Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of trichlormethane in school drinking water in Jiangsu Province, and to evaluate the health risks and influencing factors of students exposed to trichlormethane, so as to provide a scientific basis for the disinfection and safety of school drinking water. Methods: A total of 315 schools (123 primary schools, 142 junior high schools, 20 high schools, and 30 universities) in Jiangsu Province were selected by a stratified sampling method. Water samples in the wet period (from July to September) of 2023 and in the dry period (from January to March) of 2024 in each school were collected, and 630 drinking water samples were collected. According to the Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water (GB/T 5750-2023), drinking water samples were analyzed for trichlormethane, and the health risks of trichlormethane exposure in drinking water for students were assessed using the health risk assessment method recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency. The Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to analyze concentrations and health risks of trichlormethane in school drinking water in different groups. Results: The concentration of trichlormethane in school drinking water in Jiangsu Province was 8.9 (4.6, 14.0) μg/L. The carcinogenic risk of trichlormethane in school drinking water was 9.8×10 -6 (5.3×10 -6 , 1.7×10 -5 ), which was an acceptable low risk. The amount of drinking water per unit body weight and the concentration of trichlormethane in tap water samples were important factors affecting the carcinogenic risk in drinking water for students. Comparison of carcinogenic risks exposed to trichlormethane in drinking water were as follows:primary school students in lower grades had the highest risk of carcinogenesis, with a risk of 1.2×10 -5 , the wet period (1.3×10 -5 ) >the dry period (7.6×10 -6 ), river source water (1.0×10 -5 ) >lake source water (6.8×10 -6 ), liquid chlorine disinfection (1.1×10 -5 ) > sodium hypochlorite disinfection (9.3×10 -6 ), conventional treatment (1.4×10 -5 ) > advanced treatment (9.6×10 -6 ), with statistically significant differences ( Z=88.1, 3.7 , -3.2, -2.7, P <0.05). The non carcinogenic risk of trichlormethane in school drinking water was 1.4×10 -2 for less than 1, and the non carcinogenic risk was acceptable. Conclusions The carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks of trichlormethane in school drinking water are acceptable in Jiangsu Province, and the primary school students in lower grades are key indicators for risk management of trichlormethane in drinking water. According to the characteristics of the source water, appropriate disinfection methods and water treatment processes are selected to reduce the content of trichlormethane and control health risk.

The Standards for drinking water quality(GB 5749-2022), which has taken effect on April 1, 2023, stipulates that limit values of aesthetic and chemical characteristics of drinking water can be temporarily adjusted in emergencies. However, the national standard does not clearly specify the adjusted period and limit values. This study is based on the principle that the human body will not cause acute toxic damage during short-term exposure, considering the acceptability such as chromaticity, smell, and taste in drinking water, referring to the drinking water quality standards of different countries and regions including the World Health Organization, the United States, the European Union, Japan, Australia, etc. We discussed the limited values during emergencies for 21 aesthetic and chemical characteristics from GB 5749-2022 to guaranine the drinking water safety and human health in emergencies.

Objective To establish age estimation models of northern Chinese Han adults using cranial suture images obtained by CT and multiplanar reformation(MPR),and to explore the applicability of cranial suture closure rule in age estimation of northern Chinese Han population.Methods The head CT samples of 132 northern Chinese Han adults aged 29-80 years were retrospectively collected.Volume reconstruction(VR)and MPR were performed on the skull,and 160 cranial suture tomography images were generated for each sample.Then the MPR images of cranial sutures were scored according to the closure grading criteria,and the mean closure grades of sagittal suture,coronal sutures(both left and right)and lambdoid sutures(both left and right)were calculated respectively.Finally taking the above grades as independent variables,the linear regression model and four machine learning models for age estimation(gradient boosting regression,support vector regression,decision tree regression and Bayesian ridge regression)were established for northern Chinese Han adults age estimation.The accu-racy of each model was evaluated.Results Each cranial suture closure grade was positively correlated with age and the correlation of sagittal suture was the highest.All four machine learning models had higher age estimation accuracy than linear regression model.The support vector regression model had the highest accuracy among the machine learning models with a mean absolute error of 9.542 years.Conclusion The combination of skull CT-MPR and machine learning model can be used for age esti-mation in northern Chinese Han adults,but it is still necessary to combine with other adult age estima-tion indicators in forensic practice.

