Objective To understand the distribution, species composition, seasonal fluctuations, and presence of Dabie bandavirus in ticks in Tai'an City, providing a basis for assessing tick-borne disease risks and formulating prevention strategies. Methods Free-living ticks were monitored using the flagging method, whereas parasitic ticks were monitored through host surface examination. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the presence of Bandavirus dabieense in tick specimens. Results The density of free-living ticks in Tai'an City showed a continuous decreasing trend over the 3 years from 2021 to 2023, with an average tick density of 0.43 ticks/(flag·100 m). The dominant habitats were scenic areas and forests, and the seasonal fluctuations exhibited a bimodal pattern, peaking in March and August. The only free-living tick species captured was Haemaphysalis longicornis. Over the 3 years, the average tick index for parasitic ticks was 1.85, with sheep as the primary host. Seasonal fluctuations also followed a bimodal pattern, peaking in March and August. The primary parasitic tick species captured were H. longicornis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. No Dabie bandavirus was detected in the tick specimens. Conclusions Tick density in Tai'an City remains relatively high, necessitating continued efforts to enhance tick surveillance and implement targeted prevention measures in rural environments to further reduce the health risks posed by tick-borne diseases.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of Guanxinning injection regulating cardiac immune mi-croenvironment to improve myocardial infarction in mice.Methods In this study,MI model was estab-lished by permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery in mice.The mice were divided into five groups:sham operation group,model group,Guanxinning injection low dose group,Guanxinning in-jection high dose group and positive drug captopril group.Hearts were weighed,heart tissues were collect-ed,and Masson staining was used for pathological anal-ysis of heart tissues;immunofluorescence staining was used to detect apoptosis and CCL21 expression in the infarct border zone;flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of immune cells in myocardial ischemia tissues and lymph nodes;PCR was used to detect CCL21 expression in heart and in vitro human lymphat-ic endothelial cells(HLEC).Results Compared with the model group,the low and high dose groups of Guanxinning injection significantly improved cardiac hypertrophy.Apoptosis in the border zone of myocardi-al infarction was reduced in the low and high dose groups of Guanxinning injection and captopril group.Compared with the model group,the proportion of leu-kocytes in the infarct border zone was dreduced and the proportion of CD4+T cells,Treg cells,and CD8+T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes and infarct border zone of the heart was regulated in the low and high dose groups of Guanxinning injection;CCL21 secretion by the heart and lymphatic vessels increased.Conclu-sions Guanxinning injection can significantly improve cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in MI mice,reduce ap-optosis in the infarct border zone,and play a role in an-ti-myocardial ischemia injury by promoting CCL21 ex-pression in lymphatic vessels to regulate the proportion of mediastinal lymph nodes and cardiac T cells after myocardial infarction.

Objective:The rectus abdominis distance(IRD)was measured by ultrasonography at different sites in primiparous women at 6 weeks postpartum to explore the factors affecting IRD in primiparous women.Methods:A total of 881 primigravid women who underwent ultrasound examination of the rectus abdominis mus-cle at 6 weeks postpartum in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022 were selected as the study subjects.IRD was measured at 3 cm above the umbilicus,umbili-cus,and 3 cm below the umbilicus.Based on the site of diastasis recti abdominis(DRA)onset,IRD was catego-rized as single-site DRA,two-site DRA,and total abdominal DRA.The incidence of DRA at 6 weeks postpartum was counted and factors influencing IRD at the 3 sites were analyzed using multiple linear regression.Results:①At 6 weeks postpartum in primiparous women,the IRD at 3 cm above the umbilicus was 24.02±9.22 mm,at the umbilicus was 25.08±9.27 mm,and at the 3 cm below the umbilicus was 9.08±8.03 mm,with the largest IRD at the umbilicus and the smallest at the 3 cm below the umbilicus.②DRA occurred in 819 cases(92.96%)of which 473 cases(53.69%)were total abdominal DRA,119 cases(13.51%)were single-site DRA and 227 cases(25.77%)were two-sites DRA.③Multiple linear regression analysis showed that cesarean delivery,neonatal birth mass index(BMI),and maternal prenatal BMI were all significantly and positively associated with IRD at all 3 sites(β>0,P<0.05).Maternal age at delivery was significantly and positively associated with IRD at the umbilicus and 3 cm below the umbilicus(β>0,P<0.05),and gestational weight gain was significantly and positively associ-ated with IRD at 3 cm above the umbilicus and IRD at the umbilicus(β>0,P<0.05).Conclusions:There is high-er percentage of total abdominal DRA in primigravid women.IRD in primigravid women at 6 weeks postpartum is associated with a number of factors,among which cesarean delivery,neonatal birth BMI,maternal prenatal BMI,and age at delivery are high-risk factors for increased IRD.

