BACKGROUND:H-type vessels(CD31hiEmcnhi)possess unique functionalities that offer new perspectives and entry points for comprehensively understanding the mechanisms of vascular-mediated bone metabolism regulation.This has triggered a significant paradigm shift in bone science research from a"bone-centric"approach to an"integrative bone-vascular"framework.OBJECTIVE:To perform a visual analysis based on literature data in the field of H-type vessels,aiming to identify research hotspots and emerging trends.METHODS:A systematic search was conducted in the CNKI and Web of Science databases for English and Chinese publications related to H-type vessels,covering the period from 2014 to 2024.The CiteSpace 6.2.R4 information visualization software was utilized to analyze and visualize data on publication countries,authors,institutions,keywords,and timeline views.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 59 Chinese and 185 English publications were included in the analysis.Since the introduction of the H-type vessel concept in 2014,the number of related research publications has been steadily increasing,accompanied by a significant growth in academic output.China leads the research in this domain,with major institutions including Southern Medical University,Sichuan University,and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Keyword analysis indicated that current research hotspots primarily focus on the generation and regulatory mechanisms of H-type vessels,their roles in bone formation and remodeling,and their associations with bone metabolic diseases.Additionally,emerging keywords such as"induced membrane,""cartilage repair,"and"traditional Chinese medicine"suggest that research is progressively moving towards diversification and multidisciplinary integration.(2)H-type vessels play a crucial role in the development and progression of bone diseases,and relevant studies are pivotal for a deeper understanding of the physiological and pathological processes of bone tissue.Future research should further elucidate the specific mechanisms of H-type vessels in various disease contexts and promote the clinical translation of basic research findings.These efforts will provide innovative ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases.

BACKGROUND:H-type vessels(CD31hiEmcnhi)possess unique functionalities that offer new perspectives and entry points for comprehensively understanding the mechanisms of vascular-mediated bone metabolism regulation.This has triggered a significant paradigm shift in bone science research from a"bone-centric"approach to an"integrative bone-vascular"framework.OBJECTIVE:To perform a visual analysis based on literature data in the field of H-type vessels,aiming to identify research hotspots and emerging trends.METHODS:A systematic search was conducted in the CNKI and Web of Science databases for English and Chinese publications related to H-type vessels,covering the period from 2014 to 2024.The CiteSpace 6.2.R4 information visualization software was utilized to analyze and visualize data on publication countries,authors,institutions,keywords,and timeline views.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 59 Chinese and 185 English publications were included in the analysis.Since the introduction of the H-type vessel concept in 2014,the number of related research publications has been steadily increasing,accompanied by a significant growth in academic output.China leads the research in this domain,with major institutions including Southern Medical University,Sichuan University,and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Keyword analysis indicated that current research hotspots primarily focus on the generation and regulatory mechanisms of H-type vessels,their roles in bone formation and remodeling,and their associations with bone metabolic diseases.Additionally,emerging keywords such as"induced membrane,""cartilage repair,"and"traditional Chinese medicine"suggest that research is progressively moving towards diversification and multidisciplinary integration.(2)H-type vessels play a crucial role in the development and progression of bone diseases,and relevant studies are pivotal for a deeper understanding of the physiological and pathological processes of bone tissue.Future research should further elucidate the specific mechanisms of H-type vessels in various disease contexts and promote the clinical translation of basic research findings.These efforts will provide innovative ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of bone-related diseases.

