Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenzhen City in 2024, so as to provide insights into formulation of the preventive and control measures for dengue fever. Methods The epidemiological data of dengue cases reported in Shenzhen City in 2024 were extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and field epidemiological survey data of dengue fever in Shenzhen City, and the temporal, regional and population distributions of dengue fever cases, source of acquire dengue virus infections, disease diagnosis and treatment and outbreaks were analyzed. The dengue virus nucleic acid was tested and the serotypes of dengue virus were characterized using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, and the dengue virus gene was sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, the surveillance on the density of Aedes albopictus was performed using Breteau index (BI) and mosquito oviposition index (MOI). Results A total of 1 735 dengue fever cases were reported in Shenzhen City in 2024, including 952 local cases and 783 imported cases. Most imported dengue fever cases acquired infections from eight cities of Foshan, Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Dongguan, Zhaoqing, Huizhou, and Zhuhai in the Pearl River Delta region (664 cases, 84.8% of total imported cases) into Baoan, Longgang, and Nanshan districts. The epidemic exhibited an early onset and rapid progression, peaking during the period between September and November (1 632 cases, 94.1% of total cases), and dengue fever cases were distributed across 73 subdistricts in 10 districts, with most cases reported in densely populated central and western regions. The dengue fever cases had a male-to-female ratio of 1.9∶1.0, and a median age of 37 (21) years, with a higher median age among local cases than among imported cases [40 (20) years vs. 33(15) years; Z = -10.30, P < 0.05]. Housework, unemployment, workers, and business service were predominant occupations (1 405 cases, 81.0% of total cases), and there was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of occupations between local and imported cases (χ² = 92.30, P < 0.05). Among the 1 735 dengue fever cases, the median duration from onset to definitive diagnosis was 3.3 (2.9) days, and 1 686 cases (97.2%) were identified in healthcare facilities, with a low rate of hospitalization and isolation seen in 1 701 inpatients with available epidemiological data (485 cases, 28.5% of total inpatients). A total of 29 outbreaks of dengue fever occurred in Shenzhen City across 2024, which primarily in construction sites (27 outbreaks, 93.1% of total). Dengue virus type I was the dominant serotype causing dengue fever in Shenzhen City in 2024. Sequencing showed that the genomes of dengue virus from multiple dengue fever cases in Shenzhen City shared a high sequence homology with those from cities neighboring Shenzhen City, and there might be intra-city transmission of dengue virus among multiple construction sites in Shenzhen City. The Aedes albopictus density was significantly higher in Shenzhen City in 2024 than in 2023, peaking from May to September. The annual MOI values ranged from 0.9 to 14.0, and the BI values ranged from 0.6 to 6.0. Conclusions The overall epidemic of dengue fever was severe in Shenzhen City in 2024, which was greatly affected by case importation from neighboring cities, construction sites-centered local transmission, and the effectives of routine mosquito vector control was not satisfactory. Integrated dengue fever control measures should be implemented, focusing on regional joint prevention and control mechanisms, capacity building for mosquito vector control, addressing challenges in epidemic containment at construction sites, and strengthening case detection and management systems.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on testicular injury in mice exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides (NNI). METHODS: Fifteen C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into control group (CTRL group), exposure group (NNI group) and Lactobacillus intervention group (NNI-L group). The mice in CTRL group were given 0.02ml/g of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution by gavage for 14 days. The mice in NNI group were given 0.02 ml/g of NNI mixture by gavage for 14 days. The mice in NNI-L group were given 0.02 ml/g of NNI mixture by gavage and 5×108cfu/ml of Lactobacillus reuteri powder solution for 14 days. Then, the histomorphology and function of testicle were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunofluorescence staining and RNA sequencing. RESULTS: Compared with CTRL group, the thickness of testicular seminiferous epithelium in the NNI group was significantly thinner. And the decline in the number of spermatogenic cells and sperm was observed. And the expression of spermatogonial stem cell marker UCHL1 was down-regulated which was significantly improved in NNI-L group compared with the NNI group. The abnormal expressions of hormone and sperm methylation related genes in testis of NNI group were detected by RNA sequencing, with significant down-regulation being found in NPFF and IGF2. While the expression of HSD3B8 was significantly up-regulated. The abnormal expression of these genes could be significantly improved after oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri. CONCLUSION Testicular spermatogenesis and endocrine function can be damaged by NNI exposure. And oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri protects testis from the adverse effects of NNI toxicity.
Animals ; Male ; Limosilactobacillus reuteri ; Testis/pathology* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Insecticides/toxicity* ; Neonicotinoids/toxicity* ; Probiotics ; Spermatogenesis/drug effects*

AIM:To explore the effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) double inhibitor AZD8055 on autophagy and apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line HuCCT1. METHODS:The effect of AZD8055 on the viability of HuCCT1 cells was detected by MTT assay. Autophagosome was detected by acridine orange (AO) staining. Af-ter treated with AZD8055, the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and auto-phagy marker proteins beclin 1, LC3 and p62 were determined by Western blot. Apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cyto-metry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. RESULTS:AZD8055 significantly inhibited the viability of HuCCT1 cells (P<0.05). AO staining showed that AZD8055 significantly increased orange granules in the cytoplasm. After treated with AZD8055, compared with the control group, the protein level of beclin 1 and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were enhanced, while p62 was attenuated (P<0.05). The protein expression level of pro-apoptotic regulator Bax was down-regulated and anti-apoptotic regulator Bcl-2 was increased. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 was reduced (P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that AZD8055 inhibited cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION:AZD8055 inhibits the viability of cholangiocarcinoma cells, and the mechanism is closely related with autophagy induced by AZD8055.

