AIM To study the chemical constituents from the sticks and leaves of Croton cascarilloides Raeusch.and their biological activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extract from the sticks and leaves of C.cascarilloides was isolated and purified by MCI,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.LPS-induced NO RAW264.7 cell model induced by LPS was used to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.GES-1 injury model induced by taurocholic acid was used to screen the gastric mucosal protection activity.RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as bullatantriol(1),(-)-boscialin(2),(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(3),3-(hydroxylacetyl)-indole(4),pinoresinol(5),3,7-dimethyl-octa-1,7-diene-3,6-ol(6),(+)-syringaresinol(7),curcasinlignan B(8),cleomiscosin C(9),cleomiscosinD(10),2,6-dimethyl-octa-1,7-dien-3,6-diol(11),vanillin(12),vanillic acid(13),methyl vanillate(14).Compound 4 had certain anti-inflammatory activity,with IC50 values of 73.62 μmol/L.The protective rates of 25 μmol/L compounds 1-4,6,9-12 and 14 on gastric mucosal epithelial cells were 30.07％,34.18％,23.91％,30.92％,17.51％,19.69％,31.76％,22.46％,30.56％and 14.49％,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-14 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compound 4 shows anti-inflammatory activity,1-4,6,9-12 and 14 show different degrees of gastric mucosal epithelial cell protective activity.

Objective To systematically identify the scenario elements of unconventional hospital infection outbreaks and provide a theoretical framework for preventing and resolving unconventional hospital infection outbreaks.Methods The literature related to unconventional hospital infection outbreaks was searched,and the text was preprocessed by Chinese word segmentation technology,and the element categories were condensed layer by layer based on the three-level coding of grounded theory.Results A total of 122 initial concepts,52 initial categories,13 sub-categories and 4 main categories were extracted disaster causing factors,disaster bearers,disaster environment,and emergency activities,and the action types:disaster factors driving the causal chain,disaster bearers bearing the mediating conduction,disaster environment exerting moderating effects,and emergency activities had two-way feedback.Conclusion The four-dimensional scenario factor action type model constructed breaks through the traditional one-way causal framework and provides a qualitative theoretical framework for factor association for the prevention and control of hospital infection outbreaks.

Objective To systematically identify the scenario elements of unconventional hospital infection outbreaks and provide a theoretical framework for preventing and resolving unconventional hospital infection outbreaks.Methods The literature related to unconventional hospital infection outbreaks was searched,and the text was preprocessed by Chinese word segmentation technology,and the element categories were condensed layer by layer based on the three-level coding of grounded theory.Results A total of 122 initial concepts,52 initial categories,13 sub-categories and 4 main categories were extracted disaster causing factors,disaster bearers,disaster environment,and emergency activities,and the action types:disaster factors driving the causal chain,disaster bearers bearing the mediating conduction,disaster environment exerting moderating effects,and emergency activities had two-way feedback.Conclusion The four-dimensional scenario factor action type model constructed breaks through the traditional one-way causal framework and provides a qualitative theoretical framework for factor association for the prevention and control of hospital infection outbreaks.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the sticks and leaves of Croton cascarilloides Raeusch.and their biological activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extract from the sticks and leaves of C.cascarilloides was isolated and purified by MCI,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.LPS-induced NO RAW264.7 cell model induced by LPS was used to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.GES-1 injury model induced by taurocholic acid was used to screen the gastric mucosal protection activity.RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as bullatantriol(1),(-)-boscialin(2),(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(3),3-(hydroxylacetyl)-indole(4),pinoresinol(5),3,7-dimethyl-octa-1,7-diene-3,6-ol(6),(+)-syringaresinol(7),curcasinlignan B(8),cleomiscosin C(9),cleomiscosinD(10),2,6-dimethyl-octa-1,7-dien-3,6-diol(11),vanillin(12),vanillic acid(13),methyl vanillate(14).Compound 4 had certain anti-inflammatory activity,with IC50 values of 73.62 μmol/L.The protective rates of 25 μmol/L compounds 1-4,6,9-12 and 14 on gastric mucosal epithelial cells were 30.07％,34.18％,23.91％,30.92％,17.51％,19.69％,31.76％,22.46％,30.56％and 14.49％,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-14 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compound 4 shows anti-inflammatory activity,1-4,6,9-12 and 14 show different degrees of gastric mucosal epithelial cell protective activity.