ObjectiveTo construct an automatic measurement model for palmar tilt and radial inclination suitable for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） clinical scenarios， and to validate its accuracy and efficiency in TCM manipulative reduction settings. MethodsData on anteroposterior （AP） and lateral X-rays of distal radius fractures were collected from patients admitted to 18 TCM/ integrated TCM and western medicine hospitals in Jiangsu province between September 1st， 2023， and September 1st， 2024， via the Jiangsu Diagnosis and Treatment Big Data Platform for TCM Dominant Diseases. A medical image segmentation framework based on multi-scale feature fusion and edge-awareness was employed， combined with anatomical knowledge specific to TCM orthopedics， to optimize the feature extraction strategy of an artificial intelligence （AI） model. This framework enabled automatic segmentation of fracture regions and measurement of distal radius palmar tilt and radial inclination. The accuracy of the AI model in measuring radial inclination and volar tilt was validated， and the measurement time and average time gain rate of the AI model were compared to those of manual measurement. ResultsA total of 15,444 AP and lateral X-ray images of distal radius fractures were collected， and were divided into a training set （11,144 images， 5066 AP and 6078 lateral）， a validation set （3700 images， 1840 AP and 1860 lateral）， and an independent test set （600 images， 300 AP and 300 lateral） after preprocessing. In the measurement of 300 AP X-rays in the independent test set for radial inclination， when the degree error between AI measurement and manual measurement was ＜3° and ＜5°， AI measurement accuracy was 83% and 93%， respectively. In 300 lateral X-rays in the test set for palmar tilt， when AI measurements had an error of ＜3° and ＜5° compared to manual measurements， corresponding accuracy rate was 78% and 90%， respectively. For 50 X-ray images， AI measurement time was （1.37±0.05） min for radial inclination while manual measurement time was （22.57±2.52） min （P＜0.001）； in terms of palmar tilt， the AI measurement time was （1.33±0.14） min， shorter than （23.70±2.80） min for manual measurement time （P＜0.001）. Average time gain rates for manual and AI measurements were 93.93% and 94.39% respectively. ConclusionAn automatic measurement model for palmar tilt and radial inclination in distal radius fractures has been established， enabling more accurate and efficient assessment as well as providing a tool to support the quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of TCM manipulative reduction and large-sample clinical research.

AIM To observe the effects of Yiqi Jiedu Tongluo Formula(YQJDTL)on renal microvascular endothelial function and prevention of renal injury in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS The SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group.The model group was administered with high-fat diet combined with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ to establish the T2DM model.The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group,the canagliflozin group(9 mg/kg),and the low-dose and high-dose YQJDTL groups(4.77,9.45 g/kg).The corresponding doses of the drug were administered by gavage for a total of 12 weeks,during which the rats underwent observation of their general condition and blood glucose changes.After the end of administration,the rats had their levels of renal index,24-hour UP,serum SCr,BUN,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,ET-1 and NOS measured;their changes in renal microvasculature and the degree of renal fibrosis observed using HE staining,Masson staining,PAS staining,and PASM staining;their ultrastructure of the glomeruli observed using transmission electron microscopy;their renal protein expressions of TGF-β,SMAD2,SMAD3,Col-1,VEGFA and PKC detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot;and their renal mRNA expressions of VEGFA,TGF-β,SMAD2 determined by RT-qPCR.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the high-dose YQJDTL group showed decreased levels of renal index,blood glucose,TG,TC,HDL,24 h UP,BUN,SCr and ET-1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);increased LDL and NOS levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);reduced renal inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis degree,inhibited fusion of foot processes and thickening of basement membrane;decreased renal protein expressions of TGF-β,SMAD2,SMAD3,VEGFA,PKC and Col-1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and decreased mRNA expressions of VEGFA,TGF-β and SMAD2(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION In the rat models of T2DM,YQJDTL can reduce their levels of blood glucose and lipids by improving the renal indices levels and the renal microvascular endothelial functions to alleviate renal fibrosis and microangiopathy as well,and the mechanism may be associated with the down-regulated expressions of TGF-β/SMAD and VEGF pathway-related proteins.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the branches and leaves of Michelia yunnanensis Franch.ex Finet & Gagnep.and their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The methanol extract was isolated and purified by silica gel,MCI,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as dihydrodehydrodiconifenyl alcohol(1),8-hydroxypinoresinol(2),lariciresinol(3),isolariciresinol(4),(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8',9'-dinor-8,4'-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7'-aldehyde(5),thero-2,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxypheyl)-3-methoxy-propanol(6),evofolin B(7),(E)-p-coumaryl alcohol γ-O-methyl ether(8),ω-hydroxypropioguaiacone(9),sinapaldehyde(10),isoscopoletin(11),6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin(12),2α,3α-dihydroxy-2-methylbutyrolactone(13),6-hydroxy-3(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one(14),benzofuran-2-carboxaldehyde(15),3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde(16),3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(17),3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde(18),3,4-dihydroxybenzoic methyl ester(19),vanillic acid(20).The inhibition rate of compound 1 on NO was 45.39％±0.32％.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-16,18-20 are first isolated from this plant.Compound 1 has anti-inflammatory activity.