The Standards for drinking water quality(GB 5749-2022), which has taken effect on April 1, 2023, stipulates that limit values of aesthetic and chemical characteristics of drinking water can be temporarily adjusted in emergencies. However, the national standard does not clearly specify the adjusted period and limit values. This study is based on the principle that the human body will not cause acute toxic damage during short-term exposure, considering the acceptability such as chromaticity, smell, and taste in drinking water, referring to the drinking water quality standards of different countries and regions including the World Health Organization, the United States, the European Union, Japan, Australia, etc. We discussed the limited values during emergencies for 21 aesthetic and chemical characteristics from GB 5749-2022 to guaranine the drinking water safety and human health in emergencies.

Objective: To investigate the association of the levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with frailty and its components among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Health Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS, 2017-2018) were used and the elderly over 65 years old were included in this study. Through questionnaire interview and physical examination, the information including demographic characteristics, behavior, diet, daily activity, cognitive function, and health status was collected. The association between hs-CRP and frailty and its components in the participants was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model and restrictive cubic spline. Results: A total of 2 453 participants were finally included, the age was (84.8±19.8) years old. The median hs-CRP level was 1.13 mg/L and the prevalence of frailty was 24.4%. Compared with the low-level group (hs-CRP<1.0 mg/L), the OR (95%CI) value of the high-level group (hs-CRP>3.0 mg/L) was 1.79 (1.35-2.36) mg/L. As for the components, the hs-CRP level was also positively associated with ADL disability, IADL disability, functional limitation and multimorbidity. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the low-level group, the OR (95%CI) values of the high-level group for the four components were 1.68 (1.25-2.27), 1.88 (1.42-2.50), 1.68 (1.31-2.14) and 1.39 (1.12-1.72), respectively. Conclusion: There is a positive association between the levels of hs-CRP and the risk of frailty among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China. The higher hs-CRP level may increase the risk of frailty by elevating the risk of four physical functional disabilities, namely ADL disability, IADL disability, functional limitation and multimorbidity.
Humans ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis* ; Frailty/epidemiology* ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; China/epidemiology*

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum dried with two different methods(air drying and heating) on inflammation in acute lung injury(ALI) mice in vivo and in vitro. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was sprayed into the airway of wild type C57BL/6J male mice to establish the model, and the drug was injected into the tail vein 24 h after modeling. Lung function, lung tissue wet/dry weight(W/D) ratio, the total protein concentration, interleukin 6(IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), and pathological changes of the lung tissue were used to evaluate the effects of different gypenosides on ALI mice. The results showed that total gypenosides(YGGPs) and the gypenosides substituted with one or two glycosyl(GPs_(1-2)) in the air-dried sample improved the lung function, significantly lowered the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in BALF, and alleviated the lung inflammation of ALI mice. Moreover, GPs_(1-2) had a more significant effect on inhibiting NO release in RAW264.7 cells. This study showed that different drying methods affected the anti-inflammatory activity of G. pentaphyllum, and the rare saponins in the air-dried sample without heating had better anti-inflammatory activity.
Male ; Mice ; Animals ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Gynostemma ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Lung ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology*

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

The present study explored the effective approaches to realize the leading role of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in preventing diseases， the synergistic role in treating serious diseases， the core role in the rehabilitation of diseases and summarized the experience to provide feasible plans for the evaluation of other dominant diseases of TCM. To evaluate the effectiveness， safety， and economy of TCM in the treatment of ischemic stroke， encephalopathy project team of the China Center for Evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine（CCEBTCM） established an evaluation group to determine the work plan and complete the evaluation work. The concepts of the evaluation involved high-quality evidence， expert opinion survey， expert interview， and drug catalog. Under the guidance of clinical experts and methodologists， the evaluation work was completed in accordance with four steps， i.e.， plan making， data collection and data extraction， evidence synthesis and evaluation， and report writing with the rapid review method. Through the review of TCM and western medicine experts， the advantage of TCM in the treatment of ischemic stroke was positioned in the convalescence period with the predominant effects of improving the neurological function defect and improving the daily living ability. In the convalescence period of stroke， TCM treatment could improve post-stroke motor dysfunction， post-stroke cognitive impairment， consciousness disorder， swallowing disorder， aphasia， constipation， urinary function， diplopia， etc.， and the advantages of acupuncture， Chinese medicine， and traditional exercise were more prominent. In terms of safety， TCM treatment of ischemic stroke showed lower incidence of adverse reactions， fewer adverse events， and a milder degree of related symptoms. In terms of economic performance， the combined treatment of TCM and western medicine played a synergistic role and made the treatment cost more reasonable. Compared with conventional intervention， the integrated TCM and western medicine rehabilitation program showed more economic and social benefits.