Objective:To analyze the molecular characteristics of the virus in a local outbreak of dengue fever in Jiangsu province in 2023, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of the outbreak.Methods:Serum samples were collected from suspected dengue patients in the acute phase of the outbreak for virus detection and serotyping by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). Positive specimens were amplified with full-length genomic fragments and subjected to second-generation sequencing and related evolutionary analyses.Results:Four confirmed cases of dengue were found in Changzhou city, Jiangsu province, from October 18 to 21, 2023, with epidemiological association between the cases, which was recognized as a dengue outbreak. The serum RT-qPCR result of the four cases were all dengue type 1, and the whole genome sequences of three of the cases were obtained. The evolutionary tree of the E gene and the whole genome showed that the three sequences were located in the 3rd branch of the 1-I genotype, which is similar to the genotype 1-I. The genome-wide sequences of the E gene and the genome-wide evolution tree showed that the three sequences were located in the 3rd branch of the 1-I genotype, which is similar to the genome-wide genotype 1-Ⅰ. The E gene and the genome-wide evolutionary tree showed that all three sequences were located on branch 3 of genotype 1-Ⅰ, with high sequence similarity to the dengue virus epidemic strains in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces in 2023. Amino acid variant site analysis showed that there were 16 branch-specific amino acid site changes in the sequences of the three cases, among which the structural proteins, C protein and prM protein, had one variant site each, E protein had two, and the non-structural proteins had the largest number of NS5 variant sites (9).Conclusions:The local outbreak in Jiangsu was caused by dengue fever type 1 virus, with high nucleotide sequence similarity to strains from other regions of China, and amino acid site alterations.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of the Dabie bandavirus among rats in Taipusi Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:The cytochrome b gene for the identification of rat species was amplified. Real-Time RT-PCR and RT-PCR were used to amplify and sequence DBV positive rat tissues and detected by XilinGol League Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the gene evolution was analyzed.Results:The rat was identified as Spermophilus dauricus. Through molecular detection on 20 samples, 15 samples showed positive result in Real Time RT-PCR nucleic acid test, and 7 samples showed positive result in RT-PCR nucleic acid test. Seven base sequences were obtained through sequencing, and they were compared with those in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) of the United States by BLAST. It was determined that they were the S gene sequences of DBV. It has been uploaded to GenBank with serial numbers PV231886, PV231887 and PV231888.Conclusions:DBV was detected for the first time in the mice of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In future work, monitoring of DBV carried by rodents and ectoparasites such as ticks and fleas in this area should be strengthened. Publicity and education on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome should be carried out in this area to improve the local medical system′s ability to identify such cases, ensuring early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment, and reducing the occurrence of human cases and clustered outbreaks.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of Guanxinning injection regulating cardiac immune mi-croenvironment to improve myocardial infarction in mice.Methods In this study,MI model was estab-lished by permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery in mice.The mice were divided into five groups:sham operation group,model group,Guanxinning injection low dose group,Guanxinning in-jection high dose group and positive drug captopril group.Hearts were weighed,heart tissues were collect-ed,and Masson staining was used for pathological anal-ysis of heart tissues;immunofluorescence staining was used to detect apoptosis and CCL21 expression in the infarct border zone;flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of immune cells in myocardial ischemia tissues and lymph nodes;PCR was used to detect CCL21 expression in heart and in vitro human lymphat-ic endothelial cells(HLEC).Results Compared with the model group,the low and high dose groups of Guanxinning injection significantly improved cardiac hypertrophy.Apoptosis in the border zone of myocardi-al infarction was reduced in the low and high dose groups of Guanxinning injection and captopril group.Compared with the model group,the proportion of leu-kocytes in the infarct border zone was dreduced and the proportion of CD4+T cells,Treg cells,and CD8+T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes and infarct border zone of the heart was regulated in the low and high dose groups of Guanxinning injection;CCL21 secretion by the heart and lymphatic vessels increased.Conclu-sions Guanxinning injection can significantly improve cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in MI mice,reduce ap-optosis in the infarct border zone,and play a role in an-ti-myocardial ischemia injury by promoting CCL21 ex-pression in lymphatic vessels to regulate the proportion of mediastinal lymph nodes and cardiac T cells after myocardial infarction.

