Objective： The aim of this study is to explore the predictive value of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging(bpMRI)for pelvic lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer patients with PSA≤20 μg/L and establish a nomogram. Methods： The imaging data and clinical data of 363 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2018 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen independent risk factors for pelvic lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer, and a nomogram of the clinical prediction model was established. Calibration curves were drawn to evaluate the accuracy of the model. Results： Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed extrocapusular extension (OR=8.08,95%CI=2.62－24.97, P<0.01), enlargement of pelvic lymph nodes (OR=4.45,95%CI=1.16－17.11,P=0.030), and biopsy ISUP grade(OR=1.97,95%CI=1.12－3.46, P=0.018)were independent risk factors for pelvic lymph node metastasis. The C-index of the prediction model was 0.834, which indicated that the model had a good prediction ability. The actual value of the model calibration curve and the prediction probability of the model fitted well, indicating that the model had a good accuracy. Further analysis of DCA curve showed that the model had good clinical application value when the risk threshold ranged from 0.05 to 0.70.Conclusion： For prostate cancer patients with PSA≤20 μg/L, bpMRI has a good predictive value for the pelvic lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer with extrocapusular extension, enlargement of pelvic lymph nodes and ISUP grade≥4.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Nomograms ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood* ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Pelvis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prostatectomy ; Lymph Node Excision ; Risk Factors ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Aged

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 3-18 years from 11 provinces, antonomous regions, or municipalities.Methods:This national cross-sectional community health survey utilized a multistage stratified cluster-random sampling method to recruit 193 997 nationally representative participants from 11 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities between January 2017 and December 2019. All participants underwent physical examinations, and their caregivers completed questionnaires assessing participants′ dietary, lifestyle, familial, and perinatal information. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were employed to identify the potential risk factors.Results:The cohort comprised 193 997 children (102 178 boys, 91 819 girls),aged (10±4) years. Overall prevalence rates were 30 574(15.8%)overweight children and 17 217(8.9%) obesity children. Boys exhibited higher overweight and obesity rates than girls (17.0% (17 368/102 178) vs. 14.4% (13 206/102 178), 11.3% (11 553/91 819) vs. 6.2% (5 664/91 819), χ2=249.12,1 578.69,both P<0.001). The detection rates of obesity in Tanner stage 2 and 3 were the highest in boys and girls, with 13.4%(2 231/16 665) and 8.6%(880/10 221) respectively. Risk factors for obesity included parental overweight (paternal OR=2.34 and maternal OR=2.29), annual household income of 100 000-200 000 yuan (compared with<100 000 yuan, OR=1.04), higher paternal education (compared with below high school,high school and a college education OR=1.09,1.14), birth weight >4.0 kg (≤5 and>5 years old OR=1.74, 1.44,respectively), and western food consumption≥1 time/month (compared with<1, 1-2, 3-4,>4 times/month OR=1.36, 1.30, 1.67(≤5 years), 1.19, 1.16, 1.15 (>5 years), respectively) (all P<0.05). Conversely, coarse grain intake≥1 times/week (compared with<1 times/week, every day, 3-4, 1-2 times/week OR=0.74, 0.80, 0.71 (≤5 years), 0.75, 0.87, 0.90(>5 years), respectively, all P<0.05) was associated with reduced obesity risk. Conclusions:Obesity epidemiology in children demonstrates significant heterogeneity across age, gender, geographic regions, and pubertal stages. It is necessary to establish a personalized prevention and control strategy.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 3-18 years from 11 provinces, antonomous regions, or municipalities.Methods:This national cross-sectional community health survey utilized a multistage stratified cluster-random sampling method to recruit 193 997 nationally representative participants from 11 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities between January 2017 and December 2019. All participants underwent physical examinations, and their caregivers completed questionnaires assessing participants′ dietary, lifestyle, familial, and perinatal information. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were employed to identify the potential risk factors.Results:The cohort comprised 193 997 children (102 178 boys, 91 819 girls),aged (10±4) years. Overall prevalence rates were 30 574(15.8%)overweight children and 17 217(8.9%) obesity children. Boys exhibited higher overweight and obesity rates than girls (17.0% (17 368/102 178) vs. 14.4% (13 206/102 178), 11.3% (11 553/91 819) vs. 6.2% (5 664/91 819), χ2=249.12,1 578.69,both P<0.001). The detection rates of obesity in Tanner stage 2 and 3 were the highest in boys and girls, with 13.4%(2 231/16 665) and 8.6%(880/10 221) respectively. Risk factors for obesity included parental overweight (paternal OR=2.34 and maternal OR=2.29), annual household income of 100 000-200 000 yuan (compared with<100 000 yuan, OR=1.04), higher paternal education (compared with below high school,high school and a college education OR=1.09,1.14), birth weight >4.0 kg (≤5 and>5 years old OR=1.74, 1.44,respectively), and western food consumption≥1 time/month (compared with<1, 1-2, 3-4,>4 times/month OR=1.36, 1.30, 1.67(≤5 years), 1.19, 1.16, 1.15 (>5 years), respectively) (all P<0.05). Conversely, coarse grain intake≥1 times/week (compared with<1 times/week, every day, 3-4, 1-2 times/week OR=0.74, 0.80, 0.71 (≤5 years), 0.75, 0.87, 0.90(>5 years), respectively, all P<0.05) was associated with reduced obesity risk. Conclusions:Obesity epidemiology in children demonstrates significant heterogeneity across age, gender, geographic regions, and pubertal stages. It is necessary to establish a personalized prevention and control strategy.