With the rise of data-intensive research, data literacy has become a critical capability for improving scientific data quality and achieving artificial intelligence (AI) readiness. In the biomedical domain, data are characterized by high complexity and privacy sensitivity, calling for robust and systematic data management skills. This paper reviews current trends in scientific data governance and the evolving policy landscape, highlighting persistent challenges such as inconsistent standards, semantic misalignment, and limited awareness of compliance. These issues are largely rooted in the lack of structured training and practical support for researchers. In response, this study builds on existing data literacy frameworks and integrates the specific demands of biomedical research to propose a comprehensive, lifecycle-oriented data literacy competency model with an emphasis on ethics and regulatory awareness. Furthermore, it outlines a tiered training strategy tailored to different research stages-undergraduate, graduate, and professional, offering theoretical foundations and practical pathways for universities and research institutions to advance data literacy education.
Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Biomedical Research

AIM To investigate the clinical effects of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction combined with non-immunosuppressive treatment on patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis due to Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency.METHODS Sixty patients were randomly assigned into control group(30 cases)for 24-week intervention of non-immunosuppressive treatment,and observation group(30 cases)for 24-week intervention of both Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction and non-immunosuppressive treatment.The changes in clinical effects,TCM syndrome effects,TCM syndrome score,24 h UTP,ALB,eGFR,Nephrin,Podocin and safety indices were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate and TCM syndrome effective rate than the control group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed decreased TCM syndrome score,24 h UTP,Nephrin,Podocin(P＜0.05),and increased ALB(P＜0.05),especially for the observation group(P＜0.05).No obvious adverse reactions occured in the two groups.CONCLUSION For the patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis due to Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency,Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction combined with non-immunosuppressive treatment can improve TCM syndromes,whose action mechanism may be contribute to the alleviation of podocyte injury.

The stability of ammonium ion selective electrode is an important indicator to ensure accurate monitoring of ammonia nitrogen concentration in drinking water.However,in long-term monitoring process,interfering ions and water molecules in water samples may penetrate into the interior of the ammonium ion selective electrode to form a water layer,which affects the potential response and stability of the electrode.Perfluorooctanoic acid is a low surface energy material,and doping it in polyaniline can reduce surface energy of the composite and improve surface roughness.In this work,five ammonium ion selective electrodes were prepared by doping polyaniline with different concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid as a solid contact layer,which made the solid contact layer of electrode had hydrophobic properties,thereby improving stability of the ammonium ion selective electrode.The stability of the ion-selective electrode was evaluated by potential drift experiment,and the optimal doping concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid in the sediment solution was determined to be 5 mmol/L.The experiment results showed that the solid contact layer had a water contact angle of 132o under the doping concentration,the potential drift rate was 41.66 μV/h,and potential drift rate in the aqueous layer test was 1.31 mV/h,which were all better than those of the unmodified electrode.The standard deviation of the electrode potential was 1.42 mV,which was obviously superior to that of the unmodified electrode.The characteristics of high stability of the electrode made it suitable for long-term monitoring of ammonia nitrogen content in water samples.

Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a transformative surveillance tool for estimating substance consumption and monitoring disease prevalence, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. It enables the population-level monitoring of illicit drug use, pathogen prevalence, and environmental pollutant exposure. In this perspective, we summarize the key challenges specific to the Chinese context: (1) Sampling inconsistencies, necessitating standardized 24-hour composite protocols with high-frequency autosamplers (≤ 15 min/event) to improve the representativeness of samples; (2) Biomarker validation, requiring rigorous assessment of excretion profiles and in-sewer stability; (3) Analytical method disparities, demanding inter-laboratory proficiency testing and the development of automated pretreatment instruments; (4) Catchment population dynamics, reducing estimation uncertainties through mobile phone data, flow-based models, or hydrochemical parameters; and (5) Ethical and data management concerns, including privacy risks for small communities, mitigated through data de-identification and tiered reporting platforms. To address these challenges, we propose an integrated framework that features adaptive sampling networks, multi-scale wastewater sample banks, biomarker databases with multidimensional metadata, and intelligent data dashboards. In summary, wastewater-based epidemiology offers unparalleled scalability for equitable health surveillance and can improve the health of the entire population by providing timely and objective information to guide the development of targeted policies.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Wastewater/analysis* ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Public Health ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; SARS-CoV-2

AIM To investigate the clinical effects of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction combined with non-immunosuppressive treatment on patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis due to Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency.METHODS Sixty patients were randomly assigned into control group(30 cases)for 24-week intervention of non-immunosuppressive treatment,and observation group(30 cases)for 24-week intervention of both Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction and non-immunosuppressive treatment.The changes in clinical effects,TCM syndrome effects,TCM syndrome score,24 h UTP,ALB,eGFR,Nephrin,Podocin and safety indices were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate and TCM syndrome effective rate than the control group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed decreased TCM syndrome score,24 h UTP,Nephrin,Podocin(P＜0.05),and increased ALB(P＜0.05),especially for the observation group(P＜0.05).No obvious adverse reactions occured in the two groups.CONCLUSION For the patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis due to Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency,Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction combined with non-immunosuppressive treatment can improve TCM syndromes,whose action mechanism may be contribute to the alleviation of podocyte injury.

Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing. Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing. Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of metoprolol standard dosing pathway (MSDP) in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: In this multicenter, prospective, open label, single-arm and interventional study that was conducted from February 2018 to April 2019 in fifteen Chinese hospitals. A total of 998 hospitalized patients aged ≥ 18 years and diagnosed with ACS were included. The MSDP was applied to all eligible ACS patients based on the standard treatment recommended by international guidelines. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving the target dose at discharge (V2). The secondary endpoints included the heart rate and blood pressure at V2 and four weeks after discharge (V4), and percentage of patients experiencing bradycardia (heart rate < 50 beats/min), hypotension (blood pressure < 90/60 mmHg) and transient cardiac dysfunction at V2 and V4. RESULTS: Of the 998 patients, 29.46% of patients achieved the target dose (≥ 95 mg/d) at V2. The total population was divided into two groups: target group (patients achieving the target dose at V2) and non-target group (patients not achieving the target dose at V2). There was significant difference in the reduction of heart rate from baseline to discharge in the two groups (-4.97 ± 11.90 beats/min vs. -2.70 ± 9.47 beats/min, P = 0.034). There was no significant difference in the proportion of bradycardia that occurred in the two groups at V2 (0 vs. 0, P = 1.000) and V4 (0.81% vs. 0.33%, P = 0.715). There was no significant difference in the proportion of hypotension between the two groups at V2 (0.004% vs. 0.004%, P = 1.000) and V4 (0 vs. 0.005%, P = 0.560). No transient cardiac dysfunction occurred in two groups during the study. A total of five adverse events (1.70%) and one serious adverse event (0.34%) were related to the pathway in target group. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese ACS patients, the feasibility and tolerability of the MSDP have been proved to be acceptable.

Objective: To investigate the response characteristics of patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC) treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the first line. Methods: Patients with nsq-NSCLC who achieved complete or partial remission after treatment with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the RATIONALE 304 study, as assessed by an independent review board, were selected to analyze the response characteristics and safety profile of the responders. Time to response (TTR) was defined as the time from randomization to the achievement of first objective response. Depth of response (DpR) was defined as the maximum percentage of tumor shrinkage compared with the sum of the baseline target lesion length diameters. Results: As of January 23, 2020, 128 patients treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy achieved objective tumor response (responders), representing 57.4%(128/223) of the intention-to-treat population, with a TTR of 5.1 to 33.3 weeks and a median TTR of 7.9 weeks. Of the responders (128), 50.8%(65) achieved first remission at the first efficacy assessment (week 6), 31.3%(40) at the second efficacy assessment (week 12), and 18.0%(23) at the third and subsequent tumor assessments. The percentages of responders who achieved a depth of tumor response of 30% to <50%, 50% to <70% and 70% to 100% were 45.3%(58/128), 28.1%(36/128) and 26.6%(34/128), respectively, with median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.7 to 9.9 months), 11.5 months (95% CI: 7.7 months to not reached) and not reached (95% CI: 11.8 months to not estimable), respectively. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy were generally well tolerated in responders with similar safety profile to the overall safety population. Conclusion: Among responders to tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy for nsq-NSCLC, 82.0%(105/128) achieves response within the first two tumor assessments (12 weeks) and 18.0%(23/128) achieves response at later (18 to 33 weeks) assessments, and there is a trend toward prolonged PFS in responders with deeper tumor response.
Humans ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Treatment Outcome

Aiming at the hysteresis and destructiveness of off-line static detection of critical quality attribute of the moisture content of the raw material unit of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process, honey-processed Tussilago farfara, honey-processed Astragalus and honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis were used as the research carriers, and the drying method was used to measure the moisture content as a reference value. The moving stage was used to simulate the movement process of samples on the conveyor belt in the actual on-site production process, and near-infrared (NIR) spectra were collected, combined with machine learning, to establish NIR on-site dynamic detection model of moisture content in multi-variety honey-processed Chinese herbal slice. The results show that the second derivative method is used to preprocess the spectrum. The number of decision trees (ntree), the number of random features (max feature), and the minimum number of samples for generating leaf nodes (node size) are selected: 46, 76, and 8, respectively. The quantitative analysis model of moisture content has the best effect. The prediction coefficient of determination (the prediction coefficient of determination, R²_pre) and the root mean square error of prediction (root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP) of the model were 0.903 2 and 0.330 2, respectively. The NIR quantitative model for the moisture content of multi-variety honey-processed Chinese herbal slice established in this study has good predictive performance, and can achieve rapid, accurate and non-destructive quantitative analysis of the moisture content of honey-processed Tussilago farfara, honey-processed Astragalus and honey-processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis at the same time, and provides a method for determining the moisture content of honey-processed Chinese herbal slice of the raw material unit of the traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process.

Atrial Fibrillation/surgery* ; Catheter Ablation ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Intracranial Embolism/surgery* ; Radiofrequency Ablation ; Treatment Outcome