OBJECTIVE To optimize the drug placement layout， reduce pharmacists’ dispensing time， and improve the work efficiency of the inpatient pharmacy. METHODS An ABC-CVA classification method was constructed. The ABC classification was first employed to categorize drugs into three groups [A （high frequency)， B （medium frequency）， and C （low frequency）] based on drug usage frequency. Subsequently， the CVA （Critical Value Analysis） method was applied to further classify drugs with low frequency （mainly category C） but requiring urgent use （e.g.， emergency drugs） or occupying large space. RESULTS After optimizing the drug placement layout based on this method， the average daily dispensing time for long-term prescriptions across three major wards （internal medicine， surgery， and intensive care unit） was shortened by （14.7±4.9） min. The optimized average daily dispensing time in each ward was significantly lower than that before optimization， and all differences were statistically significant （ P ＜0.001）. CONCLUSIONS The established ABC-CVA classification method can precisely facilitate the optimization of drug layout in inpatient pharmacies， significantly improve pharmacists’ dispensing efficiency， and enhance the service quality of inpatient pharmacies.

Objective To address the current issues of strong subjectivity in drug classification,vague classification standards,and complex influencing factors,this study aims to explore a scientific method for drug classification to reduce inventory costs and improve inventory effectiveness.Methods A total of 700 drugs were randomly selected from the historical data of a tertiary hospital in Beijing from 2021 to 2022 as the research subjects.The classification was conducted using the Principal Component Analysis(PCA)algorithm and the K-means clustering algorithm(K-means).Results The optimal number of classifications was determined to be 4,with a silhouette coefficient of 0.347 0.The 700 drugs were divided into four categories,with 363 in the first category,186 in the second,94 in the third,and 57 in the fourth.The drug classification method studied in this paper was simulated and applied to the drug inventory management of a certain tertiary hospital in the second quarter of 2023.The simulation results indicated that the classification method studied in this paper could reduce inventory costs and improve inventory effectiveness.Conclusion The drug classification method based on PCA algorithm and K-means clustering algorithm can provide a reliable basis for the management of drug inventory classification.

Objective To address the current issues of strong subjectivity in drug classification,vague classification standards,and complex influencing factors,this study aims to explore a scientific method for drug classification to reduce inventory costs and improve inventory effectiveness.Methods A total of 700 drugs were randomly selected from the historical data of a tertiary hospital in Beijing from 2021 to 2022 as the research subjects.The classification was conducted using the Principal Component Analysis(PCA)algorithm and the K-means clustering algorithm(K-means).Results The optimal number of classifications was determined to be 4,with a silhouette coefficient of 0.347 0.The 700 drugs were divided into four categories,with 363 in the first category,186 in the second,94 in the third,and 57 in the fourth.The drug classification method studied in this paper was simulated and applied to the drug inventory management of a certain tertiary hospital in the second quarter of 2023.The simulation results indicated that the classification method studied in this paper could reduce inventory costs and improve inventory effectiveness.Conclusion The drug classification method based on PCA algorithm and K-means clustering algorithm can provide a reliable basis for the management of drug inventory classification.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of Stevens-Johnson syndrome （SJS） and toxic epidermal necrolysis （TEN） induced by tislelizumab， providing evidence for clinical medication safety. METHODS Case reports of tislelizumab-related SJS/TEN were retrieved from CNKI， VIP， Wanfang Data， PubMed， ScienceDirect， and Embase. Descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS Seventeen cases from 17 publications were included （SJS 4 cases， TEN 13 cases）. Among them， there were 10 males and 7 females. Twelve patients were aged between 70 and 79 years. The predominant tumor type was lung cancer （10 cases）. Thirteen patients received combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs. The median onset time of SJS/ TEN was 26 （4， 104） days. Nine patients developed SJS/TEN after the first administration of the drug. Sixteen patients exhibited prodromal rash symptoms， primarily characterized by severe skin damage such as skin detachment， accompanied by mucosal injury. Sixteen patients improved after symptomatic treatment， while one patient died. CONCLUSIONS Tislelizumab-associated SJS/TEN risk is higher in elderly patients， males， those with lung cancer and those receiving combination chemotherapy. Mucosal lesions and atypical rashes may indicate the early onset of SJS/TEN. During clinical use， pharmaceutical care can be carried out through measures such as identifying high-risk populations， closely monitoring skin symptoms from the first administration to the fifth treatment cycle， and enhancing patient education. When relevant symptoms occur， the medication should be promptly discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be administered to ensure the patient’s medication safety.

Objective To introduces drug treatment and individualized pharmaceutical care for a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy digoxin poisoning and provides ideas for pharmaceutical care.Methods The pharmacist used therapeutic drug management to analyze the course of drug treatment before and after hospitalization,combined with therapeutic drug monitoring and drug-gene detection,to analyze the causes of poisoning in digoxin from the perspectives of underlying diseases,polymor-phism,drug dosage,combination of drugs,physiological and other pathological factors,and to assist in clinical drug reformula-tion and optimization of drug treatment regimens.Results The clinician accepted the clinical pharmacist's suggestion.The pa-tient had a good prognosis,and digoxin poisoning did not occur in the later period.Conclusion This case provides a feasible treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy and other patients with digoxin intoxication;it can be used as a reference for the prevention and treatment of digoxin poisoning and provide a new direction for the development of hospital pharmaceutical care and pharma-ceutical professionals.

