Objective:To explore the differentially expressed tRNA-derived RNA fragment(tRF)and tRNA halves(tiRNA)in plasma of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)rats,analyze the biological functions and related pathways of the tRF and tiRNAs target genes in order to identify new targets for diagnosis and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Rat model of RA was estab-lished by injecting typeⅡ collagen.Arthritis index(AI)score and HE staining were conducted to evaluate the successfully establishment model.Illumina platform was used to obtain the tRF and tiRNA expression profiles.RT-qPCR was performed to validate expressions of tRF and tiRNA.Combining miRanda and TargetScan databases,the target genes of differentially expressed tRF and tiRNA were ob-tained.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were used to annotate the functions of target genes.Results:A total of 25 tRFs and tiRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in plasma in rats after modeling,of which 23 were up-regulated and 2 were down-regulated.Besides,six specifically expressed tRFs and tiRNAs induced by CIA rats were screened,including Other-36:73-tRNA-Arg-CCT-4,Other-57:70-tRNA-Glu-CTC-1-M3,tRF-1:32-Gly-CCC-1-M2,tRF-1:31-Gly-CCC-1-M2,tRF-1:32-Pro-AGG-1-M4 and tRF-1:32-Glu-TTC-2-M2.GO analysis of target genes mainly involved organelle-associated items.What's more,KEGG analysis enriched multi-ple classical signal pathways associated with RA.Conclusion:Target genes of differentially expressed tRFs and tiRNAs in CIA rats may be involved in regulating important pathophysiological processes of RA and drug therapy targets.

Objective:To explore the differentially expressed tRNA-derived RNA fragment(tRF)and tRNA halves(tiRNA)in plasma of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)rats,analyze the biological functions and related pathways of the tRF and tiRNAs target genes in order to identify new targets for diagnosis and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Rat model of RA was estab-lished by injecting typeⅡ collagen.Arthritis index(AI)score and HE staining were conducted to evaluate the successfully establishment model.Illumina platform was used to obtain the tRF and tiRNA expression profiles.RT-qPCR was performed to validate expressions of tRF and tiRNA.Combining miRanda and TargetScan databases,the target genes of differentially expressed tRF and tiRNA were ob-tained.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were used to annotate the functions of target genes.Results:A total of 25 tRFs and tiRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in plasma in rats after modeling,of which 23 were up-regulated and 2 were down-regulated.Besides,six specifically expressed tRFs and tiRNAs induced by CIA rats were screened,including Other-36:73-tRNA-Arg-CCT-4,Other-57:70-tRNA-Glu-CTC-1-M3,tRF-1:32-Gly-CCC-1-M2,tRF-1:31-Gly-CCC-1-M2,tRF-1:32-Pro-AGG-1-M4 and tRF-1:32-Glu-TTC-2-M2.GO analysis of target genes mainly involved organelle-associated items.What's more,KEGG analysis enriched multi-ple classical signal pathways associated with RA.Conclusion:Target genes of differentially expressed tRFs and tiRNAs in CIA rats may be involved in regulating important pathophysiological processes of RA and drug therapy targets.

Objective:This study explores the diagnostic efficiency of a modified semi-structured clinical interview (MSCI) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) for bipolar disorder (BD) by comparing MSCI with a traditionally structured interview and a self-reported diagnostic scale.Methods:MSCI, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis Ⅰ Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-Ⅰ/P), and 32-item hypomania checklist (HCL-32) were simultaneously administered in 445 outpatients with major depressive disorder ( n=100) or BD ( n=345). All patients were followed up for at least half a year and at least three times to confirm the diagnosis based on the clinical data, follow-up evaluation, and treatment efficacy. The sensitivity and specificity of the three diagnostic strategies were compared using the chi-square test. Results:The sensitivity of MSCI was significantly higher than that of SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.67 vs. 0.32, χ 2=82.10, P<0.001) but was similar to that of HCL-32 (0.67 vs. 0.70, χ 2=2.22, P=0.136). MSCI presented significantly lower specificity than SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.96 vs.1.0, χ 2=4.08, P=0.043) but significantly higher specificity than HCL-32 (0.96 vs.0.67, χ 2=27.89, P<0.001). For the diagnosis of bipolar Ⅰ disorder, no significant difference was found between the sensitivity of MSCI (1.0) and SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.73) (χ 2=3.47, P=0.062) and between the sensitivity of MSCI and HCL-32 (0.73) (χ 2=3.47, P=0.062). For bipolar Ⅱ disorder, the sensitivity of MSCI (0.90) was significantly higher than that of SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.41) (χ 2=92.49, P<0.001) and that of HCL-32 (0.66) (χ 2=22.51, P<0.001). For BD with mixed features, the sensitivity of MSCI (0.37) was significantly higher than that of SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.19) (χ 2=10.85, P<0.001) but lower than that of HCL-32 (0.80) (χ 2=49.40, P<0.001). For other specified bipolar and related disorders, the sensitivity of MSCI (0.41) did not significantly differ from that of SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.18) (χ 2=2.73, P=0.100) but was significantly lower than that of HCL-32 (0.70) (χ 2=4.53, P=0.033). Conclusion:Compared to SCID-Ⅰ/P and HCL-32, MSCI has better diagnostic efficiency for BD.

