ObjectiveTo address the shortage of high-caliber multidisciplinary professionals in China's rehabilitation engineering field and the prominent issue of "separation between medicine and engineering" in existing curricula, this study introduces the World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF) to construct a systematic curriculum system for rehabilitation engineering. MethodsGuided by the four core competency domains of RCF (practice, professionalism, learning and development, management and leadership) and their associated supporting knowledge, the rehabilitation engineering curriculum was restructured into a modular framework, piloted and validated within the Biomedical Engineering (Intelligent Robotics) program at University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences. ResultsA four-tiered curriculum system comprising General Education-Disciplinary Platform-Professional Core-Diverse Electives with a total of 160 credits was established, achieving precise mapping between competency objectives and course content. The students in the pilot cohort demonstrated outstanding academic performance (50% ranked in the top ten of their major), they also gained a deeper understanding and mastery of interdisciplinary knowledge integrating medicine and engineering. ConclusionThe RCF-based curriculum system effectively promotes the organic integration of medical and engineering knowledge, providing an internationally aligned competency-oriented paradigm for rehabilitation engineering talent cultivation, which holds significant value for broader application.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the current development status of clinical pharmacist training bases and the pharmacist workforce in China， and to provide evidence for standardizing base construction and promoting the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to all clinical pharmacist training bases for urgently-needed health professionals and clinical pharmacist training bases under the Chinese Hospital Association that had been approved by the end of 2023 to collect data including base profiles and pharmacist staffing conditions. Expert teams carried out field investigations to verify the collected data. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the quantity， type and regional distribution of training bases， and the influencing factors of pharmacist staffing in the bases were analyzed. RESULTS Field surveys were completed covering 297 training bases across 31 provincial-level administrative regions. Among the base hospitals， 87.88% were Grade A tertiary general hospitals， and 65.32% were located in provincial capitals. The eastern region had the largest number of bases （136， accounting for 45.79%）， followed by the western region （79， 26.60%）. Great disparities existed among provinces in terms of base quantity and hospital scale. The median proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel in base hospitals was 4.05%， and the median number of clinical pharmacists per 100 hospital beds was 0.53. Both indicators reached the highest in the eastern region （0.57， 4.43%） and the lowest in the northeastern region （0.45， 3.01%）. A total of 3 627 full-time clinical pharmacists were employed in all surveyed bases， among whom 83.68% held clinical pharmacist training certificates， 35.43% possessed senior professional titles， and 78.19% had postgraduate or higher educational background. The total annual training capacity of the surveyed bases was 4 291 trainees， with obvious differences in annual training capacity across regions and provinces. Training specialties covered 19 specialized disciplines plus one general discipline， and no province could deliver training for all 20 specialties simultaneously. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that geographic region exerte d a significant impact on the proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel （≥4%） （ P ＜0.05）， while the approval time of training bases and hospital scale had significant effects on the number of clinical pharmacists per 100 beds （≥0.6） （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS China’s clinical pharmacist training system has basically matured and taken initial shape. The distribution of clinical pharmacist training resources is generally consistent with regional population and economic development levels. However， the allocation of pharmaceutical staff and clinical pharmacists has not yet met national standards and clinical service demands.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the current development status of clinical pharmacist training bases and the pharmacist workforce in China， and to provide evidence for standardizing base construction and promoting the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to all clinical pharmacist training bases for urgently-needed health professionals and clinical pharmacist training bases under the Chinese Hospital Association that had been approved by the end of 2023 to collect data including base profiles and pharmacist staffing conditions. Expert teams carried out field investigations to verify the collected data. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the quantity， type and regional distribution of training bases， and the influencing factors of pharmacist staffing in the bases were analyzed. RESULTS Field surveys were completed covering 297 training bases across 31 provincial-level administrative regions. Among the base hospitals， 87.88% were Grade A tertiary general hospitals， and 65.32% were located in provincial capitals. The eastern region had the largest number of bases （136， accounting for 45.79%）， followed by the western region （79， 26.60%）. Great disparities existed among provinces in terms of base quantity and hospital scale. The median proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel in base hospitals was 4.05%， and the median number of clinical pharmacists per 100 hospital beds was 0.53. Both indicators reached the highest in the eastern region （0.57， 4.43%） and the lowest in the northeastern region （0.45， 3.01%）. A total of 3 627 full-time clinical pharmacists were employed in all surveyed bases， among whom 83.68% held clinical pharmacist training certificates， 35.43% possessed senior professional titles， and 78.19% had postgraduate or higher educational background. The total annual training capacity of the surveyed bases was 4 291 trainees， with obvious differences in annual training capacity across regions and provinces. Training specialties covered 19 specialized disciplines plus one general discipline， and no province could deliver training for all 20 specialties simultaneously. