Glucosidases are an indispensable class of enzymes in the sugar metabolism of organisms. To investigate the biological functions and expression patterns of α-glucosidases (AGLUs) and β-glucosidases (BGLUs), we identified the two family members in the genome of melon (Cucumis melo). The number, location on chromosomes, gene structure, subcellular localization, conserved motifs, and phylogenetic relationship of the two family members were analyzed. Based on the cis-acting elements in the promoter region and protein interaction models, their functions were preliminarily predicted. Furthermore, the gene expression of the two family members was determined by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the melon genome contained five AGLU family members on five chromosomes, and all of the five members were located in the extracellular matrix, with the amino acid sequence lengths ranging from 899 aa to 1 060 aa. The melon genome carried 18 BGLU family members on 8 chromosomes, and all the members were located in the cell membrane or cytoplasm, with the amino acid lengths ranging from 151 aa to 576 aa. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of about 50% of the genes was down-regulated upon cold stress. CmAGLU5 and CmBGLU7 may be key members of the two families, respectively, in response to cold stress. The expression of all members of the two families was up-regulated under abscisic acid (ABA), high salt, and drought stress. In the AGLU family, CmAGLU3 was the key gene in response to ABA and high salt stress, while CmAGLU4 was the key gene in response to drought stress. In the BGLU family, CmBGLU18 was the key gene in response to ABA, while CmBGLU6 was the key gene in response to high salt and drought stress.
beta-Glucosidase/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Cucurbitaceae/enzymology* ; Multigene Family ; Cucumis melo/enzymology* ; Stress, Physiological

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the whole-process management scheme of daytime minimally invasive liver resection surgery based on the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The data of 55 patients who underwent minimally invasive daytime liver resection surgery under the ERAS concept at the Department of General Surgery,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2023 to August 2024. There were 22 males and 33 females;aged (48.2±15.1) years (range: 16 to 77 years). All patients were classified as Grade 2 according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification. Among them, 7 cases were complicated with liver cirrhosis and 10 cases had fatty liver. A multidisciplinary team was formed, consisting of surgeons, anesthesiologists, rehabilitation physicians, psychologists, pharmacists, acute pain management team, operating room nurses, day surgery ward nurses, and ERAS specialized nurses. After strict evaluation by surgeons and anesthesiologists, patients suitable for daytime liver resection surgery were implemented with the ERAS whole-process management plan for liver resection on the basis of routine nursing care.Results:Among the 55 patients, 50 were discharged smoothly within 48 hours, while 5 were transferred to specialized departments for further treatment due to not meeting the discharge criteria, with a smooth daytime discharge rate of 90.9%. Among the 50 patients, 30 underwent laparoscopic surgery and 20 underwent robotic-assisted surgery. The surgery time was (91.6±28.2)minutes(range:45 to 165 minutes), with the intraoperative blood loss of only (30.5±25.5)ml(range:5 to 100 ml). Pathological examination results showed that among the 50 patients, 13 cases had hepatocellular carcinoma, 21 cases had hepatic hemangioma, 4 cases had hepatic cyst, 8 cases had focal nodular hyperplasia, 1 case had low-grade dysplastic nodule, 1 case had hepatolithiasis, 1 case had lymphoma, and 1 case had vascular, fibrous and lymphoid tissue proliferation. There were 44.0% patients who were able to get out of bed on the day of surgery. The hospital stay was (1.8±0.4)days(range:1 to 2 days), and the hospitalization cost was (34 499±20 330)yuan(range:11 724 to 73 488 yuan). No complications requiring special treatment outside the conventional pathway were observed during the hospital stay and follow-up period. At the 2-week outpatient follow-up, no significant abnormalities were found in all patients, and the wound healing was good.Conclusions:The daytime liver resection surgery based on the ERAS whole-process management plan has shown good feasibility in clinical practice. It helps to simplify medical process, shorten hospital stay, and reduce medical costs.