Objective:This study explores the diagnostic efficiency of a modified semi-structured clinical interview (MSCI) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) for bipolar disorder (BD) by comparing MSCI with a traditionally structured interview and a self-reported diagnostic scale.Methods:MSCI, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis Ⅰ Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-Ⅰ/P), and 32-item hypomania checklist (HCL-32) were simultaneously administered in 445 outpatients with major depressive disorder ( n=100) or BD ( n=345). All patients were followed up for at least half a year and at least three times to confirm the diagnosis based on the clinical data, follow-up evaluation, and treatment efficacy. The sensitivity and specificity of the three diagnostic strategies were compared using the chi-square test. Results:The sensitivity of MSCI was significantly higher than that of SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.67 vs. 0.32, χ 2=82.10, P<0.001) but was similar to that of HCL-32 (0.67 vs. 0.70, χ 2=2.22, P=0.136). MSCI presented significantly lower specificity than SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.96 vs.1.0, χ 2=4.08, P=0.043) but significantly higher specificity than HCL-32 (0.96 vs.0.67, χ 2=27.89, P<0.001). For the diagnosis of bipolar Ⅰ disorder, no significant difference was found between the sensitivity of MSCI (1.0) and SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.73) (χ 2=3.47, P=0.062) and between the sensitivity of MSCI and HCL-32 (0.73) (χ 2=3.47, P=0.062). For bipolar Ⅱ disorder, the sensitivity of MSCI (0.90) was significantly higher than that of SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.41) (χ 2=92.49, P<0.001) and that of HCL-32 (0.66) (χ 2=22.51, P<0.001). For BD with mixed features, the sensitivity of MSCI (0.37) was significantly higher than that of SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.19) (χ 2=10.85, P<0.001) but lower than that of HCL-32 (0.80) (χ 2=49.40, P<0.001). For other specified bipolar and related disorders, the sensitivity of MSCI (0.41) did not significantly differ from that of SCID-Ⅰ/P (0.18) (χ 2=2.73, P=0.100) but was significantly lower than that of HCL-32 (0.70) (χ 2=4.53, P=0.033). Conclusion:Compared to SCID-Ⅰ/P and HCL-32, MSCI has better diagnostic efficiency for BD.

Objective:To investigate the effect of somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) on bone metabolism in patients with acromegaly.Methods:Retrospective analysis of clinical data of acromegaly patients( n=100) received surgery or SRLs alone for 3 months. The changes of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), osteocalcin (OC), N-mid fragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), amino-terminal peptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) and C-terminal peptide degradation product of type I collagen(CTX) were compared before and after treatment. Patients were divided into drug treatment group and surgical group according to treatment methods. According to the decline of GH after medication, patients in the drug treatment group were further divided into drug sensitive group and drug insensitive group. Results:The average dynamic GH and IGF-1 indexes in the drug treatment group were significantly decreased after treatment compared with before treatment (both P<0.05), and CTX was also significantly decreased after treatment [1.25 (0.67, 1.40) ng/mL vs 1.34 (0.57, 1.68) ng/mL, P<0.05]. The mean dynamic GH, IGF-1 index, OC, N-MID, P1NP, and CTX in surgical group were significantly decreased after treatment compared with before treatment (all P<0.01). In the surgical group, there was a positive correlation between GH difference (ΔGH) and N-mid difference (ΔN-MID; r=0.454, P=0.026), and there was a positive correlation between IGF-1 index difference (ΔIGF-1 index) and CTX difference (ΔCTX; r=0.339, P=0.036). After treatment, the mean dynamic GH, IGF-1 index, CTX, P1NP, and N-MID in drug treatment group were significantly higher than those in surgical group (all P<0.001). CTX and N-MID decreased significantly after treatment in drug sensitive group compared with drug insensitive group (35.3% vs 7.2%, P<0.001; 24.1% vs 11.8%, P<0.05), and ΔGH was positively correlated with ΔCTX ( r=0.328, P=0.004). Conclusion:SRLs treatment can reduce bone formation marker N-MID and bone resorption marker CTX, improving the high turnover state of bone metabolism in patients with acromegaly, which may attribute to the reduction of GH and IGF-1 levels.

After decades of development,protein and peptide drugs have now grown into a major drug class in the marketplace.Target identification and validation are crucial for the discovery of protein and peptide drugs,and bioinformatics prediction of targets based on the characteristics of known target proteins will help improve the efficiency and success rate of target selection.However,owing to the developmental history in the pharmaceutical industry,previous systematic exploration of the target spaces has mainly focused on traditional small-molecule drugs,while studies related to protein and peptide drugs are lacking.Here,we systematically explore the target spaces in the human genome specifically for protein and peptide drugs.Compared with other proteins,both suc-cessful protein and peptide drug targets have many special characteristics,and are also significantly different from those of small-molecule drugs in many aspects.Based on these features,we develop separate effective genome-wide target prediction models for protein and peptide drugs.Finally,a user-friendly web server,Predictor Of Protein and Peptide drugs'therapeutic Targets(POPPIT)(http://poppit.ncpsb.org.cn/),is established,which provides not only target prediction specifically for protein and peptide drugs but also abundant annotations for predicted targets.

