OBJECTIVE To establish the quality standards of medicinal materials in light of related methods in the general principles of part four of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition), and to conduct systematic research on the Tibetan medicine "Yajima"(Chrysosplenium axillare). METHODS The powder characteristics of medicinal materials were described by microscopic identification method. Silica gel GF254 thin-layer plate was employed to establish a TLC identification method with 5-O-demethylapulein and oxyayanin A as reference substances. Loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and ethanol-soluble extractives of 10 batches of Chrysosplenium axillare were determined according to the general principles of part four of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition). HPLC was used to establish the characteristic chromatogram of Chrysosplenium axillare, and the content determination method was established with chrysosplenoside I(CI) and chrysosplenoside A(CA) as the quality control index components of Chrysosplenium axillare. RESULTS The water content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, ethanol-soluble extractive and the content of CI and CA of all samples varied in the ranges of 9.17%−12.52%, 14.11%−16.74%, 1.50%−4.72%, 32.77%−40.30%, 0.30%−0.99% and 0.28%−0.88%, respectively. CONCLUSION The identification and content determination methods of Yajima(Chrysosplenium axillare) are established for the first time. The methods are easy to operate and exclusive, which is of great significance to accurately evaluate the internal quality of medicinal materials and ensure the quality of drug used.

Adequate inflammation can effectively eliminate harmful substances and prevent disease as a self-protective measure to prevent further damage to the body,while abnormally activated inflammation is detrimental to the body.Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome that participates in inflammatory responses are closely related to many physiological and pathological processes and play an important role in the occurrence and development of pulmonary diseases.This article mainly reviewed the activation mechanism and hypothesis of NLRP3 inflammasome,as well as the research on treating respiratory diseases by interfering with NLRP3 inflammasome.

Purpose::To identify the risk factors for training-related lower extremity muscle injuries in young males by a non-invasive method of body composition analysis.Methods::A total of 282 healthy young male volunteers aged 18 -20 years participated in this cohort study. Injury location, degree, and injury rate were adjusted by a questionnaire based on the overuse injury assessment methods used in epidemiological studies of sports injuries. The occurrence of training injuries is monitored and diagnosed by physicians and treated accordingly. The body composition was measured using the BodyStat QuadScan 4000 multifrequency Bio-impedance system at 5, 50, 100 and 200 kHz to obtain 4 impedance values. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check whether the data conformed to a normal distribution. Data of normal distribution were shown as mean ± SD and analyzed by t-test, while those of non-normal distribution were shown as median (Q 1, Q 3) and analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. The receiver operator characteristic curve and logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate risk factors for developing training-related lower extremity injuries and accuracy. Results::Among the 282 subjects, 78 (27.7%) developed training injuries. Lower extremity training injuries revealed the highest incidence, accounting for 23.4% (66 cases). These patients showed higher percentages of lean body mass ( p = 0.001), total body water (TBW, p=0.006), extracellular water ( p=0.020) and intracellular water ( p=0.010) as well as a larger ratio of basal metabolic rate/total weight ( p=0.006), compared with those without lower extremity muscle injuries. On the contrary, the percentage of body fat ( p=0.001) and body fat mass index ( p=0.002) were lower. Logistic regression analysis showed that TBW percentage > 65.35% ( p=0.050, odds ratio =3.114) and 3rd space water > 0.95% ( p=0.045, odds ratio =2.342) were independent risk factors for lower extremity muscle injuries. Conclusion::TBW percentage and 3rd space water measured with bio-impedance method are potential risk factors for predicting the incidence of lower extremity muscle injuries in young males following training.

[ Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Fok (rs2228570 / rs10735810) of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) in Han nationality women of Qinghai province. Methods A total of 137 Han nationality HDCP subjects (HDCP group) and 146 Han nationality normal pregnant subjects (control group) were selected from Qinghai province. The Fok polymorphism typing in HCDP group and control group was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) . The mutation was confirmed by sequencing. SPSS 19. 0 statistical software was used to test whether there were significant differences between two groups in general clinical data, genotype and allele frequency distribution. Results The frequency of FF Ff ff genotype of Fok in HDCP group and control group were 51. 82%, 37. 96%, 10. 22% and 34. 93%, 43. 15%, 21. 92% respectively (

