Traditional manual testing of ventilator performance is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to errors in data recording, making it difficult to meet the current demands for testing efficiency in the development and manufacturing of ventilators. Therefore, in this study we designed an automated testing system for essential performance parameters of ventilators. The system mainly comprises a ventilator airflow analyzer, an automated switch module for simulated lungs, and a test control platform. Under the control of testing software, this system can perform automated tests of critical performance parameters of ventilators and generate a final test report. To validate the effectiveness of the designed system, tests were conducted on two different brands of ventilators under four different operating conditions, comparing tidal volume, oxygen concentration, and positive end expiratory pressure accuracy using both the automated testing system and traditional manual methods. Bland-Altman statistical analysis indicated good consistency between the accuracy of automated tests and manual tests for all respiratory parameters. In terms of testing efficiency, the automated testing system required approximately one-third of the time needed for manual testing. These results demonstrate that the designed automated testing system provides a novel approach and means for quality inspection and measurement calibration of ventilators, showing broad application prospects.
Ventilators, Mechanical/standards* ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Automation

Objective:To study the prevalence and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of Keshan disease in Qingyang City, Gansu Province, and provide scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies and optimizing resource allocation.Methods:The data of patients with Keshan disease from January 2022 to December 2024 were obtained from the Qingyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the population data were obtained from the Statistics Bureau of Qingyang City. Global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed using GeoDa 1.16.0 software to identify four spatial clustering areas: high-high, low-low, low-high, and high-low. Spatio-temporal aggregation analysis was conducted using SaTScan 10.1.3 software.Results:The prevalence rates of Keshan disease in Qingyang City from 2022 to 2024 were 7.11/100 000, 6.68/100 000, and 6.14/100 000, respectively. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the prevalence rates of Keshan disease in Qingyang City from 2022 to 2024 showed a positive spatial correlation (Moran′s I > 0, Z > 1.96, P < 0.05), with the highest spatial correlation in 2024 (Moran′s I = 0.46, Z = 8.02, P = 0.001). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that from 2022 to 2024, the number of townships (towns) exhibiting high-high clusters of Keshan disease in Qingyang City was 15, 11, and 11, respectively. These clusters were primarily concentrated in the southeastern townships (towns) of Qingyang City that boder the Ziwu Mountain. Low-low clusters were primarily concentrated in most townships (towns) of Zhenyuan County and Xifeng District of Qingyang City, as well as some townships (towns) in the northwest of Huachi County. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis showed that the high prevalence rate cluster was concentrated in 2022, covering 44 townships (towns) in 5 counties, mainly distributed in the southeast of Qingyang City. The low prevalence rate cluster was concentrated in 2024, covering 26 townships (towns) in 3 counties (districts), and distributed in the western of Qingyang City. Conclusion:There is a significant spatial clustering of Keshan disease in Qingyang City, and the high prevalence rate cluster is located in the southeast of Qingyang City, which is a key area for prevention and control of Keshan disease in the future.

Objective:To study the prevalence and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of Keshan disease in Qingyang City, Gansu Province, and provide scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies and optimizing resource allocation.Methods:The data of patients with Keshan disease from January 2022 to December 2024 were obtained from the Qingyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the population data were obtained from the Statistics Bureau of Qingyang City. Global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed using GeoDa 1.16.0 software to identify four spatial clustering areas: high-high, low-low, low-high, and high-low. Spatio-temporal aggregation analysis was conducted using SaTScan 10.1.3 software.Results:The prevalence rates of Keshan disease in Qingyang City from 2022 to 2024 were 7.11/100 000, 6.68/100 000, and 6.14/100 000, respectively. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the prevalence rates of Keshan disease in Qingyang City from 2022 to 2024 showed a positive spatial correlation (Moran′s I > 0, Z > 1.96, P < 0.05), with the highest spatial correlation in 2024 (Moran′s I = 0.46, Z = 8.02, P = 0.001). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that from 2022 to 2024, the number of townships (towns) exhibiting high-high clusters of Keshan disease in Qingyang City was 15, 11, and 11, respectively. These clusters were primarily concentrated in the southeastern townships (towns) of Qingyang City that boder the Ziwu Mountain. Low-low clusters were primarily concentrated in most townships (towns) of Zhenyuan County and Xifeng District of Qingyang City, as well as some townships (towns) in the northwest of Huachi County. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis showed that the high prevalence rate cluster was concentrated in 2022, covering 44 townships (towns) in 5 counties, mainly distributed in the southeast of Qingyang City. The low prevalence rate cluster was concentrated in 2024, covering 26 townships (towns) in 3 counties (districts), and distributed in the western of Qingyang City. Conclusion:There is a significant spatial clustering of Keshan disease in Qingyang City, and the high prevalence rate cluster is located in the southeast of Qingyang City, which is a key area for prevention and control of Keshan disease in the future.