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that geographic region exerte d a significant impact on the proportion of pharmaceutical technical personnel （≥4%） （ P ＜0.05）， while the approval time of training bases and hospital scale had significant effects on the number of clinical pharmacists per 100 beds （≥0.6） （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS China’s clinical pharmacist training system has basically matured and taken initial shape. The distribution of clinical pharmacist training resources is generally consistent with regional population and economic development levels. However， the allocation of pharmaceutical staff and clinical pharmacists has not yet met national standards and clinical service demands.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of quality management in clinical pharmacist training bases in China， and to provide references for the standardized development and improvement of these bases. METHODS A combined approach of questionnaire survey and on-site investigation was adopted， targeting the healthcare highly sought-after talent （clinical pharmacist） training bases in 31 provinces of China as well as the clinical pharmacist training bases affiliated with the Chinese Hospital Association. A training quality management evaluation index system consisting of 25 tertiary indicators was established. Investigations were conducted from two dimensions： structural quality of training and quality management of training processes. Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. RESULTS On-site investigations were completed for 297 clinical pharmacist training bases across the 31 provinces， among which 284 were affiliated with the Chinese Hospital Association and 271 were healthcare highly sought-after talent （clinical pharmacist） training bases. In terms of structural quality， the core indicator compliance rate for hospital-level training systems exceeded 80%， the rate of special fund utilization for designated purposes reached 80.13%， and the overall compliance rate for software and hardware facilities surpassed 88%. A total of 1 348 preceptors were employed across the training bases， among whom those with senior professional titles and full-time specialist clinical pharmacists as lead preceptors accounted for 62.91% and 94.36%， respectively. Regarding process quality， the compliance rate for “establishment of clinical practice teaching groups in accordance with regulations during clinical department rotations” was 85.19%， and 79.80% and 76.09% of the bases were found to implement strict confidentiality in theoretical examinations and meet the required scale of assessment cases， respectively. However， formal documents of corresponding training management regulations were formulated in only 57.91% of the bases， and the completeness and standardization rate of training manual completion was merely 47.47%. In addition， considerable disparities in quality management levels were observed among provinces， with issues in training process quality being particularly prominent. CONCLUSIONS The management system， hardware facilities， and preceptor staffing of clinical pharmacist training bases in China are relatively well-established， yet notable variations in quality management exist among training bases across different provinces.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Japan tallow(JT)on liver injury and gut microbiota regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)mice,thereby providing a theoretical basis for developing therapeutic edible oils for diabetes treatment.Methods:T2DM animal model was established through a combined approach of nutritional intervention and chemical induction.Experimental animals were first fed a high-fat diet(HFD)for 6 weeks,followed by intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin(STZ).After successful model establishment,the mice were divided into five groups(n=6 per group):control group without any intervention;T2DM group;HFD reversion to standard chow group;metformin group;and JT intervention group,which received respective treatments for 4 weeks.At the endpoint,fresh fecal samples were collected from all groups,and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16s rDNA high-throughput sequencing.Liver histopathological changes were examined using histological methods.Results:Compared with the normal control(ND),T2DM mice showed significantly increased fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels,with evident hepatocyte lipid accumulation,steatosis,inflammatory cell infiltration,and widespread vacuolar and fatty degeneration.After Japan tallow(JT)intervention,FBG levels decreased significantly,liver color approximated normal appearance,and pathological morphology improved noticeably.16s rDNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that JT treatment could effectively regulate the intestinal microbiota structure in T2DM mice.Increased microbial α-diversity indices(Chao1,observed_species,Faith_pd,Simpson);At the phylum level,increased Verrucomicrobia abundance while decreased Proteobacteria were detected;At the family level,elevated Bifidobacteriaceae and reduced Porphyromonadaceae were seen;At the genus level,Bifidobacterium was promoted and Akkermansia proliferat while Escherichia and Klebsiella were downregulated.Conclusions:Japan tallow exhibits significant effects in alleviating liver tissue damage and regulating intestinal microbiota disorders in T2DM mice,our study indicated new theoretical basis for the research and development of potential strategy for diabetes.