Objective:To understand the positive rate of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) specific IgG antibody induced by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) inactivated vaccine in healthy population in Xizang Autonomous Region, and evaluate the immune effect of the vaccine.Methods:Serum samples were collected from COIVD-19 vaccine immunized health population without history of 2019-nCoV infection from six prefecture-level cities in Xizang Autonomous Region. The IgG antibody against 2019-nCoV were tested by chemiluminescence method. Then, the positive rate of IgG antibody was analyzed for different immunization histories and age groups.Results:A total of 22 255 participants were enrolled in this survey. After full-access (two doses of vaccine) and booster immunization, the overall positive rate of specific IgG antibody against 2019-nCoV was 96.38%. The positive rate of IgG antibody in the booster immunized population was 97.12%, which was much higher than the 88.38% in the full-access immunization population, the difference is statistically significant ( χ2=381.11, P<0.001). There was a significant differences in the positive rates of specific IgG antibodies in different age groups ( χ2=138.28, P<0.001). Especially in the younger age groups, including less than 10 years old and the 11-20 years age group, the positive rate of specific IgG antibody were 93.44% and 89.03% respectively, which were lower than those in other age groups. Except for Naqu city and the age group ≤ 10 years old, the differences in antibody positivity rates were statistically significant between different age groups in the same region and between the different regions in the same age group for the two populations with different immunization histories ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The COVID-19 inactivated vaccine showed a good immune effect in the healthy population in Xizang Autonomous Region, and the booster immunization helps to increase the positive rate of specific IgG antibody in healthy population.

【Objective】 To study the detection performance of HBsAg single-ELISA-reactive samples of blood donors. 【Methods】 Two kinds of ELISA reagents from different manufacturers (named as reagents A and B) were used for HBsAg screening. A total of 276 samples, from January 2017 to May 2021, with HBsAg single-ELISA-reactive results were collected for further nucleic acid detection technology (NAT) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) testing, to undergo HBV-DNA and five hepatitis B tests, respectively. The relationship between HBsAg single-ELISA-reactivity, NAT and CLIA was statistically analyzed. 【Results】 Among the 276 HBsAg single-ELISA-reactive samples, 14 were NAT reactive, with the positive rate of 5.07% (14/276). Fisher′s exact test was used to compare the compliance of reagents A and B with NAT reactivity, and the difference was not statistically significant (P<0.05). Among 14 HBsAg+ /NAT+ samples retested by CLIA, 2 were HBsAg reactive(14.29%, 2/14), 13 were anti-HBc reactive (92.86%, 13/14), 9 had the quantitative value of anti-HBs <10 mIU/mL, 5 had the quantitative value of anti-HBs between 10 to 100mIU/ mL. A total of 5 serological patterns were detected, and anti-HBe+ /anti-HBc+ pattern was the dominant. There were 262 cases of HBsAg+ /NAT- samples, but only 1 (0.38%, , 1/262) case was HBsAg reactive by CLIA, 100 were anti-HBc reactive (38.17%, 100/262), 144 (54.96%, 144/262) were anti-HBs reactive, and 1 was HBeAg reactive. A total of 8 serological patterns were detected. 【Conclusion】 Most of HBsAg single-ELISA-reactive results are false, and NAT could effectively reduce the residual risk of transfusion transmitted diseases.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of different methods for moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)related dry eye.METHODS: The clinical data of 72 patients(144 eyes)with MGD related dry eye treated from March 2020 to September 2021 in the ophthalmology clinic of Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into moderate group(1/30.05). In the moderate group, the OSDI scores of group A and group B were significantly decreased, and the results of NIBUTav and R-scan analysis were significantly improved(P<0.01), while NITMH had no significant change(P>0.05). In the severe group, NIBUTav of the patients in group A improved significantly(P<0.001), while there was no significant change in other observation parameters(P>0.05), while the OSDI scores of the patients in group B were significantly decreased. And the results of NIBUTav and R-scan analysis were significantly improved(P<0.001), but there was no significant change in NITMH(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Both therapies were effective for moderate meibomian gland dysfunction related dry eye, while severe meibomian gland dysfunction related dry eye should be treated with fumigation massage of meibomian gland combined with intense pulsed light.

【Objective】 To study and analyze the profile of irregular antibodies among voluntary blood donors in Jiaxing area. 【Methods】 The ABO and RhD blood groups of all voluntary blood donors from November 2018 to November 2020 were detected by DIAGAST QWALYS 3 automatic blood group analyzer. According to routine serological screening program of irregular antibody, the samples reactive to O blood cell were sent to the reference laboratory for further identification of the antibody specificity, and the specificity and distribution characteristics of irregular antibodies were analyzed statistically. 【Results】 A total of 79 samples presenting irregular antibodies were yielded out of 90 854 blood samples, with a positive rate of 0.087%. More female samples (n=44) than male (n=35) (P<0.05). 29 donors aged 18 to 31, 33 aged 32 to 45, and 17 aged over 45 years old (P<0.05). 73 samples were RhD positive and 6 were RhD negative (P< 0.05). 40 only donated once, and 39 donated more than twice (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Female, RhD negative and more than 45 years old blood donors are more likely to present irregular antibodies, regardless of the number of blood donations.