Objective:To study the relationship between the levels of multiple elements in urine and the risk of arsenic poisoning in populations exposed to drinking water arsenic in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia).Methods:From April 2023 to January 2024, a case-control study method was used to select 128 individuals with a residence time of ≥10 years in drinking water arsenic exposed areas in Inner Mongolia as study subjects. Eighty-one individuals diagnosed with arsenic poisoning were selected as the case group, and 47 healthy individuals were selected as the control group for urine sample collection and questionnaire survey. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was employed to determine the levels of 10 elements (chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, molybdenum, cadmium and lead) in urine. The levels of each element in urine were divided into four groups ( Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups) based on quartiles. The associations between the levels of various elements in urine and the risk of arsenic poisoning were studied using binary logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS). Results:The age of the control group and the case group [ M ( Q1, Q3)] were 61 (53, 69) and 61 (56, 67) years old, respectively. There were 19 and 43 males, and 28 and 38 females, respectively. There was no statistically significant differences in age and and gender composition between the two groups ( Z = - 0.39, P = 0.700; χ 2 = 1.91, P = 0.167). The levels of urinary copper and cadmium of the case group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = - 2.66, - 2.16, P < 0.05). The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that urinary copper was an influencing factor for arsenic poisoning ( P = 0.017). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for covariates, urinary copper and arsenic were independent influencing factors of arsenic poisoning ( P < 0.05). Taking Q1 group as a reference, urinary copper in Q3 group [ OR (95% CI) = 8.23 (1.81, 37.39), P = 0.006] increased the risk of arsenic poisoning, while urinary arsenic in Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups [ OR (95% CI) = 0.24 (0.06, 0.92), 0.12 (0.03, 0.53), 0.15 (0.04, 0.63), P < 0.05] decreased the risk of arsenic poisoning. After adjusting for covariates, RCS did not show a dose-response relationship between urinary copper, urinary arsenic, and arsenic poisoning ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Urinary arsenic and copper are associated with the risk of arsenic poisoning in the drinking water arsenic exposed areas of Inner Mongolia, copper exposure may contribute significantly to arsenic poisoning.