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) shows promise as a regenerative modality for mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction (ED). However, its efficacy in treating severe ED remains unknown. Blood samples from 8-week-old male rats were used to prepare PRP through a two-step centrifugation procedure, followed by chitosan activation and freeze thaw cycle. A hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-related ED model was established using a methionine-enriched diet, and an apomorphine (APO) test was conducted during the 4 th week. APO-negative rats were divided into two groups and were injected with PRP or saline every 2 weeks. Erectile function and histological analyses of the corpus cavernosum were performed during the 16 th week. The results revealed that erectile function was significantly impaired in rats with HHcy-related ED compared to that in age-matched rats but was improved by repeated PRP injections. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a reduction in reactive oxygen species and additional benefits on the recovery of structures within the corpus cavernosum in rats that received PRP treatment compared to those in the saline-injected control group. Therefore, PRP could enhance functional and structural recovery in a severe HHcy-related ED model. A notable strength of the present study lies in the use of a repeated intracavernous injection method, mirroring protocols used in human studies, which offers more reliable results for translating the findings to humans.
Animals ; Male ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Hyperhomocysteinemia/complications* ; Erectile Dysfunction/etiology* ; Rats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Penis ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Penile Erection/physiology* ; Apomorphine/administration & dosage*

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with end-stage heart failure who receive heart transplant under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.Methods:The clinical data of 12 pediatric patients who received heart transplant with ECMO support in the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital and Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital, from January 2019 to December 2023 was collected. The data included sex, age, weight, diagnosis, pre-ECMO lactate level, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), and preoperative ECMO running time. Surgical data included cold ischemia time of the donor heart, cardiopulmonary bypass time, intraoperative use of immunosuppressant, postoperative use of ECMO, duration of postoperative ECMO, rate of successful weaning from ECMO, and survival discharge rate. The paired t-test was performed to compare cardiac function indices before and after left ventricular decompression. Results:The 12 patients ranged in age from 1.1 to 15.8 years, and weighted from 8 to 63 kg. Ten children were diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, one with myocardial underdensification, and one with a novel heterozygous mutation of the SCN5A gene causing overlap syndrome complicated by fatal arrhythmia. Before ECMO, the lactate ranged from 0.6 to>15.0 mmol/L, the LVEF from 6.5% to 43%, and VIS from 3 to 108. Four patients underwent left ventricular decompression supported by preoperative ECMO, and their pulse pressure was significantly increased after decompression ((17.8±2.1) vs. (9.8±1.5) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, t=11.31, P=0.001), while there was no apparent change in LVEF ((26.8±4.4)% vs. (24.9±4.9)%, t=1.75, P=0.178). A total of 7 children received a second run of ECMO after surgery and 3 of them successfully weaned off ECMO and survived to discharge. In the entire cohort, 10 were successfully weaned from ECMO and 8 survived to discharge. Conclusions:For children with end-stage heart failure supported by ECMO, left ventricular decompression can significantly improve pulse pressure. These patients will eventually require heart transplantation.

Chronic kidney disease(CKD)commonly used dietary assessments including 24-hour dietary recall(24 h DR)/3-day dietary recall(3DDR),food frequency questionnaire(FFQ),dietary records,and estimation of dietary protein intake based on nitrogen balance.Given the high prevalence of CKD patients in Asian population and the scarcity of research using FFQ method,it is crucial to develop an FFQ suitable for Chinese CKD patients.This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of dietary assessment methods for CKD,the current research status,and the content and steps involved in establishing an FFQ,with the aim of providing reference for the modification of FFQ for Chinese CKD patients.