This study was aimed at establishing a method of ultra-fast quantitative PCR for Brucella detection.We used an exogenous recombinant plasmid as the internal reference and targeted the T4SS secretion system,an important Brucella viru-lence factor,to design specific primers and probes.The sensitivity,specificity,and repeatability of this method were evaluated,and a standard curve was constructed.The coincidence rate of detection findings with this method versus quantitative PCR was determined.This method markedly decreased the detection time to only 10 minutes.The standard curve demonstrated a good linear relationship(Y=-3.410 7x+38.357,R2=0.998 5)with a low minimum detection limit of 10 copies/μL.The method exhibited good specificity and did not specifically amplify several common clinical bacteria other than Brucella.The de-tection of three concentrations of positive plasmids yielded coefficients of variation(CVs)of 0.20％to 0.91％,thus demonstra-ting the method's excellent repeatability.Furthermore,140 clinical samples were analyzed concurrently with the fluorescence PCR method,which yielded a 100％compliance rate and consistent results.Our findings indicated that the Brucella ultra-fast quantitative PCR was ultrafast;had high sensitivity,high specificity,and good specificity;and can be used for the clinical de-tection of Brucella and emergency investigation of epidemics.Therefore,this method is valuable for the early diagnosis of Bru-cella.

Aim To evaluate the toxicity and mecha-nism of Epimedium sagittatum(Sieb.et Zucc.)Maxim aqueous extract(ESMAE)on HepaRG cells based on serum toxicology.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the activity of HepaRG cells after treatment with the serum containing ESMAE from SD rats.Western blot was used to detect the effects of the serum contai-ning drug on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins(PERK,eIF-2α,ATF-4,GRP78,CHOP)and pyroptosis related proteins(NL-RP1,caspase-1,cleaved caspase-1,GSDMD,GSDMD-N).MTT assay was used to detect the activity of Hep-aRG cells after treatment with the liver homogenate containing ESMAE from SD rats.Results Twenty percent serum containing drug significantly decreased the viability of HepaRG cells,with the cells exhibiting swelling,rupture,and vesicle-like pyroptosis.The ex-pression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins PERK,eIF-2α,ATF-4,GRP78,and CHOP significantly increased.The expression levels of pro-teins involved in the NLRP1-mediated classical pyrop-tosis pathway were significantly increased.Finally the liver homogenate containing drug decreased the cell ac-tivity,and cells exhibited swelling,rupture,and vesicle-like pyroptosis.Conclusions After administration of ESMAE,the serum containing drug and the liver ho-mogenate containing drug of rats show toxicity to Hep-aRG cells,and can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and activate the NLRP1/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway in HepaRG cells.

BACKGROUND:Slow bone repair and poor bone formation quality are still problems during masquelet technique in the treatment of large segment bone defects.H-type vessels can induce osteogenesis,enhance the local angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling,and promote bone repair.However,there are few reports on the role of H-type blood vessels in the bone induced membrane.OBJECTIVE:To construct a large segment bone defect model of SD rat tibia,observe the expression characteristics of H-type blood vessels in the bone induced membrane,then to identify the expression peak point of H-type blood vessels in the bone induced membrane and determine the optimal period of bone grafting.METHODS:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into a control group(n=30)and a model group(n=30)by random number table method.The two groups were further divided into three subgroups at 4,6,and 8 weeks after bone cement implantation,with 10 rats in each group.A 4 mm bone defect model of the right tibia was constructed in both the control and the model groups.Polymethyl methacrylate bone cement was implanted in the model group to induce bone biomembrane formation,while bone cement was not implanted in the control group.At 4,6,and 8 weeks after bone cement implantation,6 rats were randomly selected at each time point.The bone induction membrane tissue was cut from the model group,and the non-bone soft tissue of the corresponding part was cut from the control group.The dynamic expressions of H-type blood vessels in the bone induced membrane were identified by immunofluorescence.The morphological changes of the bone induced membrane were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The formation of blood vessels in the bone induced membrane was observed by angiography.The expression levels of osteoblast-specific transcription factor in the bone induced membrane were detected by immunohistochemistry.Four rats remained at each time point.In the model group,the bone induced membrane was cut open and the bone cement was removed and autologous coccyx was implanted.In the control group,autologous coccyx was implanted in the bone defect area.Micro-CT evaluation of the tibial defect was performed 8 weeks after bone grafting.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of H-type vessels in the model group was most obvious 6 weeks after bone cement implantation,and the expression of H-type vessels in the model group at each time point after bone cement implantation was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).(2)Hematoxylin-eosin staining and angiography showed that the number and volume of new blood vessels at each time point after bone cement implantation in the model group were greater than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The order of the number and volume of new blood vessels in the model group was:8 weeks after bone cement implantation＞6 weeks after bone cement implantation＞4 weeks after bone cement implantation.(3)Immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive expression of osteoblast-specific transcription factors at each time point after bone cement implantation in the model group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05),and the positive expression of osteoblast-specific transcription factors in the model group was most obvious 6 weeks after bone cement implantation.(4)Micro-CT detection showed that the bone repair effect of the three subgroups in the model group was significantly better than that of the corresponding subgroups in the control group,and the bone repair effect of the subgroup in the model group 6 weeks after bone cement implantation was better than that of the subgroups 4 and 8 weeks after bone cement implantation.The results indicate that H-type blood vessels are dynamically expressed in the bone induced membrane and reached a peak 6 weeks after bone cement implantation.Good bone repair effects can be obtained by the bone induced membrane bone grafting 6 weeks after bone cement implantation.

