This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of compound Agrimonia pilosula enteritis capsules (CAPEC) on ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice with dampness-heat syndrome. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, the model group, the positive drug (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) group, the low-dose CAPEC (CAPEC-L) group and the high-dose CAPEC (CAPEC-H) group. The mice models were established by using high-fat high-sucrose diet, feeding with distilled spirit and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The effects of CAPEC on bile acids (BAs) metabolic profiles in bile and the FXR-SREBP-1 signaling pathway were investigated in the model of UC in mice with dampness-heat syndrome by ELISA, qRT-PCR, UHPLC-QQQ/MS, and histopathological analysis. The results showed that, compared with the model group, the CAPEC-L group and the CAPEC-H group significantly reduced the disease activity index (DAI), and proinflammatory cytokine levels (including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in both serum and colon tissues. Additionally, CAPEC markedly ameliorated intestinal inflammation, hepatic lipid accumulation, and pathological alterations in tongue tissue. The CAPEC-H group significantly attenuated the abnormal elevation of BAs profiles in bile, and up-regulated hepatic mRNA levels of Cyp7a1, Cyp7b1, Cyp27a1, Bsep, Fxr, and Shp, while down-regulating Srebp-1 and Cyp8b1 expression. The experimental results suggest that CAPEC alleviates UC with dampness-heat syndrome by ameliorating BAs metabolic disorders, hepatic lipid accumulation, and intestinal inflammation. These findings provide mechanistic insights into CAPEC’s traditional effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, and strengthening the spleen to relieve diarrhea.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of modified Xiaoyaosan （JJXYS） on behavioral abnormalities and hippocampal mitochondrial quality control （MQC） in the rat model of post-myocardial infarction depression （PMD） and preliminarily explore its potential mechanism. MethodsA rat model of PMD was established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. Rats were randomized into a control group， a model group， a fluoxetine （FLX， 10 mg·kg^-1） group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose JJXYS （JJXYS-L/M/H， 1.12， 2.24， 4.48 g·kg^-1， respectively） groups. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by body weight monitoring， sucrose preference test， open field test， and forced swimming test. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were used to observe hippocampal histomorphology and neuronal changes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to determine the serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， dopamine （DA）， interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）. The mRNA levels of MQC-related genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha （PGC-1α）， nuclear respiratory factor 1 （Nrf1）， and transcription factor A， mitochondrial （TFAM） in the hippocampal tissue were measured by real-time PCR. The expression of proteins related to the dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1）/PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 （PINK1）/Parkin signaling pathway was determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed restricted body weight gain， aggravated depressive-like behaviors， declined serum 5-HT and DA levels， evident hippocampal neuronal damage and reduced Nissl bodies， as well as downregulated expression of MQC-related genes and proteins （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， both FLX and JJXYS alleviated the above changes to varying degrees. Moreover， the JJXYS-M and JJXYS-H groups showed more pronounced effects， improving behavioral performance， restoring 5-HT and DA levels， alleviating hippocampal pathological injury， and upregulating the expression of PGC-1α/Nrf1/TFAM mRNA and Drp1/PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway-related proteins （P<0.05）. ConclusionJJXYS can significantly alleviate depressive-like behaviors and neurotransmitter imbalance in the rat model of PMD by regulating hippocampal MQC and upregulating the Drp1/PINK1/Parkin-related pathway. This study provides experimental evidence for the intervention of PMD with JJXYS.

Tumor metabolic reprogramming and immune escape synergistically promote tumor progression, in which methionine (Met) metabolism plays a key role through epigenetic regulation and immune microenvironment remodelling. This paper systematically summarzes the mechanisms by which aberrant Met metabolism leads to “methionine addiction” and maintains the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, and describes its multiple modulations of the immune system: inducing T-cell depletion, promoting the polarization of M2-type macrophages, inhibiting the activity of NK cells, and enhancing the function of tumor-associated fibroblasts. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies targeting Met metabolism, including methionine-restricted diets, metabolic enzyme (MAT2A, NNMT) inhibitors, and epigenetic targets (PRMT5 inhibitors), are explored to provide theoretical reference for the development of Met-targeted therapies.