Objective To investigate the effect of colquhounia root tablet(CRT)on hyperglucose-in-duced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2),and to explore its possible action mechanism.Methods HK-2 was cultured in vitro,and HK-2 was divided into the following five groups:control group(CON group),hyperosmolar group(MA group),high glucose group(HG group),high sugar+CRT group(HG+CRT group),high sugar+phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitor group(HG+LY29400 group),high sugar+CRT+phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitor group(HG+CRT+LY29400).The real time immunofluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR)was used to detect the mRNA ex-pression levels of E-cadherin,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)in each group.Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of PTEN,phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K),protein kinase B(Akt),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt),E-cadherin and α-SMA in each group.Results Compared with the CON group,the protein and mRNA expression levels of α-SMA,p-Akt protein expression level and p-Akt/Akt ratio in the HG group were increased,the protein and mRNA ex-pression levels of E-cadherin and PTEN were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG group,the α-SMA protein and mRNA expression levels in the HG+CRT group were decreased,while the E-cadherin protein and mRNA expression levels were increased,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the HG+CRT group,there was no significant differ-ence in the E cadherin,α SMA,PTEN,P13K and Akt protein expression levels and p-Akt/Akt ratio in the HG+CRT+LY29400 group had no significant differences(P＞0.05).while the expression level of p-Akt protein was increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion In vitro,CRT could re-verse hyperglucose-induced renal tubular epithelial cell EMT via the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective:To establish and validate a gallstones classification method based on deep learning.Methods:A total of 618 gallstones samples were collected from East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, and 1 023 high-definition cross-sectional gallstones profile images were captured to construct a cross-sectional gallstones profile image dataset. Based on the traditional eight-category gallstones classification method, a lightweight network model, MobileNet V3, was trained using deep learning and transfer learning methods. The classification performance of MobileNet was evaluated using a confusion matrix with metrics such as accuracy rate, precision rate, F1 score, and recall rate. The MobileNet V3 was improved and further validated using accuracy and loss values.Results:The accuracy rate (94.17%), precision rate (94.03%), F1 score (92.96%) and recall rate (92.99%) of the improved MobileNet V3 model were better than other networks. The improved MobileNet V3 model achieved the highest accuracy rate (94.17%) in gallstones profile classification and was validated by the test set. The confusion matrix showed a weighted average of accuracy rate (92.0%), precision rate (92.6%), and F1 score (92.2%) for each category of gallstones.Conclusions:Based on deep learning, a high-accuracy gallstones classification method is proposed, which provides a new idea for the intelligent identification of gallstones.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction of the gallbladder volume based on computed tomography(CT)images and study the biomechanical changes in gallbladder motility to explore the relationship between gallbladder dynamics and gallstone formation.Methods A method for calculating gallbladder volume based on CT 3D reconstruction of The gallbladder model was proposed and compared with the ellipsoid method.A finite element model of the gallbladder was constructed for fluid dynamics analysis to simulate changes in gallbladder motor function under different angles of convergence between the cystic and common bile ducts and in the presence of gallstones.Results The mean errors of the specific gallbladder model volume and ellipsoid volume of the 50 patients were 7.26％and 25.35％,respectively.During the refilling period,the maximum pressure,deformation,and flow velocity of the pear-shaped gallbladder were significantly higher than those of the gourd-shaped gallbladder.The angle between the gallbladder and common bile duct had little effect on the bile flow pattern,and the maximum bile flow rate was reached at an angle of 120°.The bile flow velocity of the gallbladder with calculus was lower than that of the gallbladder without calculus,and there was a vortex near the calculus.Conclusions Calculating gallbladder volume based on CT 3D reconstruction is more accurate than the ellipsoid method.Compared with a pear-shaped gallbladder,a gourd-shaped gallbladder has lower gallbladder wall contraction,bile flow rate,and poor motor function.The bile flow rate in the gallbladder is slow,which is more likely to lead to the enlargement of gallstones or the formation of new gallstones.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Keshan disease current cases in Qingyang City, Gansu Province.Methods:Full coverage monitoring data of all Keshan disease affected villages in Qingyang City from January to December 2022 were collected from the database of the Qingyang City Center for Disease Prevention and Control. A retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze the epidemiological distribution and clinical manifestations (including electrocardiography, classification of cardiac function, chest X-ray, B-mode ultrasound of the heart, etc) of 132 current cases of Keshan disease.Results:Among the 132 current cases of Keshan disease, there were 5 cases of latent type and 127 cases of chronic type, and 25 new cases were identified in 2022; with a male-to-female ratio of 1.03 ∶ 1.00 (67 ∶ 65), a median age of 62 years (interquartile range of 12). The area with the highest number of current cases was Heshui County, with a Keshan disease incidence rate of 3.37/10 000; the lower areas were Xifeng District and Zhenyuan County, with a Keshan disease incidence rate of 0.08/10 000 and 0.03/10 000, respectively. The abnormal electrocardiogram of the current cases was mainly characterized by T-wave and/or ST-segment changes, with a total of 78 cases, accounting for 59.09% of the total cases. Heart function impairment (grade Ⅱ and above) was found in 124 cases, accounting for 93.94%. The results of B-mode ultrasound and chest X-ray examination showed that there were 107 cases of heart enlargement, accounting for 81.06% of the total cases.Conclusions:The Keshan disease current cases in Qingyang City are predominantly chronic in elderly, with a balanced gender distribution but regional distribution differences. Abnormal electrocardiogram is common in patients, and their cardiac function is often impaired. Given the persistent presence of pathogenic factors, continued monitoring is necessary to achieve early intervention and improve prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Keshan disease current cases in Qingyang City, Gansu Province.Methods:Full coverage monitoring data of all Keshan disease affected villages in Qingyang City from January to December 2022 were collected from the database of the Qingyang City Center for Disease Prevention and Control. A retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze the epidemiological distribution and clinical manifestations (including electrocardiography, classification of cardiac function, chest X-ray, B-mode ultrasound of the heart, etc) of 132 current cases of Keshan disease.Results:Among the 132 current cases of Keshan disease, there were 5 cases of latent type and 127 cases of chronic type, and 25 new cases were identified in 2022; with a male-to-female ratio of 1.03 ∶ 1.00 (67 ∶ 65), a median age of 62 years (interquartile range of 12). The area with the highest number of current cases was Heshui County, with a Keshan disease incidence rate of 3.37/10 000; the lower areas were Xifeng District and Zhenyuan County, with a Keshan disease incidence rate of 0.08/10 000 and 0.03/10 000, respectively. The abnormal electrocardiogram of the current cases was mainly characterized by T-wave and/or ST-segment changes, with a total of 78 cases, accounting for 59.09% of the total cases. Heart function impairment (grade Ⅱ and above) was found in 124 cases, accounting for 93.94%. The results of B-mode ultrasound and chest X-ray examination showed that there were 107 cases of heart enlargement, accounting for 81.06% of the total cases.Conclusions:The Keshan disease current cases in Qingyang City are predominantly chronic in elderly, with a balanced gender distribution but regional distribution differences. Abnormal electrocardiogram is common in patients, and their cardiac function is often impaired. Given the persistent presence of pathogenic factors, continued monitoring is necessary to achieve early intervention and improve prognosis.

