The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) control natural killer (NK) cells development and cytotoxic functions, however, whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in this pathway remains unknown. We found that miR155HG was elevated in activated NK cells and promoted their proliferation and effector functions in both NK92 and induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived NK (iPSC-NK) cells, without reliance on its derived miR-155 and micropeptide P155. Mechanistically, miR155HG bound to miR-6756 and relieved its repression of JAK3 expression, thereby promoting the JAK-STAT pathway and enhancing NK cell proliferation and function. Further investigations disclosed that upon cytokine stimulation, STAT3 directly interacts with miR155HG promoter and induces miR155HG transcription. Collectively, we identify a miR155HG-mediated positive feedback loop of the JAK-STAT signaling. Our study will also provide a power target regarding miR155HG for improving NK cell generation and effector function in the field of NK cell adoptive transfer therapy against cancer, especially iPSC-derived NK cells.

Coculture between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes has significant implications in cartilage regeneration. However, a conclusive understanding remains elusive. Previously, we reported that rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs (rbBMSCs) could downregulate the differentiated phenotype of rabbit articular chondrocytes (rbACs) in a non-contact coculture system for the first time. In the present study, a systemic investigation was performed to understand the biological characteristics of chondrocytes in coculture with MSCs. Firstly, cells (MSCs and chondrocytes) from different origins were cocultured in transwell system. Different chondrocytes, when cocultured with different MSCs respectively, consistently demonstrated stimulated proliferation, transformed morphology and declined glycosaminoglycan secretion of chondrocytes. Next, cell surface molecules and the global gene expression of rbACs were characterized. It was found that cocultured rbACs showed a distinct surface molecule profile and global gene expression compared to both dedifferentiated rbACs and rbBMSCs. In the end, cocultured rbACs were passaged and induced to undergo the chondrogenic redifferentiation. Better growth and chondrogenesis ability were confirmed compared with control cells without coculture. Together, chondrocytes display comprehensive changes in coculture with MSCs and the cocultured rbACs are beneficial for cartilage repair.
Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Chondrogenesis ; Coculture Techniques ; Gene Expression ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Phenotype ; Population Characteristics ; Regeneration

BACKGROUND: Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used in the basic research on cell biology because of its good biocompatibility and ability to be processed at the micro/nano level. However, cell culture on PDMS has been generally compromised by its strong hydrophobicity.OBJECTIVE: To perform a comparative investigation on the influences of different surface modifications as well as stiffness of PDMS on cellular behaviors.METHODS: PDMS films with varying stiffnesses were subjected to various surface modifications, including serum incubation, type I collagen deposition and air plasma treatment. Bovine articular chondrocytes were seeded on PDMS films and cell adhesion, proliferation and matrix production were characterized using F-actin staining, cell counting kit-8,microscopic examination, Sirius red/Safranin-O staining and quantitative determination of glycosaminoglycans,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serum incubation, type I collagen deposition and air plasma treatment were all found to promote adhesion and proliferation of bovine articular chondrocytes from the results of F-actin staining and cell prolifereration curve, with air plasma treatment the best. Total amount of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) secretion was only increased by air plasma treatment and GAG/DNA was decreased by all modifications. Stiffness also played roles in cell adhesion, proliferation and GAG production, which was found to be dependent on surface modifications. This study would provide guidance for applying PDMS in cell culture.

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and drug resistance of multidrug-resistant (MDR)Pseudomonas aeruginosa to provide reference for clinical rational use of antibacterial drugs.Methods The strains were originated from bacterial culture in the samples of sputum,urine and wound secretion collected from the inpatients admitted in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2013.Results 200 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated during this period,in which 51 strains were MDR,accounting for 25.5%.The isolated MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were mainly distributed in the the respiratory de-partment(80.4%)and the surgical department(17.9%).MDR strains isolated from the sputum specimens accounted for 64.7%, followed by the wound secretion(19.6%)and urine(11.8%).Pseudomonas aeruginosa was seriously resistant to ampicillin-sulbac-tam with the resistance rate of was 100.0%,but had the low resistance rate to amikacin,imipenem,meropenem,piperacillin/tazobactam,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,polymyxin E,which were 28.9%,29.4%,25.0%,30.4%,34.5%,34.5% and 8.3%;the resistance rate to commonly used antibacterial drugs was 39.0%-58.3%.14 strains were pan-drug resistant Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa(PDR-PA);The detection rate was 7.0%.Conclusion The drug resistance of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa is more serious, the clinical application of anibiotics should be perfromed based on the result of drug susceptibility test.