Objective To analyze the relationship between implant placement methods and the change of alveolar crest mucosal thickness under different gingival thickness.Methods A total of 98 patients with posterior tooth loss from June 2022 to December 2022 were selected,and a total of 120 implants were implanted.There were 90 samples in the thin gingiva group(gingiva thickness＜3 mm)and 30 samples in the thick gingiva group(gingiva thickness≥3 mm).For the thin gingival cases,three different surgical meth-ods were used for one-stage implantation.Group A(32 teeth)received ridge trimming before implantation.In group B,30 implants were placed under the bone.In group C,28 teeth used tent technique to analyze the vertical soft tissue thickness changes of alveolar crest before and 3～4 months after osseointegration.Results The thin gingival group was treated with three different treatments A,B and C.The gingival thickness increased from Ha(1.96±0.35)mm,Hb(1.89±0.42)mm,Hc(1.96±0.29)mm to H'a(2.88±0.23)mm,H'b(2.93±0.30)mm,H'c(2.65±0.22)mm,respectively.The alveolar crest vertical mucosal thickness of the three groups increased significantly(P＜0.05).The increase in group A and B(about 1 mm)was slightly higher than that in group C(about 0.6 mm),while there was no significant difference between the control group Hd(3.60±0.24)mm and H'd(3.36±0.47)mm(P＞0.05).In addition,the intraoperative gingival thickness measurements(Ha,Hb,Hc,Hd)were basically consistent with the CBCT imaging measurements(HA,HB,HC,HD),and there was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Careful analysis of the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the mucosa before implant surgery and selection of different implantation methods can increase the vertical thickness of the alveolar crest to the appropriate position,thereby maintaining the stability of the bone around the implant and improving the success rate of the implant.

Objective To explore the effect of exercise-induced fatigue on intra-and interhemispher-ic functional connectivity of the primary motor cortex during unilateral ankle plantar-dorsiflexion.Meth-ods Twenty-four healthy adult males(age:21.6±2.2 years;all right-side dominant)were selected as participants for the study.They ran on a treadmill at an individualized constant speed until fatigue.Fatigue was determined when all the following criteria were met:(1)participants failing to maintain the individualized constant speed despite the strong verbal encouragement from the experimenters;(2)reaching a rating of perceived exertion(RPE)score of at least 19;and(3)their heart rate reaching 90%of their age-predicted maximal heart rate(220-age).Moreover,EEG signals from four channels(C1,C2,C3,and C4)of the primary motor cortex were collected during unilateral ankle dorsi-plan-tarflexion movements before and after fatigue,followed by EEG coherence analyses on the collected da-ta.Results Compared to the pre-fatigue state,the coherence values of the intra-hemispheric primary motor cortex electrode pairs C1-C3 and C2-C4 during unilateral ankle plantar-dorsiflexion decreased significantly in the alpha and gamma bands after fatigue(both P<0.05).Conversely,the value of the interhemispheric primary motor cortex electrode pair C1-C2 increased significantly in the beta band(P<0.05).Conclusion Exercise-induced fatigue significantly weakens the intra-hemispheric functional con-nectivity of the primary motor cortex during unilateral ankle plantar-dorsiflexion.However,it may en-hance the interhemispheric functional connectivity and potentially collaborate to strengthen the regula-tion of fatigued muscles.