Objective To compare the effects of sequential Exoview and Mimics three-dimensional reconstruction with fluorescence method in thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy.Methods The clinical data of 160 patients with lung cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,79 patients who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy with the sequential Exoview three-dimensional reconstruction and fluorescence method before the operation were classified as the Exoview group,and 81 patients who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy with the sequential Mimics three-dimensional reconstruction and fluorescence method before the operation were classified as the Mimics group.The surgical completion status,the coincidence rate between the number of left and right pulmonary artery branches evaluated before operation and intraoperative findings,reconstruction time,segment display effect,general indicators of operation(operation time,intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissection,thoracic tube placement time,postoperative hospital stay),pulmonary function[forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1%)]and complications were compared between the two groups.Results All patients in the two groups successfully completed thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy,and indocyanine green was injected once in each group.The operation process was roughly consistent with the preoperative simulation,and no thoracotomy was performed.There was no statistically significant difference in the resection of lung segment between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).The coincidence rate between the number of left and right pulmonary artery branches evaluated before operation and intraoperative findings in the Exoview group was higher than that in the Mimics group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the segment display effect between the Exoview group and the Mimics group(P>0.05).The operation time and the reconstruction time in the Exoview group were shorter those that in the Mimics group,and the intraoperative blood loss was less than that in the Mimics group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of lymph node dissection,the thoracic tube placement time,or the postoperative hospital stay between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in FEV1 or FEV1%7 days after surgery compared with those before surgery(P>0.05).The FEV1 and FEV1%of patients in the Mimics group 7 days after surgery were lower than those beforesurgery(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in FEV1 or FEV1%between the Exoview group and the Mimics group before and 7 days after surgery(P>0.05).The total incidence of complications in the Exoview group was 1.27%,compared with 4.94%in the Mimics group,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Both sequential Exoview and Mimics three-dimensional reconstruction with fluorescence method are safe and effective for thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy,while Exoview has more advantages in preoperative assessment of the number of pulmonary artery branches,and it has shorter reconstruction time and operation time,with less impact on lung function.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment 2% versus pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children aged 2 years or older.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 120 pediatric patients aged 2 - 17 years with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were enrolled from departments of dermatology of 8 hospitals in China between March 2022 and February 2023. The participants were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to the crisaborole group and the pimecrolimus group, and received the treatment with crisaborole ointment 2% and pimecrolimus cream 1% respectively, twice a day for 4 weeks. Visits were scheduled at baseline/on day 1, as well as on days 8, 15, and 29. The primary efficacy outcome was the percentage of patients achieving the Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) success (defined as clear [0] or almost clear [1] on the ISGA scale, combined with ≥ 2‐grade improvement from baseline) on day 29. The secondary efficacy outcomes included changes in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) total scores from baseline to day 29, percentages of patients achieving ISGA improvement (defined as clear [0] or almost clear [1] on the ISGA scale), as well as changes in the Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) /Infants' Dermatology Life Quality Index (IDLQI) /Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) scores, and in the Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) scores. Drug safety was evaluated according to the incidence of adverse events. Categorical data were compared using the chi-square test. Since measurement data did not follow a normal distribution, the rank sum test was used for comparisons of measurement data between groups.Results:A total of 106 children with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were included in the per-protocol analysis set, with 52 in the crisaborole group (26 males and 26 females) and 54 in the pimecrolimus group (27 males and 27 females). There were no significant differences in age, disease duration, ISGA and EASI scores at baseline between the two groups (all P > 0.05). On day 29, 22 patients (42.31%) in the crisaborole group and 25 (46.30%) in the pimecrolimus group achieved ISGA success, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.17, P = 0.68) ; 35 patients (67.31%) in the crisaborole group and 45 (83.33%) in the pimecrolimus group achieved ISGA improvement, also with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 3.68, P = 0.06) ; additionally, there were no significant differences in the EASI, pruritus NRS, DLQI/IDLQI/CDLQI, or DFI scores between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Adverse reactions to the two topical agents were mainly local reactions such as mild to moderate pain, itching, or worsening of itching, and no obvious systemic adverse reactions occurred. The incidence of drug-related adverse reactions was 46.15% (24 cases) in the crisaborole group and 37.04% (20 cases) in the pimecrolimus group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.91, P = 0.34) . Conclusion:The efficacy of crisaborole ointment 2% was comparable to that of pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children aged ≥ 2 years, and it yielded early and rapid improvement in the quality of life of patients and their families, with good safety and tolerability profiles.