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of the whole-process management scheme of daytime minimally invasive liver resection surgery based on the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. The data of 55 patients who underwent minimally invasive daytime liver resection surgery under the ERAS concept at the Department of General Surgery,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2023 to August 2024. There were 22 males and 33 females;aged (48.2±15.1) years (range: 16 to 77 years). All patients were classified as Grade 2 according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification. Among them, 7 cases were complicated with liver cirrhosis and 10 cases had fatty liver. A multidisciplinary team was formed, consisting of surgeons, anesthesiologists, rehabilitation physicians, psychologists, pharmacists, acute pain management team, operating room nurses, day surgery ward nurses, and ERAS specialized nurses. After strict evaluation by surgeons and anesthesiologists, patients suitable for daytime liver resection surgery were implemented with the ERAS whole-process management plan for liver resection on the basis of routine nursing care.Results:Among the 55 patients, 50 were discharged smoothly within 48 hours, while 5 were transferred to specialized departments for further treatment due to not meeting the discharge criteria, with a smooth daytime discharge rate of 90.9%. Among the 50 patients, 30 underwent laparoscopic surgery and 20 underwent robotic-assisted surgery. The surgery time was (91.6±28.2)minutes(range:45 to 165 minutes), with the intraoperative blood loss of only (30.5±25.5)ml(range:5 to 100 ml). Pathological examination results showed that among the 50 patients, 13 cases had hepatocellular carcinoma, 21 cases had hepatic hemangioma, 4 cases had hepatic cyst, 8 cases had focal nodular hyperplasia, 1 case had low-grade dysplastic nodule, 1 case had hepatolithiasis, 1 case had lymphoma, and 1 case had vascular, fibrous and lymphoid tissue proliferation. There were 44.0% patients who were able to get out of bed on the day of surgery. The hospital stay was (1.8±0.4)days(range:1 to 2 days), and the hospitalization cost was (34 499±20 330)yuan(range:11 724 to 73 488 yuan). No complications requiring special treatment outside the conventional pathway were observed during the hospital stay and follow-up period. At the 2-week outpatient follow-up, no significant abnormalities were found in all patients, and the wound healing was good.Conclusions:The daytime liver resection surgery based on the ERAS whole-process management plan has shown good feasibility in clinical practice. It helps to simplify medical process, shorten hospital stay, and reduce medical costs.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Baicalein in the treatment of hyperuricemia.Methods The mouse model of hyperuricemia was established by yeast extract combined with potassium oxazinate.The effect and potential mechanism of Baicalein in the treatment of hyperuricemia were studied by biochemical indexes,pathological changes,non-target metabonomics and network pharmacology.Results Baicalein could reduce the contents of serum uric acid,creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,reduce the inflammatory injury of renal tissue,up-regulate the expression level of uric acid excretion protein and down-regulate the expression level of uric acid reabsorption protein.Nine disease-related targets such as BCL2,SIRT1 and XDH were screened by network pharmacology.Six key metabolic pathways including nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism,caffeine metabolism and purine metabolism were screened by metabonomics analysis.Conclusions Baicalein can treat hyperuricemia and reduce renal injury,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolic pathways of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide regulated by SIRT1 and quinolinate.

OBJECTIVE: To design and construct a graphene oxide (GO)/silver nitrate (Ag₃PO₄)/chitosan (CS) composite coating for rapidly killing bacteria and preventing postoperative infection in implant surgery. METHODS: GO/Ag₃PO₄ composites were prepared by ion exchange method, and CS and GO/Ag₃PO₄ composites were deposited on medical titanium (Ti) sheets successively. The morphology, physical image, photothermal and photocatalytic ability, antibacterial ability, and adhesion to the matrix of the materials were characterized. RESULTS: The GO/Ag₃PO₄ composites were successfully prepared by ion exchange method and the heterogeneous structure of GO/Ag₃PO₄ was proved by morphology phase test. The heterogeneous structure formed by Ag₃PO₄ and GO reduced the band gap from 1.79 eV to 1.39 eV which could be excited by 808 nm near-infrared light. The photothermal and photocatalytic experiments proved that the GO/Ag₃PO₄/CS coating had excellent photothermal and photodynamic properties. In vitro antibacterial experiments showed that the antibacterial rate of the GO/Ag₃PO₄/CS composite coating against Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.81% after 20 minutes irradiation with 808 nm near-infrared light. At the same time, the composite coating had excellent light stability, which could provide stable and sustained antibacterial effect. CONCLUSION GO/Ag₃PO₄/CS coating can be excited by 808 nm near infrared light to produce reactive oxygen species, which has excellent antibacterial activity under light.