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， academic name， medicinal parts， origin， harvesting， processing and other aspects of Abri Herba and Abri Mollis Herba by referring to the herbal medicine， medical books， prescription books and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with the modern literature， so as to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing this type of medicinal materials. According to the herbal textual research， Abri Herba was first recorded in Lingnan Caiyaolu， with other aliases such as Huangtoucao and Xiye Longlincao. It originates from the dried whole plant of Abrus cantoniensis， a Fabaceae plant， which can be used medicinally except for its fruits. Currently， this species is mainly distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi， and also found in Hunan and Thailand， it can be harvested throughout the year， mainly in spring and autumn. The roots， stems， and leaves can be used for medicinal purposes， but the pods are toxic and need to be removed. After harvesting， impurities and pods are removed， and it is dried and processed for medicinal use. Abri Herba has a sweet and slightly bitter taste， is cool in nature， and is associated with the liver and stomach meridians， it is used for clearing heat and relieving dampness， dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain， and is mainly used to treat jaundice-type hepatitis， stomach pain， rheumatic bone pain， contusion and ecchymosis pain， and mastitis. Abri Mollis Herba was first recorded in the 1982 edition of Zhongyaozhi as another origin for Abri Herba， and was singled out in some monographs such as Xinhua Bencao Gangyao in 1988 for use， while some other monographs use it as a local habitual products or confused products of Abri Herba with aliases such as Daye Jigucao， Qingtingteng， and Maoxiangsi. It comes from the dried whole herb of A. mollis without pods， and is mainly produced in Guangxi and Guangdong， and occasionally found in Hong Kong， Hainan and Fujian. The collection and processing are similar to Abri Herba， after harvesting， impurities and pods are removed， and it is dried and cut for medicinal use. Abri Mollis Herba has a sweet and light taste， is cool in nature， and is associated with the liver and stomach meridians， with the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxifying， and promoting dampness， it is mainly used to treat infectious hepatitis， mastitis， furuncles， burns and scalds， and pediatric malnutrition. Based on the research， A. mollis was first recorded to be used as a medicine in the same origin as A. cantoniensis， and as plants of the same genus， have similar morphological characteristics， and their medicinal parts， collection and processing， properties and flavors， and meridian affiliations are consistent. And in the folk， Abri Mollis Herba is often used as Abri Herba， which has been used for a long time and is now dominated by the cultivation of A. mollis. So it is recommended that the subsequent version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia should include A. mollis in the origin of Abri Herba， and it is also recommended that in famous classical formulas refered to Jiguccao can use A. cantoniensis and A. mollis as the sources of the herb， refered to Mao Jiguccao can use A. mollis as the sources of the herb. Processing is carried out according to the requirements specified in the original formulas， and raw products are recommended to be included in the medicine if there are no requirements.

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， academic name， medicinal parts， origin， harvesting， processing and other aspects of Abri Herba and Abri Mollis Herba by referring to the herbal medicine， medical books， prescription books and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with the modern literature， so as to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing this type of medicinal materials. According to the herbal textual research， Abri Herba was first recorded in Lingnan Caiyaolu， with other aliases such as Huangtoucao and Xiye Longlincao. It originates from the dried whole plant of Abrus cantoniensis， a Fabaceae plant， which can be used medicinally except for its fruits. Currently， this species is mainly distributed in Guangdong and Guangxi， and also found in Hunan and Thailand， it can be harvested throughout the year， mainly in spring and autumn. The roots， stems， and leaves can be used for medicinal purposes， but the pods are toxic and need to be removed. After harvesting， impurities and pods are removed， and it is dried and processed for medicinal use. Abri Herba has a sweet and slightly bitter taste， is cool in nature， and is associated with the liver and stomach meridians， it is used for clearing heat and relieving dampness， dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain， and is mainly used to treat jaundice-type hepatitis， stomach pain， rheumatic bone pain， contusion and ecchymosis pain， and mastitis. Abri Mollis Herba was first recorded in the 1982 edition of Zhongyaozhi as another origin for Abri Herba， and was singled out in some monographs such as Xinhua Bencao Gangyao in 1988 for use， while some other monographs use it as a local habitual products or confused products of Abri Herba with aliases such as Daye Jigucao， Qingtingteng， and Maoxiangsi. It comes from the dried whole herb of A. mollis without pods， and is mainly produced in Guangxi and Guangdong， and occasionally found in Hong Kong， Hainan and Fujian. The collection and processing are similar to Abri Herba， after harvesting， impurities and pods are removed， and it is dried and cut for medicinal use. Abri Mollis Herba has a sweet and light taste， is cool in nature， and is associated with the liver and stomach meridians， with the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxifying， and promoting dampness， it is mainly used to treat infectious hepatitis， mastitis， furuncles， burns and scalds， and pediatric malnutrition. Based on the research， A. mollis was first recorded to be used as a medicine in the same origin as A. cantoniensis， and as plants of the same genus， have similar morphological characteristics， and their medicinal parts， collection and processing， properties and flavors， and meridian affiliations are consistent. And in the folk， Abri Mollis Herba is often used as Abri Herba， which has been used for a long time and is now dominated by the cultivation of A. mollis. So it is recommended that the subsequent version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia should include A. mollis in the origin of Abri Herba， and it is also recommended that in famous classical formulas refered to Jiguccao can use A. cantoniensis and A. mollis as the sources of the herb， refered to Mao Jiguccao can use A. mollis as the sources of the herb. Processing is carried out according to the requirements specified in the original formulas， and raw products are recommended to be included in the medicine if there are no requirements.

