Objective To investigate the levels of radionuclides in food in Beijing, China, and assess the committed effective dose to local residents from food intake. Methods From 2021 to 2022, a total of 65 food samples across 7 categories were collected in Beijing. The activity concentrations of radionuclides, including ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²³⁸U, ²²⁸Ra, ²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K, ⁹⁰Sr, ²¹⁰Po, ³H and ¹⁴C, were measured using gamma spectrometry and radiochemical methods. By combining the monitoring results with dietary consumption data of Beijing residents and the internal dose coefficients for Chinese reference adult phantom, the committed effective dose was estimated. Results The levels of radionuclides in food in Beijing were within the normal background range, consistent with related surveys in China and abroad, with activity concentrations below national standard limits. No significant differences were found in the activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs, ²³⁸U, ²²⁸Ra, ²²⁶Ra and ⁴⁰K between food samples collected from key areas and those from control areas (P > 0.05). The committed effective doses calculated according to internal dose coefficients for Chinese reference adult male phantom and GB 18871-2002 were 0.26 mSv and 0.19 mSv, respectively. Based on the Chinese reference adult male phantom, the majority of the committed effective dose was attributed to ²¹⁰Pb (45.1%), ²²⁸Ra (37.1%), ²¹⁰Po (12.3%), and ²²⁶Ra (4.7%). Conclusion The levels of radionuclides in food in Beijing fluctuated within the background range, resulting in a low radiation dose burden to the population.

Objective:To investigate the differences in clinical outcomes of septic children with varying serum zinc levels,and to analyze the relationship between reduced serum zinc levels and organ dysfunction as well as 28-day mortality in septic children.Methods:This study conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from pediatric patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock in the Department of critical care medicine of the children's Hospital of Soochow University between January 2017 and December 2022.Clinical characteristics,organ dysfunction,and prognosis were compared between two groups:children with low serum zinc levels and those with normal zinc levels.Results:The serum zinc level of septic children within 24 hours of admission was 9.60(5.52,13.80)μmol/L,with 50.54%(94/186)of the children exhibiting low serum zinc levels(<10.07 μmol/L).Compared to the normal serum zinc group,the low serum zinc group had a significantly lower Pediatric Critical Illness Score(PCIS)[(78.71±9.35)vs.(85.12±8.51),P=0.005]and higher 28-day mortality(46.80%vs.14.13%,P<0.001).The low serum zinc group also had a higher proportion of invasive mechanical ventilation(64.89%vs.47.82%,P=0.019),renal replacement therapy(15.59%vs.3.26%,P=0.003),and use of vasoactive drugs(56.38%vs.30.43%,P<0.001).The rate of underlying conditions in the low serum zinc group was significantly higher than that in the normal serum zinc group(57.44%vs.36.95%,P=0.005).Additionally,the low serum zinc group had a higher incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC),respiratory failure,acute kidney injury,shock,and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)compared to the normal serum zinc group(P<0.05).Serum zinc levels had predictive value for 28-day mortality in septic children(AUC=0.813;95%CI:0.725～0.902;P<0.001).A serum zinc level of less than 6.950 μmol/L predicted the death of septic children with a sensitivity of 0.618 and a specificity of 0.902.Conclusion:Sepsis in children is commonly associated with low serum zinc levels,especially in those with underlying conditions such as hematologic and oncologic disorders.Sepsis patients hypozincemia with a higher incidence of DIC,respiratory failure,acute kidney injury,shock,and MODS.A serum zinc level below 6.95 μmol/L serves as a significant predictor of 28-day mortality in children with severe sepsis.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

[Objective]To investigate the protective effect of overexpressed miRNA-200a&c on Angiostrongylus cantonensis-induced demyelinating optic neuritis in Balb/c mice.[Methods]SPF-grade Balb/c mice(2-3 weeks old)were divided into four groups:a normal group,and three A.cantonensis-infected groups at 7,14,and 21 days post-infection(dpi).Body weight,survival status,neurobehavioral scores,and visual function scores were recorded.Visual evoked potential(VEP)was used to detect visual damage,and transmission electron microscope(TEM)was applied to observe ocular structural changes.On day 7 post-infection,mice were stereotactically injected with exogenous miRNA-200a&c mimics into the lateral ventricle,and then divided into four groups:normal control,A.cantonensis-infected(AC-21 dpi),A.cantonensis-infected+negative control(AC+NC),and A.cantonensis-infected+overexpressed miRNA-200a&c(AC+miRNA-200a&c)mimics.VEP and TEM were repeated to assess visual damage and ocular structural changes.Immunofluorescence was performed to quantify retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)and oligodendrocytes(OLs)in the optic nerve.[Results]At 21 dpi,some mice exhibited complete eyelid closure(32.52±4.67)%or ocular atrophy(15.79±3.23)%,weight loss(P＜0.05)and altered consciousness.Neurobehavioral scores significantly decreased(P＜0.01),with a 68%decline in rotarod performance;some mice even displayed hemiplegia,slowed movement,ataxia,and directional deficits.Additionally,a subset of mice showed diminished sensory responses,unilateral vision loss(83%reduction in optokinetic threshold),and impaired visual function(P＜0.05).VEP results revealed a mild prolongation of latency in infected mice at 21 dpi(P＜0.05),predominantly affecting one eye.Following overexpression of miRNA-200a&c,compared with the 21 dpi group,VEP showed significantly shortened P1 latency(P＜0.05);TEM showed alleviated cytoplasmic swelling of RGCs,and improved compactness and uniformity of myelin sheath(P＜0.05);immunofluorescence showed increased numbers of RGCs and OLs with improved cell alignment(P＜0.05).[Conclusions]A.cantonensis infection induces demyelinating optic neuritis in Balb/c mice.Overexpression of miRNA-200a&c alleviates the resulting damage and ameliorates ocular injury.

