Objective:To evaluate the current situation of the protective effect of hearing protection device (HPD) worn by manufacturing workers and discuss their possible influencing factors.Methods:A total of 3634 noisy workers were surveyed and tested. The study conducted surveys of workers on the use of HPD. The 3M TM E-A-R Fit TM binaural verification system was used to measure the personal attenuation device (PAR) of workers wearing HPD. Results:The M ( Q1, Q3) of baseline PAR obtained by 3634 workers was 12 (2, 19) dB. There was a statistically significant difference in baseline PAR among the three types of HPDs ( H=336.39, P<0.01) . After pairwise comparison, it was found that the baseline PAR of workers wearing foam earplugs and earmuffs was higher than that of pre-molded earplugs ( P<0.01) . There were differences in baseline PAR among workers in different industries ( Z=359.73, P<0.01) . Education level, age of using HPD, types of HPDs, noise exposure intensity, with or without knowledge of correct methods, and comfort evaluation were the main factors affecting baseline PAR ( P<0.05) . There were 1536 workers (43.4%) failed the baseline PAR test. After the intervention, the median PAR increased significantly from 1 (0, 6) dB (baseline) to 18 (14, 22) dB (after the intervention) ( P<0.01) . The follow-up test found that the follow-up PAR of 328 workers was higher than the baseline PAR of the initial test, and the follow-up PAR was higher than the post-intervention PAR of the initial test ( P<0.01) . Conclusion:Under the conditions of this study, the protective effect of HPD was affected by factors such as incorrect understanding of wearing methods, exposure to high-intensity noise, low education level, a short period of time of HPD use and low comfort of hearing protectors. The protective effect could be improved through training, optimizing the wearing of hearing protector models, and follow-up interventions. Enterprises should use suitability verification to ensure the correct selection and wearing of noisy workers.

Objective:To evaluate the current situation of the protective effect of hearing protection device (HPD) worn by manufacturing workers and discuss their possible influencing factors.Methods:A total of 3634 noisy workers were surveyed and tested. The study conducted surveys of workers on the use of HPD. The 3M TM E-A-R Fit TM binaural verification system was used to measure the personal attenuation device (PAR) of workers wearing HPD. Results:The M ( Q1, Q3) of baseline PAR obtained by 3634 workers was 12 (2, 19) dB. There was a statistically significant difference in baseline PAR among the three types of HPDs ( H=336.39, P<0.01) . After pairwise comparison, it was found that the baseline PAR of workers wearing foam earplugs and earmuffs was higher than that of pre-molded earplugs ( P<0.01) . There were differences in baseline PAR among workers in different industries ( Z=359.73, P<0.01) . Education level, age of using HPD, types of HPDs, noise exposure intensity, with or without knowledge of correct methods, and comfort evaluation were the main factors affecting baseline PAR ( P<0.05) . There were 1536 workers (43.4%) failed the baseline PAR test. After the intervention, the median PAR increased significantly from 1 (0, 6) dB (baseline) to 18 (14, 22) dB (after the intervention) ( P<0.01) . The follow-up test found that the follow-up PAR of 328 workers was higher than the baseline PAR of the initial test, and the follow-up PAR was higher than the post-intervention PAR of the initial test ( P<0.01) . Conclusion:Under the conditions of this study, the protective effect of HPD was affected by factors such as incorrect understanding of wearing methods, exposure to high-intensity noise, low education level, a short period of time of HPD use and low comfort of hearing protectors. The protective effect could be improved through training, optimizing the wearing of hearing protector models, and follow-up interventions. Enterprises should use suitability verification to ensure the correct selection and wearing of noisy workers.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine(0.5,1.0,2.0 μg/kg)combined with ropivacaine ultrasound guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block(TPVB)in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia on the vital signs,stress response and other indexes,and to provide reference for the optimization of anesthesia regimen in the clinic.Methods A total of 99 cases of patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were selected,and the patients were divided into the low,medium,and high-dose groups of 33 cases each according to the method of randomized numerical table.At the end of anesthesia induction,dexmedetomidine 0.5,1.0,and 2.0 μg/kg compounded with 0.375%ropivacaine ultrasound-guided TPVB was administered to the low,medium,and high-dose groups,respectively,and all three groups were observed until 3 d postoperatively.Perioperative indicators,quality of awakening,degree of pain at 2,6,12,and 24 h postoperatively,vital signs before anesthesia(T1),at tracheal extubation(T2),and at 5 min of tracheal extu-bation(T3),and immune function,stress response,and adverse reactions during the observation time were com-pared between the groups.Results Compared with the low-dose group,remifentanil and propofol dosages were lower in the medium-and high-dose groups,and the number of postoperative self-controlled analgesia was lower(P＜0.05).Awakening,tracheal extubation,and recovery room stay were prolonged between the low,medium,and high dose groups(P＜0.05).Scores of visual analog scale(VAS)were progressively lower in the three groups at 2,6,12,and 24 h postoperatively(P＜0.05),and compared with the low-dose group,scores of