Objective To investigate the effect of rapid ultrasonic tissue processing on breast biopsy tissue.Methods Totally 100 breast puncture samples from the Department of Pathology at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University in 2023 were randomly selected and dehydrated using rapid ultrasound tissue processing technology(the rapid group).Paired surgical samples(0.3 cm×0.3 cm×0.3 cm)that did not undergo neoadjuvant therapy before surgery were collected and subjected to routine pathological tissue treat-ment(the conventional group).The two groups of samples were subjected to routine sectioning after dehydration.The dehydration time,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining effect,and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)results of the two groups were compared.Next,the estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)immunohistochemical(IHC)detection results of the two groups were compared using the kappa test with paired counting data.Results Dehydration time in the rapid group(46.70±1.42 min)was significantly shorter than that in the conventional group(659.25±6.03 min,t=987.44,P<0.001).No significant differences were observed between the HE staining scores of the rapid group(10.13±1.12)and that of the conventional group(10.15±0.97).The consistency rate of ER expression between the two groups was 92.5%(Kappa=0.794,P<0.05),that of PR expres-sion between the two groups was 76.25%(Kappa=0.639,P<0.05),and that of HER2 expression between the two groups was 72.5%(Kappa=0.610,P<0.05).The FISH results were consistent between the two groups.Conclusion Rapid ultrasonic tissue treatment has the advantages of a short procedure time,less pollution,and simple operation.The present study showed no statistically significant differences between the effect of rapid tissue treatment on tissue sections and that of routine dehydration.Therefore,this method can be widely used in pathology for the analysis of small samples.

Objective To observe clinical efficacy and safety of adalimumab(ADA)injection combined with methotrexate(MTX)tablets in the treatment of patients rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and its influences on bone metabolism.Methods According to cohort method,the RA patients were divided into treatment group and control group.The control group was treated with oral MTX tablets(10 mg/once,once/week),while treatment group was given subcutaneous injection of ADA ejection(40 mg/once,once/2 weeks)on basis of control group.Both groups were treated for 24 weeks.The clinical curative effect,symptoms improvement,joint function and serum bone metabolism indexes[bone alkaline phosphatase(B-ALP),bone glaprotein(BGP),carboxyterminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen(PICP)]in the two groups were compared,and safety was evaluated.Results There were 37 cases in control group and 43 cases in treatment group.After treatment,total response rates of treatment group and control group were 93.02％(40 cases/43 cases)and 75.68％(28 cases/37 cases),the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,morning stiffness time in treatment group and control group were(29.27±7.05)and(48.63±12.25)min,the number of joint swelling were 2.64±0.66 and 4.04±1.09,number of joint tenderness were 4.51±1.12 and 6.23±2.07,levels of serum B-ALP were(20.76±2.82)and(26.41±3.05)U·L-1;levels of serum BGP were(27.45±3.41)and(23.86±3.17)ng·mL-1;levels of serum PICP were(47.39±5.63)and(41.68±5.24)ng·mL-1,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were mainly on headache,pruritus at the injection site,diarrhea and nausea,while which in control group were mainly on diarrhea,anorexia and nausea.The difference in incidence of adverse reactions between treatment group and control group was not statistically significant(11.63％vs 8.11％,P＞0.05).Conclusion Clinical curative effect of ADA injection combined with MTX tablets is significant in RA patients,which can significantly relieve clinical symptoms,promote recovery of joint function,reduce levels of serum rheumatoid factor,relieve inflammatory response and improve bone metabolism.

The mucous barrier is a major physiological obstacle that the mucosal drug delivery system needs to deal with. In response to this physiological barrier, many achievements have been made in research of mucosal adhesion and mucus penetration. This review puts emphasis on the progress of the research on new mucosal adhesion strategies such as cationization, sulfhydrylization, maleimide functionalization, lectinization and catechol conjugation; polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly (2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) (POZ), zwitterionic polymers and other mucus-inert materials, strategies to enhance mucus penetration ability such as enzyme functionalization, reducing agent pretreatment and so on. The problems of each strategy are also analyzed and discussed, which can provide some references for clinical transformation.