[Objective]To investigate the demyelination induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis(AC)infection in the brain of Balb/c mice and analyze the untargeted metabolomic changes in the corpus callosum,aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.[Methods]Balb/c mice were randomly assigned to a control group(n=6)and an infection group(n=6).The infection group was orally administered 30 third-stage larvae of AC,while the control group received an equal volume of saline.Body weight,visual function,and behavioral scores were measured on post-infection 3,6,9,12,15,18,and 21 days to assess neurological alterations.After 21 days,brain tissues were harvested for immunofluorescence staining,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and transmission electron microscopy to examine morphological changes in brain myelin and retina.Metabolomics analysis was performed,and differential metabolites were identified using volcano plots and heatmaps.The distribution of fold changes and bar charts were used to profile the key metabolites.These differential metabolites were then subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis and regulatory network analysis.[Results]On the 9th day after AC infection,Balb/c mice showed a decline in neurological behavioral scores(P<0.05).By day 15,visual scores decreased(P<0.05),and by day 21,significant weight loss(P＜0.001)and mortality were observed.Concurrently,transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining revealed significant myelin damage in the corpus callosum and a marked reduction in oligodendrocytes(P<0.001).HE staining showed severe retinal ganglion cell damage.Metabolomic analysis revealed that glycerophospholipids were the most abundant differential metabolites,with steroids and sphingolipids being relatively less abundant.Cholesteryl ester CE(20:2)was significantly upregulated(P<0.001),while phosphatidylmethanol(18:0_18:1)was significantly downregulated(P<0.01).KEGG enrichment and regulatory network analyses demonstrated that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways like steroid biosynthesis,bile secretion,and cholesterol metabolism,and were involved in key metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism,neural signal regulation,and glycerophospholipid metabolism.[Conclusions]AC infection affects the metabolic state of mice via multiple pathways,modifying the levels of metabolites crucial for myelination and myelin stability.Demyelination may be closely linked to the disruption of these key metabolic pathways,particularly the dysregulation of cholesterol and sphingolipid metabolism,potentially playing a central role in demyelination onset.Furthermore,alterations in phospholipid metabolism and abnormal nerve signaling regulation may exacerbate myelin damage.