T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) is one of the simplest known RNA polymerases. Its unique structural features make it a critical model for studying the mechanisms of RNA synthesis. This review systematically examines the static crystal structure of T7 RNAP, beginning with an in-depth examination of its characteristic “thumb”, “palm”, and “finger” domains, which form the classic “right-hand-like” architecture. By detailing these structural elements, this review establishes a foundation for understanding the overall organization of T7 RNAP. This review systematically maps the functional roles of secondary structural elements and their subdomains in transcriptional catalysis, progressively elucidating the fundamental relationships between structure and function. Further, the intrinsic flexibility of T7 RNAP and its applications in research are also discussed. Additionally, the review presents the structural diagrams of the enzyme at different stages of the transcription process, and through these diagrams, it provides a detailed description of the complete transcription process of T7 RNAP. By integrating structural dynamics and kinetics analyses, the review constructs a comprehensive framework that bridges static structure to dynamic processes. Despite its advantages, T7 RNAP has a notable limitation: it generates double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a byproduct. The presence of dsRNA not only compromises the purity of mRNA products but also elicits nonspecific immune responses, which pose significant challenges for biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review provides a detailed exploration of the mechanisms underlying dsRNA formation during T7 RNAP catalysis, reviews current strategies to mitigate this issue, and highlights recent progress in the field. A key focus is the semi-rational design of T7 RNAP mutants engineered to minimize dsRNA generation and enhance catalytic performance. Beyond its role in transcription, T7 RNAP exhibits rapid development and extensive application in fields, including gene editing, biosensing, and mRNA vaccines. This review systematically examines the structure-function relationships of T7 RNAP, elucidates the mechanisms of dsRNA formation, and discusses engineering strategies to optimize its performance. It further explores the engineering optimization and functional expansion of T7 RNAP. Furthermore, this review also addresses the pressing issues that currently need resolution, discusses the major challenges in the practical application of T7 RNAP, and provides an outlook on potential future research directions. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of T7 RNAP, ranging from its structural architecture to cutting-edge applications. We systematically examine: (1) the characteristic right-hand domains (thumb, palm, fingers) that define its minimalistic structure; (2) the structure-function relationships underlying transcriptional catalysis; and (3) the dynamic transitions during the complete transcription cycle. While highlighting T7 RNAP’s versatility in gene editing, biosensing, and mRNA vaccine production, we critically address its major limitation—dsRNA byproduct formation—and evaluate engineering solutions including semi-rationally designed mutants. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying key challenges, this work aims to provide novel insights for the development and application of T7 RNAP and to foster further thought and progress in related fields.