Chitosan ; Silver Nitrate ; Titanium ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Coloring Agents

Gallbladder carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the biliary system characterized by poor specificity of early symptoms， a high degree of malignancy， and rapid progression， and it is difficult to make an early diagnosis. Gallstones and gallbladder polyps are considered the most common risk factors for gallbladder carcinoma. Ultrasound is the preferred examination， while CT， MRI， and PET also have their own advantages. There is a lack of radical treatment methods for gallbladder carcinoma， and surgical operation remains the preferred treatment method for gallbladder carcinoma； however， due to the rapid progression of this disease， most patients have lost the opportunity for surgery at the time of diagnosis. A combination of various treatment modalities， such as radiochemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy， has improved the prognosis of patients to a certain extent， but with an unsatisfactory long-term therapeutic effect. Therefore， it is of particular importance to give priority to prevention rather than treatment and emphasize early identification and treatment.

  Objective  To summarize the clinical and genetic features of children with autosomal dominant and recessive hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES).  Methods  HIES patients were studied at the dermatology department of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University were collected, from January 2013 to December 2021, diagnosed by both clinical manifestation and genetic assessment. The general data were summarized, the clinical and genetic characteristics were analyzed, and the similarities and differences between autosomal dominant HIES (AD-HIES) and autosomal recessive HIES (AR-HIES) were compared.  Results  A total of 7 children with HIES were studied, including 3 cases of AD-HIES and 4 cases of AR-HIES. There were 4 males and 3 females. All children had recurrent eczema-like lesions, recurrent skin and pulmonary infections, and elevated serum IgE and eosinophil levels. The differences between AD-HIES and AR-HIES mainly include: the main cutaneous infection in 3 children with AD-HIES were bacterial infections (such as abscess and impetigo), while in 4 children with AR-HIES, cutaneous infections were mostly severe viral infection (such as verruca vulgaris and molluscum contagiosum). There were pulmonary parenchymal changes (such as pneumatoceles, cyst and atelectasis) in 3 children with AD-HIES, whilst there were no similar changes in the lungs of 4 children with AR-HIES; 75% of children with AR-HIES had allergic diseases (including asthma and food allergy), while there were no reports of allergic diseases in children with AD-HIES. As for manifestations outside of immune system, AD-HIES was more likely to appear facial dysmorphism(such a broad nasal bridge and a high-arched palate). Furthermore, the incidence of tumor in AR-HIES was higher than that in AD-HIES. AD-HIES was mainly caused by the mutation of STAT3 gene, and AR-HIES was mainly caused by the mutation of DOCK8 gene. We reported two new mutation sites of DOCK8 gene c.1798-2A > T and c.874G > A in two cases, respectively.  Conclusions  For children with clinical manifestations of recurrent eczema-like lesions, repeated infection and significant increase in serum IgE levels, HIES should be suspected, and genetic screening should be carried out to make definite diagnosis and classification, to achieve better long-term management and improve prognosis.

Objective: To construct a hit-deficient mutant strain of S. mutans ATCC25175 and verify its cell cycle regulatory function. Method : Genomic DNA was extracted from S. mutans ATCC25175 strains, and then the upstream and downstream DNA fragments of the hit gene were cloned into the pFW5 vector (spectinomycin resistant) to construct recombinant plasmids using PCR amplification. Third, employed by natural genetic transformation in S. mutans ATCC25175 strains, the linearized recombinant plasmids were transformed into their genetic competence, induced by the synthesized competence-stimulating peptide (CSP), and then, homologous recombination was utilized to produce crossover and noncrossover products. Fourth, the hit-deficient mutant strains of S. mutans ATCC25175 were screened through the spectinomycin-resistance marker and identified by the electrophoresis of PCR products and PCR Sanger sequencing. Finally, its growth rate in vegetative BHI medium was also investigated. Results : The upstream (856 bp) and downstream (519 bp) DNA fragments of the hit gene from the genomic DNA materials of S. mutans ATCC25175 were cloned into two multiple cloning sites (MCS-I and MCS-II) of the pFW5 vector, respectively, and the recombinant plasmid pFW5_hit_Up_Down was constructed and identified by double-emzyme digestion and PCR Sanger sequencing. The linearized recombinant plasmids were transformed into their genetic competence, induced by the synthetic CSP, and then, homologous recombination was utilized to produce various products. The hit-deficient mutant strains of S. mutans ATCC25175 were screened through the spectinomycin resistance marker and identified by the electrophoresis of PCR products and Sanger sequencing. The growth rate of the hit-deficient mutant strains versus their parental S. mutans ATCC25175 strains was increased greatly (P<0.001). Conclusion The hit-deficient mutant strains of S. mutans ATCC25175, having heritable traits, were successfully constructed, and the encoding Hit protein is growth-phase regulated in the cell cycle.