Objective To investigate the effects of remimazolam(Rem)on postoperative cognitive function in aging model rats and elu-cidate the mechanisms underlying its regulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor-B(BDNF/TrkB)pathway.Methods SD rats were randomly assigned to control,model,Rem-L,Rem-M,Rem-H,and Rem-H+7,8-DHF groups,and a Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of rats,whereas pathological changes in the hippocampal neurons of rats were assessed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining.In addition,we also examined the levels of inflammatory factors,including interleukin-18(IL-18),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in rat serum,and those of oxidative stress indi-cators[superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),and malondialdehyde(MDA)]in brain tissue,whereas Western blotting analysis was performed to determine the expression of BDNF/TrkB signaling axis-related proteins and their downstream signaling molecules.Results Hippocampal neurons of the control group rats were observed to be characterized by a tight and regular arrangement,with clear cell boundaries,cytoplasm,and nuclei.Contrastingly,the hippocampal neurons of model group rats were found to be disorderly arranged,with irregular cell morphologies and condensed nuclei being detected in some cells.In water maze tests,compared with the con-trol group rats,those in the model group were found to have a longer escape latency(P＜0.05),and in these rats,we detected significant increases in the levels of IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α in serum,and levels of MDA,BDNF,TrkB,p-AKT/AKT,and ERK1 in brain tissues(P＜0.05),whereas there were significant reductions in the levels of SOD and GSH(P＜0.05).Furthermore,compared with rats in the model group,the hippocampal neuronal cells of rats in the Rem-L,Rem-M,and Rem-H groups tended to become gradually more orderly,along with a progressive reduction in the number of damaged cells(P＜0.05).In addition,there was a gradual shortening of the escape latency of these rats(P＜0.05),along with gradual reductions in the levels of IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α in serum,and the levels of MDA,BDNF,and TrkB in brain tissues(P＜0.05),whereas the levels of SOD and GSH gradually increased(P＜0.05).Moreover,we established that the addition of the BDNF/TrkB activator 7,8-DHF reversed the regulatory effect of Rem on the postoperative cognitive function in aging rats(P＜0.05).Conclusion Rem can regulate the postoperative cognitive function in aging rats,the underlying mechanisms of action of which may be associated with an inhibition of the BDNF/TrkB pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of remimazolam(Rem)on postoperative cognitive function in aging model rats and elu-cidate the mechanisms underlying its regulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor-B(BDNF/TrkB)pathway.Methods SD rats were randomly assigned to control,model,Rem-L,Rem-M,Rem-H,and Rem-H+7,8-DHF groups,and a Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of rats,whereas pathological changes in the hippocampal neurons of rats were assessed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining.In addition,we also examined the levels of inflammatory factors,including interleukin-18(IL-18),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in rat serum,and those of oxidative stress indi-cators[superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),and malondialdehyde(MDA)]in brain tissue,whereas Western blotting analysis was performed to determine the expression of BDNF/TrkB signaling axis-related proteins and their downstream signaling molecules.Results Hippocampal neurons of the control group rats were observed to be characterized by a tight and regular arrangement,with clear cell boundaries,cytoplasm,and nuclei.Contrastingly,the hippocampal neurons of model group rats were found to be disorderly arranged,with irregular cell morphologies and condensed nuclei being detected in some cells.In water maze tests,compared with the con-trol group rats,those in the model group were found to have a longer escape latency(P＜0.05),and in these rats,we detected significant increases in the levels of IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α in serum,and levels of MDA,BDNF,TrkB,p-AKT/AKT,and ERK1 in brain tissues(P＜0.05),whereas there were significant reductions in the levels of SOD and GSH(P＜0.05).Furthermore,compared with rats in the model group,the hippocampal neuronal cells of rats in the Rem-L,Rem-M,and Rem-H groups tended to become gradually more orderly,along with a progressive reduction in the number of damaged cells(P＜0.05).In addition,there was a gradual shortening of the escape latency of these rats(P＜0.05),along with gradual reductions in the levels of IL-1β,IL-18,TNF-α in serum,and the levels of MDA,BDNF,and TrkB in brain tissues(P＜0.05),whereas the levels of SOD and GSH gradually increased(P＜0.05).Moreover,we established that the addition of the BDNF/TrkB activator 7,8-DHF reversed the regulatory effect of Rem on the postoperative cognitive function in aging rats(P＜0.05).Conclusion Rem can regulate the postoperative cognitive function in aging rats,the underlying mechanisms of action of which may be associated with an inhibition of the BDNF/TrkB pathway.

[Objective]To investigate the protective effect of overexpressed miRNA-200a&c on Angiostrongylus cantonensis-induced demyelinating optic neuritis in Balb/c mice.[Methods]SPF-grade Balb/c mice(2-3 weeks old)were divided into four groups:a normal group,and three A.cantonensis-infected groups at 7,14,and 21 days post-infection(dpi).Body weight,survival status,neurobehavioral scores,and visual function scores were recorded.Visual evoked potential(VEP)was used to detect visual damage,and transmission electron microscope(TEM)was applied to observe ocular structural changes.On day 7 post-infection,mice were stereotactically injected with exogenous miRNA-200a&c mimics into the lateral ventricle,and then divided into four groups:normal control,A.cantonensis-infected(AC-21 dpi),A.cantonensis-infected+negative control(AC+NC),and A.cantonensis-infected+overexpressed miRNA-200a&c(AC+miRNA-200a&c)mimics.VEP and TEM were repeated to assess visual damage and ocular structural changes.Immunofluorescence was performed to quantify retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)and oligodendrocytes(OLs)in the optic nerve.[Results]At 21 dpi,some mice exhibited complete eyelid closure(32.52±4.67)%or ocular atrophy(15.79±3.23)%,weight loss(P＜0.05)and altered consciousness.Neurobehavioral scores significantly decreased(P＜0.01),with a 68%decline in rotarod performance;some mice even displayed hemiplegia,slowed movement,ataxia,and directional deficits.Additionally,a subset of mice showed diminished sensory responses,unilateral vision loss(83%reduction in optokinetic threshold),and impaired visual function(P＜0.05).VEP results revealed a mild prolongation of latency in infected mice at 21 dpi(P＜0.05),predominantly affecting one eye.Following overexpression of miRNA-200a&c,compared with the 21 dpi group,VEP showed significantly shortened P1 latency(P＜0.05);TEM showed alleviated cytoplasmic swelling of RGCs,and improved compactness and uniformity of myelin sheath(P＜0.05);immunofluorescence showed increased numbers of RGCs and OLs with improved cell alignment(P＜0.05).[Conclusions]A.cantonensis infection induces demyelinating optic neuritis in Balb/c mice.Overexpression of miRNA-200a&c alleviates the resulting damage and ameliorates ocular injury.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

In recent years,the isolation rate of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneunoniae(CRKP)in China has increased year by year.Due to its multidrug resistance and high mortality in patients,CRKP brings severe challen-ges to the clinical treatment.The major mechanism of drug resistance in CRKP is the production of carbapenemases,with Ambler A,B,and D being the common types while Ambler type C comparativly rare.Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase(KPC)is the most common carbapenemase,which belongs to type A.KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae(KPC-KP)widely spreads in the world,with very limited number of effective clinical drugs.In this re-view,advances in the treatment KPC-KP were summarized to provide reference for clinical treatment.