Objective To analyze the medication rules of compound patents for the prevention and treatment of viral pneumonia through data mining technology,and to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment and new drug research and development.Methods Summarizing the patents of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the prevention and treatment of viral pneumonia in Patent Announcement module of China National Intellectual Property Administration website,search time is from database establishment to December 31,2023,and the statistics on the frequency of use,medicinal properties,efficacy classification,association analysis,and cluster analysis were carried out with the help of data mining software such as Excel 2019,IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0,and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0.Results Through screening,a total of 218 compound patents met the inclusion criteria,involving 424 kinds of Chinese materia medica,and the top 5 herbs with the highest frequency of use were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Forsythiae Fructus,Scutellariae Radix,and Platycodon Radix.The medicinal properties are bitter and cold,and mostly belong to the lung meridian.There were 4 medicinal groups of pair medicine,13 medicinal groups of triple medicine,and 1 medicinal group with four related medicine exhibiting strong correlation.A total of 6 high-frequency combinations of traditional Chinese medicine were obtained by cluster analysis.Conclusion The basic pathogenesis of viral pneumonia is that internal deficiency and evil enter,heat toxin is trapped in the ling,the phlegm and blood stasis is occurred inside,and affecting the lung's function of purging and eliminating.In clinical practice,the deficiency tonic drugs Astragali radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,are used to strengthen resistance,the heat-clearing drugs Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Forsythiae Fructus,the phlegm antitussive and antiasthmatic drugs,Platycodon Radix,Armeniacae Semen Amarum,etc,are used to treat the symptoms,simultaneous treatment of the symptoms and root cause,prevention and treatment are organically combined.

OBJECTIVE To establish the drug-induced liver injury （DILI） surveillance and assessment system （DILI-SAS）， and to improve the diagnostic efficiency of clinical DILI. METHODS The DILI-SAS was constructed by using natural language processing technology to mine and utilize all inpatient medical record data， and combined with Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method （RUCAM）. The medical records of 19 445 hospitalized patients from August 2022 to January 2023 were detected to verify the performance of the system and manually analyze the basic data of patients with DILI and the distribution of the first suspected drugs. RESULTS The overall accuracy rate of the DILI-SAS system was 91.95%， and the recall rate was 93.20%. Seventy-five DILI cases were detected， and the DILI incidence rate was 385.70/100 000 people. The efficiency of DILI monitoring by human- computer coupling was increased by about 60 times of manual monitoring； males （61.33%） and patients over 60 years old （56.00%） were the most common in the 75 cases of DILI. The clinical type of liver injury was hepatocyte injury （69.33%）， the incubation period was mainly 5-90 days after treatment （62.67%）， and the RUCAM score between 3 and 5 was the most common （66.67%）； pharmacological distribution of the first suspected drugs was mainly dihydropyridines， HMG CoA reductase inhibitors， proton pump inhibitors， etc. The specific drugs were atorvastatin， omeprazole， ceftriaxone， metronidazole and other drugs. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of DILI-SAS can improve the evaluation efficiency on the basis of ensuring the accuracy degree， and provide a solution for the early identification， diagnosis and evaluation of clinical DILI.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate how pharmacists provide through individualized pharmaceutical care for patients medication therapy management（MTM） combined with medicine gene detection， and to promote rational drug use in clinic.METHODS： A case of elderly comorbidity with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by Warfarin sodium tablets was taken as an example. The patient had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed two months before admission， and urinary tract infection occurred half a month ago. Medication therapy course was analyzed retrospectively before and after hospitalization； based on gene typing detection of CYP2C9*3 and VKORC1-1639， the individualized dose of Warfarin sodium tablets was evaluated. MTM was perfomed for acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and all medication of patient to formulate individualized medication scheme. RESULTS： The genotyping of warfarin CYP2C9*3 and VKORC1-1639 indicated that the patients were of super slow metabolic type. The recommended dosage of warfarin should be 0.86-1.86 mg/d. Based on MTM analysis of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage， the main causes of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were Warfarin sodium tablets 3.0 mg/d， poor drug compliance， disease status and co-morbidity and multi-drug combination. Clinical gastrointestinal hemorrhage of the patients were improved after drug withdrawal， anticoagulant drugs was changed into Rivaroxaban tablet，10 mg/d. Through MTM for all drug use in the patient， results of medication reorganization showed that Diltiazem hydrochloride tablet， Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium dispersible tablet， Compound vitamin tablet were stopped； hypoglycemic drug Glimepiride tablet was changed into Gliquidone tablet； Metoprolol tartrate tablet was changed into Bisoprolol tablet after coronary artery bypass graft； proton pump inhibitor Esomeprazole enteric-coated tablet was changed into Pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated capsule. CONCLUSIONS： The pharmaceutical care mode of MTM combined with medicine gene detection can guide rational drug use in clinic， realize individualized pharmaceutical care， improve patient compliance and prevent problems related to adverse drug reactions.