Objective:To assess the potentials for lung donation among 128 donors (deceased citizens) in 2017 from Beijing.Methods:Gender, age, blood type, duration of ventilation, oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2), chest film and bronchoscopy were analyzed. Results:A total of 5135 deceased Chinese citizens were available for donation in 2017. The rate of donation per million population (PMP) was 3.71. And 463 donors from Beijing were recorded in 2017 and the rate of PMP was 21.05. In 2017, 299 lung transplantations were performed with an average rate of donor lung utility at 5.82%. Among 128 cases assessed for potential lung donors in Beijing, 72 were successfully procured with a percentage of lung utilization of 15.55%. There were 110 males (85.94%) and 18 females (14.06%) with an average age of (39.61±10.67) years. Mechanical ventilation duration was (7.59±2.93) days. The oxygenation rate (PaO 2/FiO 2) was (397.38±105.01) mmHg, (450±67.79) mmHg in procurement group and (338.89±116.15) mmHg in non-procurement group ( P=0.020). The median level of procalcitonin (PCT) was 0.195 ng/ml in procurement group versus 0.349 ng/ml in giving-up group ( P=0.042). Conclusions:Oxygenation rate and PCT level are the independent risk factors for reaching a procurement decision of donor lung. The actual PMP and lung procurement rate in Beijing were both higher than average domestic level (15.55% vs. 5.82%, P=0.000) because of excellent cooperation between Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) and lung transplantation centers. The evaluation of donor lungs and lung maintenance protocols from Beijing should be popularized nationwide.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of social isolation on the cognition and expression of 5-HT2C receptor(5-HT2CR) and adenosine deaminase that act on RNA 1(ADAR1) in BALB/c mice.MethodsThe healthy BALB/c mice were isolated for 2,4,and 8 weeks individually since postnatal 21 days respectively to set up isolation mice model,the same age mice without isolation were regarded as control group.The new object location and the new object recognition tests were used to measure the spatial and non-spatial cognitive function,and western blot was used to measure the protein expression of 5-HT2CR and ADAR1.ResultsThe new object location test showed that the spatial discrimination index (DI) of BALB/c mice isolated for 2 weeks was decreased significantly compared with the control group(control group was (0.075±0.340),isolation group was (-0.653±0.308),P<0.05),and no obvious difference was found for the group isolated for 4 and 8 weeks.The new object recognition test showed that the non-spatial DI of BALB/c mice isolated for 2 and 4 weeks were decreased significantly compared with the control group(control 2 weeks group was (0.088±0.210),isolation 2 weeks group was (-0.945±0.194),P<0.05;control 4 weeks group was (0.105±0.267),isolation 4 weeks group was (-0.506±0.215),P<0.05),and no obvious difference was found for the group isolated for 8 weeks.Compared with the control group the expression of 5-HT2CR and ADAR1 in the hippocampus were decreased significantly for the group isolated for 2 weeks.(5-HT2CR:control group was (1.025±0.144),isolation group was (0.891±0.026),P<0.05.ADAR1: control group was (0.839±0.120),isolation group was (0.629±0.094),P<0.05).ConclusionsTwo week social isolation results in the decrease of spatial and non-spatial cognitive function in BALB/c mice,in the meanwhile,social isolation stress results in the obvious decrease of 5-HT2C receptor and ADAR1 protein expression in the hippocampus of BALB/c mice.