As the most abundant and essential structural protein in the human body, collagen is ubiquitously present in the interstitium of nearly all solid organs, playing a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and functional stability of human tissues and organs. Disorders associated with collagen structure and metabolisms impose a significant burden on society and healthcare systems. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential steps in collagen metabolism, and recent studies have indicated that aberrant regulation of PTMs plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progress of collagen-related disorders, including liver, kidney, heart, lung, and skin fibrosis, as well as keloid. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the regulatory mechanisms of both traditional and novel PTMs in collagen metabolism and collagen-related diseases. Furthermore, we summarize the drugs that modulate PTMs and their effects, with the aim of elucidating the pathophysiology of collagen-related diseases and provide new insights for their diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the effect and safety of adjustable closed loop(ACL) in the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS).Methods:From January 2017 to December 2017, the clinical data of 2 cases with ostomy in continuity after surgery in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University were analyzed.The age was 1 and 3 months, both were females, and preservation of intestinal tube length were 65 cm and 60 cm respectively.They were all diagnosed SBS with a lot of stool like water.Self-made ACL was installed to maintain SBS.The blood circulation of stoma, weight, BMI, defecating, abdomen, nutrition status changes, nursing convenience, intestinal infection susceptibility were observed.Results:There was no necrosis in stoma, and the overall condition was improved, and no significant increase in abdominal distension.ACL used in babies with ostomy in continuity could improve the anus stool, weight, nursing convenience.Conclusion:ACL installed in baby with SBS could contribute to intestinal management, and is easy to install.

Objective:To discuss the clinical significance of structural chest zones for gynecomastia.Methods:A total of 687 gynecomastia patients, aged from 14 to 45 years old, with an average age of 27.0, were admitted to the Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2018. Simon classification was used to record. Conduct Simon classification according to the preoperative measurement of the chest. Surgical area design, photo analysis, breast ultrasound examination and Derriford appearance scale evaluation were conducted as well. Six zones can be divided as follows: zone 0 nipple-areola zone, zone 1 gynecomastia zone, zone 2 accessory-breast zone, zone 3 lateral-roll zone, zone 4 IMF(inframammary fold) zone, zone T relative-contraindication zone. Positive and lateral images of the chest were taken before and one week, one month, three months, six months, and 12 months after the operation, and the preoperative and postoperative changes of each structural zone were compared. At the follow-up of 12 months after the operation, patients’ satisfaction was counted.Results:687 patients, according to Simon classification, were divided toⅠ degreein 65 cases, Ⅱa degree in 257 cases, Ⅱb degreein 194 cases, Ⅲ degree in 171 cases. Before operation, except for Simon Ⅰ degree in 65 cases showed just raised to 0 zone, most of the rest of the patients contains 1 zone raised, 2-4 zones come in different patients. After liposuction and glandular stripping were performed in different zones, postoperative follow-up was conducted one week, one month, three months, six months, and 12 months after the operation. The dynamic observation was made of the change process of chest shape shaping during the follow-up, whether there were postoperative complications, poor local shape, or bad regional shape. Evaluation results of patient satisfaction 12 months after surgery: among the 687 patients, there were 634 patients with 10 points of satisfaction, and 53 patients with 8-9 points, including 48 patients of zone 0 and zone 1, three patients of zone 3, and 2 patients of zone 4.Conclusions:The structural chest zones of gynecomastia provides plastic surgeons and male patients with simple, intuitive, and highly recognized preoperative evaluation, which can provide appropriate, simplified, and accurate guidance for the selection of surgical methods.

Objective:To discuss the clinical significance of structural chest zones for gynecomastia.Methods:A total of 687 gynecomastia patients, aged from 14 to 45 years old, with an average age of 27.0, were admitted to the Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University from January 2012 to December 2018. Simon classification was used to record. Conduct Simon classification according to the preoperative measurement of the chest. Surgical area design, photo analysis, breast ultrasound examination and Derriford appearance scale evaluation were conducted as well. Six zones can be divided as follows: zone 0 nipple-areola zone, zone 1 gynecomastia zone, zone 2 accessory-breast zone, zone 3 lateral-roll zone, zone 4 IMF(inframammary fold) zone, zone T relative-contraindication zone. Positive and lateral images of the chest were taken before and one week, one month, three months, six months, and 12 months after the operation, and the preoperative and postoperative changes of each structural zone were compared. At the follow-up of 12 months after the operation, patients’ satisfaction was counted.Results:687 patients, according to Simon classification, were divided toⅠ degreein 65 cases, Ⅱa degree in 257 cases, Ⅱb degreein 194 cases, Ⅲ degree in 171 cases. Before operation, except for Simon Ⅰ degree in 65 cases showed just raised to 0 zone, most of the rest of the patients contains 1 zone raised, 2-4 zones come in different patients. After liposuction and glandular stripping were performed in different zones, postoperative follow-up was conducted one week, one month, three months, six months, and 12 months after the operation. The dynamic observation was made of the change process of chest shape shaping during the follow-up, whether there were postoperative complications, poor local shape, or bad regional shape. Evaluation results of patient satisfaction 12 months after surgery: among the 687 patients, there were 634 patients with 10 points of satisfaction, and 53 patients with 8-9 points, including 48 patients of zone 0 and zone 1, three patients of zone 3, and 2 patients of zone 4.Conclusions:The structural chest zones of gynecomastia provides plastic surgeons and male patients with simple, intuitive, and highly recognized preoperative evaluation, which can provide appropriate, simplified, and accurate guidance for the selection of surgical methods.