Objective To investigate the levels of radionuclides in food in Beijing, China, and assess the committed effective dose to local residents from food intake. Methods From 2021 to 2022, a total of 65 food samples across 7 categories were collected in Beijing. The activity concentrations of radionuclides, including ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²³⁸U, ²²⁸Ra, ²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K, ⁹⁰Sr, ²¹⁰Po, ³H and ¹⁴C, were measured using gamma spectrometry and radiochemical methods. By combining the monitoring results with dietary consumption data of Beijing residents and the internal dose coefficients for Chinese reference adult phantom, the committed effective dose was estimated. Results The levels of radionuclides in food in Beijing were within the normal background range, consistent with related surveys in China and abroad, with activity concentrations below national standard limits. No significant differences were found in the activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs, ²³⁸U, ²²⁸Ra, ²²⁶Ra and ⁴⁰K between food samples collected from key areas and those from control areas (P > 0.05). The committed effective doses calculated according to internal dose coefficients for Chinese reference adult male phantom and GB 18871-2002 were 0.26 mSv and 0.19 mSv, respectively. Based on the Chinese reference adult male phantom, the majority of the committed effective dose was attributed to ²¹⁰Pb (45.1%), ²²⁸Ra (37.1%), ²¹⁰Po (12.3%), and ²²⁶Ra (4.7%). Conclusion The levels of radionuclides in food in Beijing fluctuated within the background range, resulting in a low radiation dose burden to the population.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the current situation and problems of the advanced personnel en-gaging in the hospital-acquired infection control during their training period and explore the existing countermeas-ures and future development.METHODS The literatures regarding to the advanced study in China were retrieved from databases,the subjects of the literatures covered infection control-related advanced study practice,discipline construction,position competence,talent cultivation,scientific research innovation,professional title evaluation,laws,regulations and development plans.From Aug.2024 to Nov.2024,a questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted among 36 advanced study personnel from 9 provinces of China who engaged in hos-pital-acquired infection control in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital.Eventually,36 ques-tionnaires were retrieved,all of which were valid with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100.00％.RESULTS Among the 36 advanced study personnel of hospital-acquired infection control,58.33％were medium-grade professional ti-tle;preventive medicine(41.67％),clinical medicine(25.00％)and nursing(16.67％)ranked the top 3 majors.The personnel engaged in the infection control for more than 6 years,and the duration of the advanced study was generally 3 or 6 months.In reality,the personnel faced the choices in terms of the purposes of further education,learning approaches and learning contents.The advanced study personnel also encountered the problems of challenges from promotion,improvement of position competency,integration with clinical training,supervision and practice,as well as physiological,psychological and family pressure.CONCLUSION Aiming at the problems that the advanced study personnel are generally concerned about,such as how to scientifically and effectively carry out hospital-acquired infection control advanced study and preset and solve the problems that may encounter,it is necessary to formulate targeted training programmes so as to provide bases and enlightenment for establishment of a long-term mechanism for advanced study of infection control in China.

Objective:To investigate the effects of 3 D laparoscopic radical resection prostatectomy(LRP)on urinary control and sexual function of patients with prostatic cancer.Methods:A total of 268 patients who were treated with LRP in the Fifth People's Hospital of Huai an City from January 2019 to May 2022 were selected and divided into 2 groups according to surgical methods,with 134 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were treated with traditional LRP,and the 3D LRP was used in the observa-tion group.The clinical effects of the two groups were compared.Results:The patients in observation group had less blood loss([135.62±13.58]mL vs[143.18±14.89]mL)and shorter indwelling catheter time([8.26±1.47]d vs[9.78±1.73]d)compared with control group,but the operation time([160.52±10.78]min vs[154.47±10.41]min)was longer than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The recovery of sexual function and urinary control in the observation group was better than that in the con-trol group after 3,6 and 12 months of the surgery(P＜0.05).After one month of surgery,the scores of ICIQ-SF and 1 h urine pad test were lower than those of the control group.The EPIC-UIN score([72.63±6.85]points vs[67.15±5.09]points)of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The patients in the observation group had lower level of residual urine volume([60.26±6.63]mL vs[76.89±7.89]mL),higher maximum urine flow rate([7.52±0.46]mL/s vs[6.17±0.43]mL/s)and detrusor pressure([85.19±7.18]mL vs[76.29±6.85]mL)at maximum urine flow rate compared with the control group(P＜0.05).There was no difference in the incidence of complications between the observation group and the control group(5.97％vs 8.27％,P＞0.05).The recurrence rate of tumor 3 years after operation in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(11.94％vs 29.10％,x2=12.102,P＜0.05).Conclusion:3D LRP has obvious advantages in surgical clarity and preci-sion,which reduces the risk of postoperative complications and improves urinary control ability and sexual function of patients.

Cutaneous melanoma(CM)is a highly malignant tumor caused by malignant proliferation of melanocytes,characterized by distant metastasis and high mortality.Although targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved the survival rates of advanced CM patients,tumor resistance remains a key barrier to further improving treatment outcomes.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the study of autophagy as a key regulatory cell death mode in the pathogenesis of CM.Autophagy is the main mechanism that mediates the degradation and recycling of various cellular components through lysosomes to maintain the homeostasis of the intracellular environment.A large number of studies have confirmed that the role of autophagy in CM is complex and controversial.In the early stages of CM development,autophagy may inhibit abnormal proliferation of tumor cells by removing damaged cell components.However,as the tumor progresses,autophagy may transform into a role that promotes tumor invasion and metastasis.In advanced CM,the activation of autophagy helps tumor cells survive in stressful environments.In particular,in CM with BRAF(V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1)mutations,autophagy activity is often enhanced,weakening the effectiveness of BRAF inhibitor-targeted therapy.This article provides an in-depth analysis of the dual effects of autophagy on the progression of CM and explores the role of autophagy in CM resistance,in order to provide insights for the development of new targeted therapy strategies for CM.