Background:The endoscopic activity of Crohn's disease(CD)is now an important indicator for judging the prognosis of the disease.Endoscopy is accurate but is not suitable for frequent use.The simplified Crohn's disease activity index(sCDAI)is a convenient clinical activity assessment tool,but its efficacy in predicting endoscopic activity alone is generally average.Aims:To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of combining fecal calprotectin(FC)with the sCDAI in assessing the endoscopic remission status of CD patients.Methods:The correlation between sCDAI and endoscopic scores was analyzed.The differences in the median distribution of endoscopic scores among different sCDAI score groups were compared.The correlations between FC,C-reactive protein(CRP),and the systemic inflammatory index(SII)with endoscopic scores were evaluated.The threshold of FC for predicting endoscopic remission was determined using the ROC curve.The predictive performance indicators(sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy)of using FC alone and combining FC with sCDAI in predicting endoscopic remission were compared.Results:There were significant differences in the median simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease(SES-CD)among different sCDAI groups(P<0.05).SES-CD scores were significantly positively correlated with FC(r=0.403,P<0.05)and CRP(r=0.351,P<0.05),but not significantly correlated with SII(r=0.184,P=0.110).There was a significant difference in FC levels between the endoscopic remission group and the active group(P<0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of using FC alone to predict endoscopic remission were 0.75,0.59,and 0.72,respectively.The predictive scheme combining FC and sCDAI showed higher sensitivity(0.85)and accuracy(0.78),but slightly lower specificity(0.53).Conclusions:The combination of FC and sCDAI show higher sensitivity and accuracy in predicting the endoscopic remission status of CD patients compared to using FC alone.This provides a new perspective and tool for clinical monitoring and efficacy evaluation of CD.

Background:The endoscopic activity of Crohn's disease(CD)is now an important indicator for judging the prognosis of the disease.Endoscopy is accurate but is not suitable for frequent use.The simplified Crohn's disease activity index(sCDAI)is a convenient clinical activity assessment tool,but its efficacy in predicting endoscopic activity alone is generally average.Aims:To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of combining fecal calprotectin(FC)with the sCDAI in assessing the endoscopic remission status of CD patients.Methods:The correlation between sCDAI and endoscopic scores was analyzed.The differences in the median distribution of endoscopic scores among different sCDAI score groups were compared.The correlations between FC,C-reactive protein(CRP),and the systemic inflammatory index(SII)with endoscopic scores were evaluated.The threshold of FC for predicting endoscopic remission was determined using the ROC curve.The predictive performance indicators(sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy)of using FC alone and combining FC with sCDAI in predicting endoscopic remission were compared.Results:There were significant differences in the median simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease(SES-CD)among different sCDAI groups(P<0.05).SES-CD scores were significantly positively correlated with FC(r=0.403,P<0.05)and CRP(r=0.351,P<0.05),but not significantly correlated with SII(r=0.184,P=0.110).There was a significant difference in FC levels between the endoscopic remission group and the active group(P<0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of using FC alone to predict endoscopic remission were 0.75,0.59,and 0.72,respectively.The predictive scheme combining FC and sCDAI showed higher sensitivity(0.85)and accuracy(0.78),but slightly lower specificity(0.53).Conclusions:The combination of FC and sCDAI show higher sensitivity and accuracy in predicting the endoscopic remission status of CD patients compared to using FC alone.This provides a new perspective and tool for clinical monitoring and efficacy evaluation of CD.