This study investigated the prevalence of hepatitis E virus(HEV)in rodents within the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.In 2024,liver,spleen,kidney,and lung tissue samples were collected from rodents in 11 leagues and cities across the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,including Hohhot,Baotou,Hulunbuir,Xing'an League,Tongliao,Chifeng,Xilin Gol League,Ulan-qab,Ordos,Bayannur,and Wuhai.Nested PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect the conserved regions of the HEV open reading frame 1(ORF1)gene.The RT-PCR-positive products were sequenced,and phylogenetic and homology analysis of the obtained sequences was performed.A total of 816 rodents were captured in this investigation,including 319 Rattus norvegicus(39.09%,319/816),206 Musmusculus(25.25%,206/816),and 140 Mongolian gerbils(17.16%,140/816).The HEV infection rate among rodents in the In-ner Mongolia region was 3.68%(30/816).Sequencing of the RT-PCR-positive results and analysis of the nucleotide sequences yielded 30 HEV-positive rodent samples.Phylogenetic analysis identified these sequences as belonging to the HEV-C1 genotype.The prevalence of HEV was observed in brown rats(Rattus norvegicus)in five leagues and cities within the Inner Mongolia region,includ-ing Xing'an League,Chifeng City,Hulunbuir City,Xilin Gol League,and Tongliao City,with infection rates of 16.67%,10.00%,5.98%,3.30%,and 2.50%,respectively.Brown rats,a species of house rats,frequently inhabit areas near human residences and have close interactions with humans and livestock.Studies have shown that multiple subtypes of HEV can cause zoonotic infections.Therefore,strengthening the monitoring of pathogens carried by rodents in residential environments and optimizing the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases will be essential.Timely dissemination of relevant infectious disease knowledge to local communities will also be crucial,to decrease the risk of human infection.

This study investigated the prevalence of hepatitis E virus(HEV)in rodents within the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.In 2024,liver,spleen,kidney,and lung tissue samples were collected from rodents in 11 leagues and cities across the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,including Hohhot,Baotou,Hulunbuir,Xing'an League,Tongliao,Chifeng,Xilin Gol League,Ulan-qab,Ordos,Bayannur,and Wuhai.Nested PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect the conserved regions of the HEV open reading frame 1(ORF1)gene.The RT-PCR-positive products were sequenced,and phylogenetic and homology analysis of the obtained sequences was performed.A total of 816 rodents were captured in this investigation,including 319 Rattus norvegicus(39.09%,319/816),206 Musmusculus(25.25%,206/816),and 140 Mongolian gerbils(17.16%,140/816).The HEV infection rate among rodents in the In-ner Mongolia region was 3.68%(30/816).Sequencing of the RT-PCR-positive results and analysis of the nucleotide sequences yielded 30 HEV-positive rodent samples.Phylogenetic analysis identified these sequences as belonging to the HEV-C1 genotype.The prevalence of HEV was observed in brown rats(Rattus norvegicus)in five leagues and cities within the Inner Mongolia region,includ-ing Xing'an League,Chifeng City,Hulunbuir City,Xilin Gol League,and Tongliao City,with infection rates of 16.67%,10.00%,5.98%,3.30%,and 2.50%,respectively.Brown rats,a species of house rats,frequently inhabit areas near human residences and have close interactions with humans and livestock.Studies have shown that multiple subtypes of HEV can cause zoonotic infections.Therefore,strengthening the monitoring of pathogens carried by rodents in residential environments and optimizing the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases will be essential.Timely dissemination of relevant infectious disease knowledge to local communities will also be crucial,to decrease the risk of human infection.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Gualou Guizhi granules(GLGZG)on neuronal injury induced by LPS-activated microglia based on Notch signaling pathway.Methods LPS-activated microglia were co-cultured with neurons to construct neuron inju-ry models,and the cells were divided into the control group,model group,Notch inhibitor(DAPT)group,GLGZG(50,100,200 mg·L-1)group,DAPT+100 mg·L-1GLGZG group.After intervention,the activity of HT22 cells was detected by CCK-8 method,and rel-ative mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR.The relative protein expression was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group,after GLGZG intervention,the cell activity was significantly improved,GLGZG decreased IL-6,IL-12,Bax,Notch 1,caspase-3,Delta-1,NICD,RBPSUH,HES1 expression,and increased Bcl-2 expression(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the NICD,RBPSUH and HES1 mRNA and protein expressions significantly decreased after DAPT treatment(P＜0.05),and there was no superposition effect with GLG-ZG.Conclusion GLGZG may play a neuroprotective role by inhibiting inflammatory factors and apoptosis,and inhibiting Notch signaling pathway.