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment 2% versus pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children aged 2 years or older.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 120 pediatric patients aged 2 - 17 years with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were enrolled from departments of dermatology of 8 hospitals in China between March 2022 and February 2023. The participants were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to the crisaborole group and the pimecrolimus group, and received the treatment with crisaborole ointment 2% and pimecrolimus cream 1% respectively, twice a day for 4 weeks. Visits were scheduled at baseline/on day 1, as well as on days 8, 15, and 29. The primary efficacy outcome was the percentage of patients achieving the Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) success (defined as clear [0] or almost clear [1] on the ISGA scale, combined with ≥ 2‐grade improvement from baseline) on day 29. The secondary efficacy outcomes included changes in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) total scores from baseline to day 29, percentages of patients achieving ISGA improvement (defined as clear [0] or almost clear [1] on the ISGA scale), as well as changes in the Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) /Infants' Dermatology Life Quality Index (IDLQI) /Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) scores, and in the Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) scores. Drug safety was evaluated according to the incidence of adverse events. Categorical data were compared using the chi-square test. Since measurement data did not follow a normal distribution, the rank sum test was used for comparisons of measurement data between groups.Results:A total of 106 children with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were included in the per-protocol analysis set, with 52 in the crisaborole group (26 males and 26 females) and 54 in the pimecrolimus group (27 males and 27 females). There were no significant differences in age, disease duration, ISGA and EASI scores at baseline between the two groups (all P > 0.05). On day 29, 22 patients (42.31%) in the crisaborole group and 25 (46.30%) in the pimecrolimus group achieved ISGA success, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.17, P = 0.68) ; 35 patients (67.31%) in the crisaborole group and 45 (83.33%) in the pimecrolimus group achieved ISGA improvement, also with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 3.68, P = 0.06) ; additionally, there were no significant differences in the EASI, pruritus NRS, DLQI/IDLQI/CDLQI, or DFI scores between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Adverse reactions to the two topical agents were mainly local reactions such as mild to moderate pain, itching, or worsening of itching, and no obvious systemic adverse reactions occurred. The incidence of drug-related adverse reactions was 46.15% (24 cases) in the crisaborole group and 37.04% (20 cases) in the pimecrolimus group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.91, P = 0.34) . Conclusion:The efficacy of crisaborole ointment 2% was comparable to that of pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children aged ≥ 2 years, and it yielded early and rapid improvement in the quality of life of patients and their families, with good safety and tolerability profiles.

A throat swab sample from a pediatric case in Tongzhou District, Beijing was identified as enterovirus; the patient was a 1-year-and-8-month-old male sporadic case. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a viral genome length of 7 436 bp. BLAST alignment confirmed the serotype as EV-D68. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome indicated that this strain belongs to the B3 clade, showing closer genetic proximity to the 2018 Shanghai strain MW697453 with 99.53% whole-genome nucleotide homology. Genetic and amino acid variation analysis demonstrated that the B3 subclade to which this strain belongs exhibits a nucleotide deletion at positions 718–726, differing from deletion sites observed in other B3 clade strains. A key neuropathogenic amino acid site, T650A, was found to have undergone mutation. Recombination analysis confirmed no cross-clade recombination events in this strain. This study conducted genetic characterization of the strain's evolutionary relationship with EV-D68 strains from different regions and years in China, providing data support for formulating prevention and control measures against EV-D68 infection.

A throat swab sample from a pediatric case in Tongzhou District, Beijing was identified as enterovirus; the patient was a 1-year-and-8-month-old male sporadic case. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a viral genome length of 7 436 bp. BLAST alignment confirmed the serotype as EV-D68. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome indicated that this strain belongs to the B3 clade, showing closer genetic proximity to the 2018 Shanghai strain MW697453 with 99.53% whole-genome nucleotide homology. Genetic and amino acid variation analysis demonstrated that the B3 subclade to which this strain belongs exhibits a nucleotide deletion at positions 718–726, differing from deletion sites observed in other B3 clade strains. A key neuropathogenic amino acid site, T650A, was found to have undergone mutation. Recombination analysis confirmed no cross-clade recombination events in this strain. This study conducted genetic characterization of the strain's evolutionary relationship with EV-D68 strains from different regions and years in China, providing data support for formulating prevention and control measures against EV-D68 infection.