Objective::To build a reference fetal growth chart for the Chinese population based on fetal ultrasound measurements.Methods::This was a multicenter, population-based retrospective cohort study. Longitudinal ultrasound measurement data were collected from 24 hospitals in 18 provinces of China from 1 st September through 31 st October of 2019. The estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated based on head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length using Hadlock formula 3. Fetal growth curves were estimated using a two-level linear regression model with cubic splines. All participants were divided into two groups: the northern group ( n = 5829) and the southern group ( n = 3246) based on the geographical division of China and male fetus group ( n = 4775) and female fetus group ( n = 4300) based on fetal gender. The EFW was compared by fetal gender and geographical group. All statistical models were adjusted for maternal sociodemographic characteristics. Results::A total of 9075 participants with 31,700 ultrasound measurement records were included in this study. Male fetuses demonstrated significantly larger EFW compared to female ones starting at 16 weeks of gestation and extending to delivery (global test P < 0.01). The overall geographic difference in EFW was significant (global test P = 0.03), and week-specific comparisons showed that the northern group had a greater EFW starting at 15 weeks of gestation and extending to 29 weeks of gestation, although this difference did not extend to the time of delivery. The Z-score of EFW confirmed that our Chinese fetal growth charts differed from previously published standards. Conclusion::This study provides EFW and ultrasound biometric reference measurements for Chinese fetuses and reveals differences from other fetal growth charts. The chart is worth promoting in more regions of China but should be tested prudently before use.

Gallstone is a common surgical disease. The factors which related to intestine during the process of gallstone formation have attracted increasing attention. The main factors affecting the formation of cholesterol gallstone including cholesterol absorption, bile acid concentration, gut microbiota changing, are all related to the intestine. A correct understanding of the factors related to intestine during gallstone formation is helpful for the prevention and treatment of gallstone disease. In future, different targets related to intestine may play an important role in both prevention of gallstone disease and post-cholecystectomy management.