The water-soluble polypeptide drug oxytocin was encapsulated in liposomes by reverse-phase evaporation vesicle method to obtain oxytocin loaded liposomes (OT@LPs) which was further modified with cationic cell penetrating peptide—arginine octamer (R8) to get R8 modified oxytocin loaded liposomes (OT@LPs-R8) which showed enhanced mucoadhesive. The brain targeting efficiency was evaluated preliminarily after nasal administration. OT@LPs-R8 showed a round shape with a particle size distribution of 110.2 ± 7.3 nm, a surface potential as high as +18 mV, a drug loading (62.17 ± 1.88) %, an encapsulation rate (5.85 ± 0.72) %, and stood stable in nasal mucus. After nasal administration, it could significantly prolong the retention and enhance the distribution in the brain with no irritation to the nasal mucosa. The animal experiment in line with the regulations of the Department of Laboratory Animal Science of Fudan University on the ethics of animal experiments had been carried out after passing the review of the Animal Ethics Committee of Fudan University. The results showed nasal administration of OT@LPs-R8 could promote oxytocin directly into the brain from the nose which expected to become a new carrier for delivery of oxytocin to the brain.

OBJECTIVES: To establish a carbofuran intragastric administration death model in rabbits, and to observe the postmortem distribution and postmortem redistribution of carbofuran-7-phenyl glucuronic acid (Glu-7PH) in rabbits. METHODS: The postmortem distribution: Rabbits were given an administration of 1/2LD50, LD50, 2LD50 carbofuran. Dead rabbits were dissected immediately. Rabbits that had remained alive 2 hours were sacrificed by carbon dioxide (CO₂) inhalation and dissected immediately. The myocardium, cardiac blood, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain and right hindlimb muscle were collected. The postmortem redistribution: After giving an administration of 4LD50 carbofuran, the myocardium, cardiac blood, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, and right hindlimb muscle were collected at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postmortem in supine position at 15 ℃ room temperature. The quantity of Glu-7PH was determined by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: The postmortem distribution: Among the three dose groups, there were significant differences in the quantities of Glu-7PH in different tissues. The postmortem redistribution: There was no significant difference in the Glu-7PH quantities in cardiac blood, mycardium, spleen, kidney, brain and right hindlimb muscle, but there was a significant difference in the Glu-7PH quantities in the liver and lung. CONCLUSIONS The mycardium, cardiac blood, liver, lung, kidney, brain and hindlimb muscle of rabbits can be used as appropriate samples for Glu-7PH detection. However, it should be noted that Glu-7PH was redistributed postmortem in rabbit liver and lung.
Animals ; Rabbits ; Carbofuran ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Postmortem Changes ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Autopsy

Xiaoshuan Tongluo formula is effective in treating mental retardation and speech astringency caused by cerebral thrombosis, but its mechanism remains unclear. In this investigation, by collecting the chemical constituents from Xiaoshuan Tongluo formula and the targets related to stroke, we obtained 1 251 constituents from the formula and 10 drug targets related with stroke. We established 18 prediction models of compound-target interaction for 10 stroke-related targets, using molecular docking method and machine learning methods includes Naive Bayesian and recursive partitioning based on the input of molecular fingerprints and molecular descriptors. Using these models, we predicted the active chemical constituents from Xiaoshuan Tongluo formula and their drug targets, 153 potential active constituents were discovered, 22 among them could interact with at least two drug targets related with stroke. On this basis, the chemical constituent-target network was constructed using network construction software, and then the important metabolic pathways of the targets were identified by using Gene-Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, such as blood coagulation, positive regulation of angiogenesis, positive regulation of ion transport and so on. On this basis, a target-pathway network was constructed. In conclusion, using machine learning, molecular docking, virtual screening, data mining and network construction, this study explored and partially revealed the active chemical constituents and chemical constituent-target-pathway network action mechanism of Xiaoshuan Tongluo formula against stroke, which will provide important information for its further study.