Objective To detect 715 bp sequence of 28S rRNA in sarcosaphagous flies, and to identify their common species for solving the problem of morphological identification, as well as providing technical support for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Methods Twenty-nine common sarcosaphagous flies were collected in Luoyang and classified by morphological characteristics. The DNA was extracted from the fly's legs by Chelex-100 method and then the fragments of 28S rRNA were amplified and sequenced. The results were compared with twenty-eight corresponding fly species of GenBank and EMBL databases. All the sequences were analyzed by MEGA7.0 software, and sequence alignment was performed by the searching in BLAST. The nucleotide composition was analysed, and the intraspecific and interspecific ge-netic distance and phylogenetic tree were established. Results Twenty-nine sarcosaphagous flies were classified into 6 species of 5 genera, 3 families by morphological characteristics. In the obtained 715 bp sequence of 28S rRNA , the comparison result of online BLAST showed that the similarity was 100％. Five species were well clustered by a phylogenetic tree. Between different groups, the interspecific and intraspecific differences ranged from 0.007 to 0.045 and 0 to 0.001, respectively. Conclusion The 28S rRNA target gene sequences shows a good identification capability, which can be a new genetic marker for the identification of sarcosaphagous flies.

Objective To investigate whether continuous mild high temperature (increased temperature without causing significant damage to host cells) can inhibit the biofilm formation of Aspergillus niger (A.niger) and its vitality.Methods A.niger biofilms were formed on a coverslip in 24-well tissue culture plate and were checked at the time points 4,8,10,16,24,48 and 72 hours.Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to image and quantify A.niger biofilm formation under three different continuous mild high temperatures at 37℃,39℃,and 41℃.Furthermore,2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay was used to quantify the dynamic growth of A.niger biofilm under the above conditions.Results Compared with the culture condition 37℃,CLSM analysis at 39℃ or 41℃ showed that higher temperature induced later germination at 4 hours (t=8.603,P=0.047;t=14.550,P=0.008),poorer hyphal elongation at 8 hours(t=35.118,P=0.039;t=63.450,P=0.006),poorer polar growth,and reduced biofilm thickness from 10 to 24 hours.The XTT assay showed that higher temperature (39℃ or 41℃) lead to lower vitality at 10 hours,higher vitality at 16 hours,but finally lower vitality from 24 to 72 hours (t=24.262,P=0.038;t=7.556,P=0.031).Conclusion Continuous mild high temperature may have a negative regulatory effect on biofilm formation of A.niger and its vitality.

Objective To observe the effect of scorpion venom peptide on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cell lines SGC -7901. Methods One blank group and 5 concentrations of ( scorpion venom polypeptide, 5,10,20,40,80 μg? mL-1 ) test groups were set up.The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl) -2,5-diphenyl -2-H-tetrazoli-um bromide ( MTT assay ) was used to detect the effects of scorpion venom peptide on the activity and proliferation of cells , while its effects on cell invasion and metastasis were observed by scratch test and Transwell test . The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase -2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase -9 ( MMP -9 ) were observed by Western blot . Results Compared with the blank group , the scorpion venom peptide could significantly inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer SGC -7901 cells and show the time-concentration correlation(P<0.05).Two con-centrations of scorpion venom peptide (10, 20 μg? mL-1 ) could inhibit the invasive ability of the cell , with invasion of the cell number (35.8 ± 5.53 ) , ( 19.3 ±2.13 ) , respectively , compared with the blank group (48.3 ±7.34), the difference among the groups was statistically signifi-cant ( P <0.05 ) . It means the two test groups could inhibit the migration ability of gastric cancer cell lines SGC -7901.Compared with blank group , the migration inhibitory rates of the two concentration ( 10, 20 μg? mL-1 ) of test groups were significantly lower with ( 1.47 ±1.23 )%, (28.5 ±3.35 )%, respectively.Compared with the blank group , those in two test groups could inhibit the expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 cells at the time of 12 hours after administration by scorpion venom peptide on gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion The scorpion venom peptide can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells by inhibiting the expressions of MMP -2 and MMP-9.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the sensitivity of imatinib mesylate (IM) on Sup-B15 Ph⁺ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells knockdown of VE-cadherin (CD144), and to further explore its mechanism.

METHODSCD144 in Sup-B15 leukemia cells was stably knock downed via lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (named as Sup-B15/shVEC). The inhibitory effects of IM on Sup-B15/shVEC and Sup-B15 leukemia cells were measured by CCK-8 test, and the apoptosis of those cells was determined by AnnexinV/7-AAD dyeing using flow cytometry, the percentage of CD34⁺CD38⁻ leukemia cells also by flow cytometry. ALDH1 mRNA levels were detected by real-time RT-PCR, and protein levels of CD144, CD133, Bcr-abl and β-catenin by Western blot.