Objective To obtain the data of injury among children aged 0~6 years in Haidian area and Pinggu area of Beijing.Methods A total of 2970 children aged 0~6 years in Haidian District(city area) and 2558 in Pinggu District (rural area)were investigated by cluster sampling method.Results A total of 5528 children were investigated,the incidence of injury was 8.64%.The incidence rate of aged 0~6 years child injury in Haidian District was10.54%,which was much higher than that in Pinggu District (6.45%).The top five causes of injury were falls,animal bites,burn/scalds,injury by sharp articles and struck/hit by falling object in Pinggu District.The top five causes of injury were falls,animal bites,injury by sharp articles,burn/scalds and blunt in Haidian District.the sequences of injury were similar between the two districts.The incidence rate of burns/scalds was higher in Pinggu District than that in Haidian District.The types of injury were little different between children who lived at home and children who lived in kindergarten.The types of injury were not too different between genders.Falls was the leading cause of injury for all children(in cities or in countries,boys and girls,in different age group).Conclusion The incidence rates of injury and types of injury are different in different areas,genders and age groups.So the intervention of injury should be different.

Purpose:The efficacy of evaluation of changes of tumoral uptake of 3'-deoxy-3'-[~(18)F] fluorothymidine (FLT) was comparatively analyzed with that of ~(18)F-FDG at early stage after anticancer chemotherapy.Materials and Methods:Cells derived from human lung adenocarcinoma were incubated with cisplatin (CDDP),5-fluorouracil(5-FU),doxorubicin (Dox),for 1,4,24 and 72h.The doses(CD-DP: 67 μM; 5-FU 1,540 μM;MTX: 440 μM;) were determined corresponding to a estimated 10% - 95% proliferation inhibition.The cells were allowed to recover before FLT or FDG being added into the culture media for 60 min.Cell counts,viability,estimated by MTT method,were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy.Results: FLT uptake was increased significantly at 1 and 4 h after treatment with 5-FU( 145 ± 12%,150 ± 14%,P <0.01).decreased at 24 h and 72 h.In contrast,FLT accumulation was significantly reduced at cytostatic concentrations of CDDP at different time.The uptake of FDG did not change significantly at early time points after treatment,but decreased at 72 h.Conclusion: The tumor cell uptake of FLT revealed specific changes depending on the auti-cancer drug used at much earlier time than FDG after chemotherpay.

Objective To establish a method for determination of oleanolic acid in Cortex Aralia Elatae by HPLC.Methods The determination was carried out with Kromasil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m),using acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid(80∶20∶0.42) as the mobile phase and detected at the wavelength of 208 nm.Results Oleanolic acid showed a good linear relationship at the range of 1.164～5.820 ?g,r=0.999 9.The average recovery was 99.70% and RSD was 1.76%(n =5).Conclusion The method was simple and accurate with good reproducibility,and can be used to determine the content of oleanolic acid in Cortex Aralia Elatae.

Objective To optimize the conditions for the percolation extraction process of Panax notoginseng(Burk.) F.H.Chen.Methods Conditions for the percolation were studied by orthogonal experimental design as guided by the contents of total notoginseng saponin and total amino acids.Results The percolate rate,concentration and quantity of alcohol had significant effects on the process.Conclusion The optimum condition for the extraction of Panax notoginseng was adding 12 times amount of 50% alcohol and percolating at a rate of 1～3 mL/(min?kg).

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Sanqi Qiancao Recipe (SQR) in treating metrorrhagia caused by copper intrauterine device (IUD) in rabbits and to provide experimental evidence for preventing and treating this disease. METHODS: Fifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups, which were normal control group, sham-operation group, untreated group, indomethacin-treated group, low-dose SQR-treated group, medium-dose SQR-treated group and high-dose SQR-treated group. Copper IUD insertion was operated in rabbits of the last five groups. Rabbits in the last four groups were treated orally with indomethacin and low-, medium- and high-dose SQR respectively for a week. Rabbits in the untreated group, normal control group and sham-operation group were given distilled water orally. Hematocrit, blood viscosity at low, medium and high shear rate, plasma viscosity and blood sedimentation were examined after treatment. RESULTS: The hematocrit, blood viscosity at low, medium and high shear rate and plasma viscosity were higher in the untreated group than those in the normal control group with significant differences (P<0.01) while those indexes in low-, medium- and high-dose SQR-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the untreated group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: SQR can lead to a decrease in blood viscosity and improve the blood flow, which may be one of the mechanisms of SQR in treating metrorrhagia after copper IUD insertion.

Aim The aim of this work was to study the effect of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on human Leukemia cell line HL 60, and investgate the mechanisms of its antitumor effect. Methods HL 60 cells growth inhibition was measured by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was inspected by flow cytometry,TUNEL assay and acridine orange fluorescent staining methods. The protein levels of Bcl 2, Bax were determined using immunohistochemical technique. Results MTT assay showed that DADS significantly inhibited the growth of HL 60 cells. After 24 hours of exposure to DADS, Partial cells presented characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis under the electron microscope, including cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Some typical subdiploid peaks before G 0/G 1 phase were observed. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the apoptosis rates were increased and the TUNEL assay showed the apoptosis index increased in occordance with increase of concentration of DADS. SP immunohistochemistry revealed that the Bax expression was increased while Bcl 2 expressed was decreased. Conclusion Diallyl disulfide could significantly induce apoptosis of human Leukemia cell HL 60, Apoptosis of tumor cells is closely associated with down regulation of the ratio of bcl 2/bax.