OBJECTIVE:To compare Paliperidone sustained-release tablet and Paliperidone palmitate injection in the treatment of schizophrenia in respects of medium-term and long-term efficacy,safety,insight,medication compliance and social function of patients,so ad to provide reference for drug selection in the clinic.METHODS:Eighty-four schizophrenia patients selected from our center during Mar.2015-Jun.2016 were divided into Paliperidone sustained-release tablet group (group H,44 cases) and Paliperidone palmitate injection group (group Z,40 cases).Group H was given Paliperidone sustained-release tablet orally with initial dose of 3 mg/d,gradually increasing to 9 mg/d 2 weeks later according to disease condition;the drug dose was adjusted and ranged 3-12 mg/d according to disease condition.Group Z was given Paliperidone palmitate injection intramuscularly,150 mg on 1st day,100 mg on 8th day,and then given injection once a month,drug dose was adjusted according to disease condition (75,100,150 mg).Treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 12 months.Before treatment,1,2,3,6,9,12 months after treatment,Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate therapeutic efficacy;Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SAUMD) was used to evaluate the cognition of patients to disease;Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) was used to evaluate medication compliance;Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) was used to evaluate patient's social function.The occurrence of ADR was observed during treatment.RESULTS:3,2 patients withdrew from group H,Z during treatment.Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in PANSS,SAUMD,MARS,PSP scores between 2 groups (P＞0.05).1,2,3,6,9,12 months after treatment,PANSS and SAUMD scores of 2 groups were decreased significantly,while MARS and PSP scores were increased significantly,compared to before treatment,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).9,12 months after treatment,PANSS and SAUMD scores of group Z were decreased significantly,while MARS and PSP scores were increased significantly,compared to group H,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in the occurrence of ADR between 2 groups (P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:For schizophrenia,Paliperidone palmitate injection is better than Paliperi done sustained-release tablet in respects of medium-term and long-term efficacy,patient's insight,medication compliance,social function recovery;the longer the time,the more prominent the superiority.There is no significant difference in safety between them.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate effects of miR-34a on the proliferation,invasion and migration of colon cancer SW480 cell and its possible mechanism.Methods miR-34a overexpressed lentivirus and empty virus vector were transfected into SW480 cells and untreated cells were used as blank control group.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-34a in each group.The cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay.The cell migration and invasion ability were detected by wound healing and transwell assays.The expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin protein was detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with the empty virus vector group and the blank control group,the expression of miR-34a was increased in the transfected cells,and the cell proliferation efficiency,invasion and migration ability were decreased in the transfected cells (P ＜ 0.05).miR-34a significantly increased the expression of E-cadherin protein and decreased Vimentin protein expression in the transfected cells.Conclusion miR-34a can inhibit the proliferation,invasion and migration of colon cancer SW480 cells,and affect the expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin.MR-34a is expected to be a potential molecular target for the metastasis and recurrence of colorectal cancer.

Whether in the world or China,lung cancer is a malignant tumor which is harmful to human health.There were studies showed that lung cancer is tightly related to the environment factors and life style.The epidemiology study found that eating more fruits and vegetables can prevent lung cancer.Vegetables and fruits are rich in phytochemicals such as isothiocyanates,indoles,flavonoids and so on.These phytochemicals reduce the risk of lung cancer by modulating antitumorrelated pathways such as inhibition of cell proliferation,induction of apoptosis,and the like.The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanisms of phytochemicals in vegetables and fruits in the pathogenesis and progression of lung cancer,so as to provide theoretical basis and direction for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.

Objective:To compare the amino acid sequences difference of HA,NA novel influenza virus A/H7N9 isolates, decipher possible B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes of HA,NA protein,and analyze the association between susceptibility and HLA polymorphisms.Methods:The amino acid sequences of novel influenza A ( H7N9) virus were downloaded from Genbank.Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the amino acid sequences of HA and NA by using software Clustal X and MEGA 4.0.B cell and T cell epitopes were respectively predicted with Protean software and NetMHCⅡ2.2 Server online server.Results:The homology of HA and NA proteins of H7N9 virus was high.10 B cell epitopes and 15 T cell epitopes were randomly distributed throughout HA sequence and 12 B cell epitopes and 9 T cell epitopes were randomly distributed throughout NA sequence.HLA-DRB1*0701 allele which was commonly observed in Northern Chinese population have a high binding affinity for 9-mer peptides of HA and NA proteins.Conclusion:The prediction of B and T cell epitopes of HA and NA proteins with multiple methods benefits the research and development of vaccine against human infection with avian influenza A H7N9 virus.HLA-DRB1*0701 allele may contribute to susceptibility to novel influenza A (H7N9) virus.H7N9 influenza virus is more easily spread in Urumqi,Harbin,Shandong Province,Liaoning Province,Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Tianjin of China.