Objective To explore the protective effects of short-acting β31 receptor blocker esmolol on lung injury in septic rats and explore its mechanism.Methods Fifty-four male SpragueDawley rats were randomly(random number) divided into three groups (n=18 in each),namely sham operation group(Sham),sepsis group(Spesis),esmolol group(ES).Each group were further divided into three subgroups of 6 h,12 h and 24 h(n=6 in each subgroup).The sepsis models were established with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats of Sepsis group and ES group,while rats of SH group were treated with laparotomy without CLP.Dwelled cannulation in the left internal jugular vein was performed after the model establishment.Saline in the rate of 1 mL/h was continuously pumped intravenously into the rats of SH group and Sepsis group by micro pump for 6 h,and esmolol solution in the rate of 1 mL/h [15 mg/(kg·h)]was continuously pumped into the rats of ES group for 6h.Rats in each subgroup were sacrificed at 6h,12h and 24 h after modeling,separately.The levels of catecholamine (CA) in plasma and levels of NF-κB in lung tissue were measured by ELISA.The protein levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in lung tissue were detected by Western Blot.The protein content of alveolar lavage fluid,wet/dry weight ratio(W/D) of lung tissue,lung coefficient and lung water content were measured.The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed under an optical microscope.Results (①) The levels of CA in plasma in Sepsis and ES groups at 6 h after modeling was significantly increased compared with Sham group (P＜0.05),and the level of CA in plasma increased significantly in ES group compared with Sham and Sepsis groups (P＜0.05).At 12 h after modeling,level of CA in plasma was still significantly increased in ES group compared with SH group (P＜0.05);At 24 h after modeling,level of CA in plasma was increased significantly in ES group compared with Sepsis group (P＜0.05).(②) At 6 h,12 h and 24 h after modeling,levels ofNF-κ B in lung tissue were significantly increased in Sepsis group and ES group compared with SH group (P＜0.05),and levels of NFκ B in lung tissue in ES group were also significantly lower than those in Sepsis group at given intervals (P＜0.05).③ At 6 h,12 h and 24 h after modeling,protein content of alveolar lavage fluid,wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) in lung tissue,lung coefficient and lung water content in Sepsis group and ES group were significantly increased compared with SH group (P＜0.05),and protein content of alveolar lavage fluid,wet/ dry weight ratio (W/D) in lung tissue,lung coefficient and lung water content in ES group also significantly lower than those in Sepsis group at given intervals (P＜0.05).④ Western Blot revealed at 6 h,12 h and 24 h after modeling,the protein levels of TLR4 and NF-κ B in lung tissue in Sepsis group and ES group were significantly increased compared with SH group (P＜0.05),and the protein levels of TLR4 and NF-κ B in lung tissue of ES group were also significantly lower than those in Sepsis group at all given intervals (P＜0.05).⑤ The lightest degree of pathological change was observed in SH group,the most serious degree of pathological change was found in Sepsis group,and the pathological change was significantly alleviated in ES group compared with Sepsis group whereas the pathological change was significantly increased compared with SH group at all given intervals.Conclusions Esmolol can promote the secretion of catecholamine,inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines,reduce lung permeability,reduce pulmonary edema,and thus play an important role in protecting the lungs.The mechanism may be that esmolol improves the responsiveness of β-adrenergic receptor to catecholamine,and regulates the level of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB-TNF-α signaling pathways,thus exerting protective effect on the lungs.

Objective: To study therapeutic effect of TriVex system minimally invasive phlebectomy on lower extremity varicose veins (LEVV). Methods: A total of 100 LEVV patients treated in our department were selected, randomly and equally divided into minimally invasive phlebectomy group (received TriVex system minimally invasive phlebectomy) and traditional treatment group (received high ligation and exfoliation). Therapeutic effect, treatment-related indexes and postoperative complications were assessed in two groups, and they received assessments of venous clinical severity score (VCSS), chronic venous insufficiency questionnaire (CIVIQ) and clinical-etiology-anatomic-pathophysiologic (CEAP) class on three and six months after operation. Results: There was no significant difference in therapeutic effect between two groups (P＞ 0. 05). Compared with traditional treatment group, there were significant reductions in number of incisions [(8. 6±1. 7) vs. (4. 2±1. 1)], surgery time [(70. 17±15. 92) min vs. (32. 45±11. 74) min], recovery time after surgery [(6. 82± 1. 51) h vs. (3. 93±1. 13) h], incidence rates of superficial vein thrombosis (18. 0％ vs. 0) and recurrence rate (12. 0％ vs. 0) in minimally invasive phlebectomy group, P=0. 001 all. Compared with traditional treatment group on three and six months after surgery, there was significant reduction in VCSS score [three months: (7. 23±1. 48) scores vs. (4. 16±1. 35) scores], and significant rise in CIVIQ score [three months: (67. 23±9. 47) scores vs. (81. 16±8. 38) scores]in minimally invasive phlebectomy group, P=0. 001 all; CEAP classes of two groups were significantly lower than those of before surgery (P=0. 001 all), but there was no significant difference between two groups (P＞0. 05 all). Conclusion: TriVex system minimally invasive phlebectomy possesses similar therapeutic effect with traditional surgeries on multiple-cause varicose veins. The method is simpler and therapeutic effect is definite with less pain and complications, and patients recover rapidly and accept it easily, which is worth extending.