VAS were lower in the medium and high-dose groups at 2,6,and 12 h postoperatively(P＜0.05).Compared with T1,heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP)were higher in all three groups at T2,T3,and HR,MAP at T2,T3 were higher between the low,medium,and high dose groups(P＜0.05);compared with T2,HR,MAP were lower in all three groups at T3(P＜0.05).Compared with the preoperative period,levels of whole blood CD8+,serum cortisol(Cor),C-reactive protein(CRP),norepinephrine(NE),and epinephrine(E)were increased in the three groups at 3 d postoperatively,and the above indexes were elevated between the low,medium,and high dosage groups at 3 d postoperatively(P＜0.05);levels of whole blood CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+were decreased in the three groups at 3 d postoperatively,and the above indexes were elevated between the low,medium,and high dosage groups at 3 d postoperatively(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the safety com-parison among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions 1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine ultrasound guided TPVB had certain advantages in reducing the degree of pain of general anesthesia thoracoscopic surgery patients,reducing the dosage of remifentanil and propofol and the number of postoperative self-controlled analgesia,while 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine ultrasound guided TPVB had certain advan-tages in improving patients'vital signs,reducing immunosuppression,stress reaction and promoting post-anesthesia awakening.Clinical anesthesia protocols could be rationally selected according to the actual situation of patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine(0.5,1.0,2.0 μg/kg)combined with ropivacaine ultrasound guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block(TPVB)in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia on the vital signs,stress response and other indexes,and to provide reference for the optimization of anesthesia regimen in the clinic.Methods A total of 99 cases of patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were selected,and the patients were divided into the low,medium,and high-dose groups of 33 cases each according to the method of randomized numerical table.At the end of anesthesia induction,dexmedetomidine 0.5,1.0,and 2.0 μg/kg compounded with 0.375%ropivacaine ultrasound-guided TPVB was administered to the low,medium,and high-dose groups,respectively,and all three groups were observed until 3 d postoperatively.Perioperative indicators,quality of awakening,degree of pain at 2,6,12,and 24 h postoperatively,vital signs before anesthesia(T1),at tracheal extubation(T2),and at 5 min of tracheal extu-bation(T3),and immune function,stress response,and adverse reactions during the observation time were com-pared between the groups.Results Compared with the low-dose group,remifentanil and propofol dosages were lower in the medium-and high-dose groups,and the number of postoperative self-controlled analgesia was lower(P＜0.05).Awakening,tracheal extubation,and recovery room stay were prolonged between the low,medium,and high dose groups(P＜0.05).Scores of visual analog scale(VAS)were progressively lower in the three groups at 2,6,12,and 24 h postoperatively(P＜0.05),and compared with the low-dose group,scores of VAS were lower in the medium and high-dose groups at 2,6,and 12 h postoperatively(P＜0.05).Compared with T1,heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP)were higher in all three groups at T2,T3,and HR,MAP at T2,T3 were higher between the low,medium,and high dose groups(P＜0.05);compared with T2,HR,MAP were lower in all three groups at T3(P＜0.05).Compared with the preoperative period,levels of whole blood CD8+,serum cortisol(Cor),C-reactive protein(CRP),norepinephrine(NE),and epinephrine(E)were increased in the three groups at 3 d postoperatively,and the above indexes were elevated between the low,medium,and high dosage groups at 3 d postoperatively(P＜0.05);levels of whole blood CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+were decreased in the three groups at 3 d postoperatively,and the above indexes were elevated between the low,medium,and high dosage groups at 3 d postoperatively(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the safety com-parison among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions 1.0 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine ultrasound guided TPVB had certain advantages in reducing the degree of pain of general anesthesia thoracoscopic surgery patients,reducing the dosage of remifentanil and propofol and the number of postoperative self-controlled analgesia,while 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine ultrasound guided TPVB had certain advan-tages in improving patients'vital signs,reducing immunosuppression,stress reaction and promoting post-anesthesia awakening.Clinical anesthesia protocols could be rationally selected according to the actual situation of patients.

Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a very common disease in the male genitourinary system. It can result in male infertility mainly by affecting the motility or the function of spermatozoa and the physical and chemical nature of semen. At present, researches on the mechanism of male infertility resulting from CP mainly focus on ROS, immunological mechanism, lack of zinc and pathogenetic microorganism. This article briefly reviews the progress in these aspects.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; Antibody Formation ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Infertility, Male ; etiology ; Male ; Prostatitis ; complications ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Zinc ; physiology