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential targets and mechanisms of the modified Baihe dihuang decoction （MBD/ BDD） applied in post-stroke depression （PSD）. METHODS Network pharmacology was used to mine the potential targets and key pathways of MBD/BDD in the treatment of PSD. PSD model rats were induced by focal cerebral ischemia surgery combined with chronic unforeseen mild stress， and then were randomly divided into PSD model group， MBD/BDD group （12.6 g/kg， by raw drug）， and fluoxetine hydrochloride （FLX） group （positive control， 2.3 mg/kg）； a blank control group was also set up， with 8 rats in each group. Each administration group was given a corresponding medication solution by gavage once a day for 21 consecutive days. The intervention effect of MBD/BDD on depression-like symptoms in model rats was evaluated by open field and forced swimming tests. The brain tissues of rats in each group were dissected and total RNA was extracted for transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The mRNA and protein expressions of genes with significant changes and common neurotrophic factors were verified based on the above results. RESULTS A total of 131 MBD/BDD antidepressant-related target genes were obtained （such as IL1B and AKT1， etc.）， which were closely related to neural active ligand-receptor interactions and cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway. MBD/BDD could significantly prolong or increase the total time spent and distance traveled in the central grid of qiangzhe@cqtcm.edu.cn PSD model rats， and significantly shorten the cumulative immobility time （P＜0.05）. After treatment with MBD/BDD， the number of genes that changed in rat brain tissue was much higher than that in the FLX group， and there were significant differences in gene profiles among the PSD model group， MBD/BDD group， and FLX group. There were 1 351 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） between the MBD/BDD group and the PSD model group， of which 178 were significantly down-regulated and 1 173 were significantly up-regulated （P＜0.05）. Above 1 351 DEGs were involved in neuronal differentiation， chemical synaptic transmission regulation. They were significantly enriched in axonal guidance， cholinergic synapses and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. The top 30 genes in terms of up-regulation in the brain tissue of rats of MBD/BDD group were all associated with neuronal proliferation， development， differentiation， and migration. After MBD/BDD intervention， the expressions of Fezf2， Arx， Ostn， Nrgn genes， brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase receptor B protein in brain tissue of rats were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The anti-PSD effect of MBD/BDD may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of genes related to neuronal proliferation， development， differentiation and migration， as well as the promotion of neural structural and functional repair.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sexual development in Chinese children. Methods: A nationwide multicenter and population-based large cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China from January 2017 to December 2018. Data on sex, age, height, weight were collected, BMI was calculated and sexual characteristics were analyzed. The subjects were divided into four groups based on age, including ages 3-<6 years, 6-<10 years, 10-<15 years and 15-<18 years. Multiple Logistic regression models were used for evaluating the associations of BMI with sexual development in children. Dichotomous Logistic regression was used to compare the differences in the distribution of early and non-early puberty among normal weight, overweight and obese groups. Curves were drawn to analyze the relationship between the percentage of early puberty and BMI distribution in girls and boys at different Tanner stages. Results: A total of 208 179 healthy children (96 471 girls and 111 708 boys) were enrolled in this study. The OR values of B2, B3 and B4+ in overweight girls were 1.72 (95%CI: 1.56-1.89), 3.19 (95%CI: 2.86-3.57), 7.14 (95%CI: 6.33-8.05) and in obese girls were 2.05 (95%CI: 1.88-2.24), 4.98 (95%CI: 4.49-5.53), 11.21 (95%CI: 9.98-12.59), respectively; while the OR values of G2, G3, G4+ in overweight boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.38), 1.52 (95%CI: 1.36-1.70), 1.88 (95%CI: 1.66-2.14) and in obese boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.37), 1.59 (95%CI: 1.43-1.78), and 1.93 (95%CI: 1.70-2.18) (compared with normal weight Tanner 1 group,all P<0.01). Analysis in different age groups found that OR values of obese girls at B2 stage and boys at G2 stage were 2.02 (95%CI: 1.06-3.86) and 2.32 (95%CI:1.05-5.12) in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, respectively (both P<0.05). And in the age group of 6-10 years, overweight girls had a 5.45-fold risk and obese girls had a 12.54-fold risk of B3 stage compared to girls with normal BMI. Compared with normal weight children, the risk of early puberty was 2.67 times higher in overweight girls, 3.63 times higher in obese girls, and 1.22 times higher in overweight boys, 1.35 times higher in obese boys (all P<0.01). Among the children at each Tanner stages, the percentage of early puberty increased with the increase of BMI, from 5.7% (80/1 397), 16.1% (48/299), 13.8% (27/195) to 25.7% (198/769), 65.1% (209/321), 65.4% (157/240) in girls aged 8-<9, 10-<11 and 11-<12 years, and 6.6% (34/513), 18.7% (51/273), 21.6% (57/264) to 13.3% (96/722), 46.4% (140/302), 47.5% (105/221) in boys aged 9-<10, 12-<13 and 13-<14 years, respectively. Conclusions: BMI is positively correlated with sexual development in both Chinese boys and girls, and the correlation is stronger in girls. Obesity is a risk factor for precocious puberty in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, and 6-<10 years of age is a high risk period for early development in obese girls.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Puberty ; Puberty, Precocious ; Sexual Development