RESULTSIM treatment presented inhibitory effects on Sup-B15/shVEC and Sup-B15 leukemia cells at multiple concentrations of IM. The IC50 of IM on Sup-B15/shVEC and Sup-B15 leukemia cells were 25.1μmol/L and 18.7μmol/L, respectively (P<0.05). After 48h of 20 μmol/L IM treatment, the percentages of apoptosis cell in Sup-B15/shVEC cells and Sup-B15 cell were (13.52±2.06)% and (3.03±0.72) %, respectively (P<0.05). The percentage of CD34⁺CD38⁻ cells in Sup-B15 cells was significantly higher than in Sup-B15/shVEC cells [(2.39±0.28)% vs (0.96±0.07)%, P<0.05). As compared to Sup-B15 cells, the transcription of ALDH1 in Sup-B15/shVEC was remarkably downregulated, and the CD133 protein level was also downregulated in Sup-B15/shVEC cells. Both cytoplasmic and nucleic β-catenin protein levels (but not for Bcr-abl levels) decreased in Sup-B15/shVEC cells as compare to Sup-B15 cells.

CONCLUSIONKnockdown of CD144 sensitized Sup-B15 Ph+ ALL cells to IM. The possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon might be via inhibiting β-catenin nucleic translocation and facilitating β-catenin degradation.

Antigens, CD ; genetics ; Benzamides ; pharmacology ; Cadherins ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; RNA Interference ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDOcclusal splints have been the preferred modalities in the management of myofascial temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), but now controversy exists in reporting whether they are successful for TMDs treatments. The aim of this study was to give objective evidence to the assessment of treatment effect of occlusal splints for myofascial TMDs patients by clinical assessments and surface electromyography (sEMG) measurements of masseter muscles (MM).

METHODSThirty-six patients (12 males and 24 females) aged 16 - 57 (38 ± 11) years participated in the study. All participants diagnosed with myofascial TMD were randomized into two groups (18 of each). Patients in the first group (A) were treated with occlusal splints for 1 month, while patients in the second group (B) were treated with placebo (non-occluding palatal) splints. Clinical assessments were performed at the beginning of the study and 1 month after treatment. sEMG measurements for MM were performed at mandibular postural position (MPP) and maximum intercuspal contacted position (ICP) 1 month after the treatment. The root mean square (RMS) and the median frequency (MF) as linear indices of sEMG data were used to demonstrate muscle activity and muscle fatigue. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc SNK test. The differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.

RESULTSIt was found that 89% of group A either completely recovered (39%) or clinically improved (50%), while only 22% of group B had a spontaneous improvement. sEMG analysis showed that at MPP, the mean of RMS value of MM in group A was lower than that of group B, which shows statistical differences (P < 0.01). At ICP, the RMS value of MM in group A was higher than that of group B, which shows statistical differences (P < 0.01). At MPP, MF value of MM in group A was higher than that of group B (P < 0.05). At ICP, MF value of MM was lower than that of group B (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSOcclusal splint could eliminate or improve the signs and symptoms of TMD patients with myofascial pain. sEMG analysis indicates that the wearing of occlusal splints may reduce the degree of fatigue of the masticatory muscles. The splint therapy outcome has a correlation with the electromyographic changes in the masticatory muscles.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Double-Blind Method ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Splints

OBJECTIVETo study whether N, N'-di-(m-methylphenyi)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu-1) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cell line EBC-1 cells and its molecular mechanism.

METHODSDifferent concentrations of ZGDHu-1 and different times of culture were used to treat EBC-1 cells in vitro. The inhibition of proliferation was measured by BrdU-ELISA. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining and cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA. Phosphorylated p38MAPK and STAT3 were examined by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of bcl-2, bax, p53, Fas, and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSZGDHu-1 inhibited EBC-1 cell proliferation within a certain range of treating times and does, with a 24 h IC(50) of (295 ± 25) ng/ml, 48 h of (112 ± 8) ng/ml and 72 h of (23 ± 2) ng/ml. The EBC-1 cell apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V/PI labeling and cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA in a dose-related manner. When EBC-1 cells were treated with 50, 200, and 500 ng/ml ZGDHu-1 for 48 h, the expression rates of phosphor-p38MAPK protein were 67.4%, 88.2%, 91.1%, respectively, and that of the control was 10.6%. That of STAT3 protein were 56.5%, 43.6% and 34.6%, respectively, and that of the control was 89.1%. The expression of bax, p53 and Fas protein was significantly increased, that of bcl-2 was not changed, and that of caspase-3 was significantly decreased by the ZGDHu-1 treatment.

CONCLUSIONZGDHu-1 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in EBC-1 cells. The mitochondrial pathway mediated by Fas may be one of its mechanisms. The apoptosis of EBC-1 cells may associate with up-regulation of phosphor-p38MAPK and down-regulation of phosphor-STAT3 in the cells.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA Fragmentation ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism