotomy (PCO) with deformity correction and internal fixation at Nanjing Gulou Hospital from June 2017 to June 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of preoperative rotational subluxation: the rotational subluxation group and the non-rotational subluxation group. The rotational subluxation group consisted of 60 patients, with 8 males and 52 females, aged 63.7±5.5 years (range, 56-75 years). The non-rotational subluxation group included 48 patients, with 5 males and 43 females, aged 64.4±5.2 years (range, 53-72 years). Within the rotational subluxation group, depending on whether TLIF was performed on the rotational subluxation segment, they were further categorized into the TLIF group and the PCO group. The TLIF group comprised 28 patients, while the PCO group had 32 patients. Full-spine anteroposterior and lateral X-rays were taken preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow-up to measure coronal balance types and radiographic parameters. The differences in the lumbar Cobb angle, coronal balance distance (CBD), and the Cobb angle of the lumbosacral curve (Cobb-Fra angle) were compared between the rotational subluxation group and the non-rotational subluxation group, as well as between the TLIF group and the PCO group.Results:The average surgery duration ranged from 200 to 310 min, with a mean of 235±47 min. The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 700 to 2,400 ml, with an average of 950±355 ml. The number of fused segments in the rotational subluxation group was 7.6±2.1, ranging from 5 to 11 segments, while in the non-rotational subluxation group, it was 7.4±2.0, ranging from 5 to 10 segments. Postoperatively, 13%(8/60) of patients in the rotational subluxation group developed type C coronal imbalance, significantly higher than the 2%(1/48) in the non-rotational subluxation group. The immediate postoperative and final follow-up lumbar Cobb angles, CBD, and Cobb-Fra angles in the rotational subluxation group were 20.60°±10.73° and 20.33°±10.92°, 22.53±16.45 mm and 18.53±17.31 mm, 13.14°±4.40° and 11.23°±4.92°, respectively, which were higher than those in the non-rotational subluxation group (13.92°±7.02° and 12.92°±6.64°, 18.62±17.44 mm and 8.83±8.95 mm, 11.91°±3.03° and 9.52°±3.30°), with statistical significance ( P<0.05).. Among patients in the rotational subluxation group, the probability of new-onset coronal imbalance postoperatively was 4%(1/28) in the TLIF group, which was lower than the 22%(7/32) in the PCO group, with a statistically significant difference (χ 2=4.330, P=0.037). The immediate postoperative and final follow-up lumbar Cobb angles, CBD, and Cobb-Fra angles in the PCO group were 25.63°±11.00° and 25.13°±11.04°, 27.37±18.95 mm and 25.25±18.67 mm, 15.50°±3.62° and 14.08°±4.77°, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the TLIF group (14.86°±6.96° and 14.86°±5.37°, 17.08±10.94 mm and 10.86±7.86 mm, 10.14°±3.37° and 8.46°±2.66°), with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For patients with Type A degenerative scoliosis combined with rotational subluxation according to the Nanjing classification, performing a 360-degree circumferential release and interbody fusion at the segment with rotatory subluxation can reduce the risk of developing new postoperative coronal imbalances.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of SRS-Schwab grade 4 osteotomy and vertebral column resection (VCR) in the surgical correction of type II congenital kyphosis (CK).Methods:A retrospective review was conducted on clinical and radiographic data from patients with type II CK who underwent corrective surgery at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between June 2008 and December 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on the osteotomy technique employed: the VCR group (21cases) and the SRS-Schwab grade 4 osteotomy group (19 cases). Clinical parameters, including operative duration, estimated blood loss (EBL), number of segmentation failure levels, number of fused segments, and the use of anterior support cages, were compared between groups. Radiographic parameters included the number of segmentation fusion and measurements of segmental kyphosis (SK) preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. The degree and rate of SK correction were also calculated and compared. Complications such as neurophysiological monitoring events, neurological injury, implant breakage, proximal junctional kyphosis/lordosis (PJK/PJL), sagittal translation (ST), and implant failure were recorded. Additionally, SRS-22 questionnaire scores were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the latest follow-up.Results:A total of 40 patients were included, with a mean follow-up duration of 48.96±21.31 months (range, 24-96 months). Compared to the SRS-Schwab group, the VCR group had significantly more levels of segmentation defect (3.85±0.79 vs. 2.68±0.54), required more fused segments (8.00±2.23 vs. 5.47±2.04), had longer operative time (358.71±77.06 min vs. 212.52±77.05 min), and greater EBL (963.66±278.49 ml vs. 698.94±222.20 ml), all with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in local kyphotic angle, correction magnitude, or correction rate between groups postoperatively (P>0.05). Among patients with ≤48 months of follow-up, the SRS-Schwab group showed significantly lower SK (13.00°±16.28° vs. 34.00°±21.37°) and a higher correction rate (82.52%±21.40% vs. 52.84%±24.67%) at final follow-up ( P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in patients with >48 months of follow-up ( P>0.05), or in the overall cohort regardless of follow-up duration ( P>0.05). Complication rates were comparable between groups ( P>0.05). One neurophysiological monitoring event, 1 neurological injury, 3 cases of PJK, 1 case of PJL, 2 cases of ST, and 2 implant failures were observed in VCR group. The SRS-Schwab Grade 4 osteotomy group had 1 neurophysiological monitoring event, 1 neurological injury, 4 cases of PJK, 2 cases of ST, and 1 implant failure. The complication rates between the groups were not statistically different ( P>0.05). Both groups showed significant improvements in the self-image domain of the SRS-22 postoperatively and at the final follow-up ( P<0.05). In the function domain, both groups also demonstrated significant improvement at the final follow-up ( P<0.05), while the SRS-Schwab group showed earlier improvement at 3 months postoperatively ( P<0.05). Conclusions:SRS-Schwab grade 4 osteotomy provides comparable correction of segmental kyphosis to VCR but offers the advantages of significantly reduced blood loss and shorter operative time. Both surgical techniques effectively improve patients' quality of life.