A 45-year-old male received a lump resection on left maxillofacial and cervical region. Before treatment,the laboratory test results were as follows:alanine aminotransferase( ALT)19 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase( AST)32 U/L,gamma glutamyltransferase( GGT)146 U/L. He was given an intravenous infusion of propacetamol hydrochloride 2. 0 g in 0. 9% sodium chloride 100 ml twice daily. The laboratory tests were as follows:alanine aminotransferase 642 U/L,aspartate aminotransferase 692 U/L, gamma glutamyltransferase 368 U/L on day 8 after operation. The patient had no symptoms of nausea, vomiting,abdominal distention,and poor appetite. There was no tenderness in his hepatic zones. He was considered as acute liver injury due to propacetamol hydrochloride. Propacetamol hydrochloride was discontinued immediately and liver-protective drugs such as polyene phosphatidylcholine, reduced glutathione,and N-acetyl cysteine were given. On day 8 of drug withdrawal,the results of laboratory tests were as follows:ALT 87 U/L,AST 341 U/L,GGT 354 U/L. On day 32 of drug withdrawal,the laboratory tests results were as follows:ALT 24 U/L,AST 17 U/L,GGT 36 U/L.

A 45-year-old male received a lump resection on left maxillofacial and cervical region. Before treatment,the laboratory test results were as follows:alanine aminotransferase( ALT)19 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase( AST)32 U/L,gamma glutamyltransferase( GGT)146 U/L. He was given an intravenous infusion of propacetamol hydrochloride 2. 0 g in 0. 9% sodium chloride 100 ml twice daily. The laboratory tests were as follows:alanine aminotransferase 642 U/L,aspartate aminotransferase 692 U/L, gamma glutamyltransferase 368 U/L on day 8 after operation. The patient had no symptoms of nausea, vomiting,abdominal distention,and poor appetite. There was no tenderness in his hepatic zones. He was considered as acute liver injury due to propacetamol hydrochloride. Propacetamol hydrochloride was discontinued immediately and liver-protective drugs such as polyene phosphatidylcholine, reduced glutathione,and N-acetyl cysteine were given. On day 8 of drug withdrawal,the results of laboratory tests were as follows:ALT 87 U/L,AST 341 U/L,GGT 354 U/L. On day 32 of drug withdrawal,the laboratory tests results were as follows:ALT 24 U/L,AST 17 U/L,GGT 36 U/L.

Patient 1,a 25-year-old female with ectopic pregnancy received an IV infusion of desmopressin acetate 15 μg every 12 hours due to tubal embryo surgery incision and pelvic adhesion separation surgery. On day 2,about 30 minutes after the start of infusion,the patient developed delirium, confusion,convulsion, and trismus. Laboratory tests showed that serum sodium was 125 mmol/ L (preoperative serum sodium was 142 mmol/ L). Hyponatremic encephalopathy induced by desmopressin acetate was considered. Desmopressin acetate was withdrawn immediately and she was given sodium supplement. About 10 minutes later,the patient's symptoms relieved. She had consciousness and serum sodium level rose to 141 mmol/ L on the next day. Patient 2,a 42-year-old female patient received an IV infusion of desmopressin acetate 18 μg every 12 hours after radical treatment of perianal abscess. On day 4, the patient developed dizziness,sweating,tremor of hands,chills,and oliguria. On day 5,the patient developed nausea,upward deviation of the eyes,and muscular rigidity and clonus in both upper limbs. Laboratory tests showed that serum sodium was 124 mmol/ L(preoperative serum sodium was 141 mmol/ L). Her CT examination showed extensive edema in white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. Hyponatremic encephalopathy induced by desmopressin acetate was considered. Desmopressin acetate was stopped and she was given symptomatic treatments such as sodium supplement. One day later,the patient' s symptoms disappeared and her serum sodium increased to 138 mmol/ L.

Patient 1,a 25-year-old female with ectopic pregnancy received an IV infusion of desmopressin acetate 15 μg every 12 hours due to tubal embryo surgery incision and pelvic adhesion separation surgery. On day 2,about 30 minutes after the start of infusion,the patient developed delirium, confusion,convulsion, and trismus. Laboratory tests showed that serum sodium was 125 mmol/ L (preoperative serum sodium was 142 mmol/ L). Hyponatremic encephalopathy induced by desmopressin acetate was considered. Desmopressin acetate was withdrawn immediately and she was given sodium supplement. About 10 minutes later,the patient's symptoms relieved. She had consciousness and serum sodium level rose to 141 mmol/ L on the next day. Patient 2,a 42-year-old female patient received an IV infusion of desmopressin acetate 18 μg every 12 hours after radical treatment of perianal abscess. On day 4, the patient developed dizziness,sweating,tremor of hands,chills,and oliguria. On day 5,the patient developed nausea,upward deviation of the eyes,and muscular rigidity and clonus in both upper limbs. Laboratory tests showed that serum sodium was 124 mmol/ L(preoperative serum sodium was 141 mmol/ L). Her CT examination showed extensive edema in white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. Hyponatremic encephalopathy induced by desmopressin acetate was considered. Desmopressin acetate was stopped and she was given symptomatic treatments such as sodium supplement. One day later,the patient' s symptoms disappeared and her serum sodium increased to 138 mmol/ L.

Objective To develop and evaluate the Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases -Osteoarthritis ( QLICD-OA). Methods The QLICD-OA was evaluated by testing 140 in-patients with Osteoarthritis. The statistical methods used included correlation analysis, factor analysis, paired t test and Generalizability coefficient. Results The rest-retest reliability γ of QLICD-OA was 0.91, Cronbach’s α for overall scale was 0.98 and Generalizability coefficient was 0.94. Correlation and factor analysis demonstrated good construct validity. After treatment, statistically significant scores were found in the tested group for Specific module and total instrument. Conclusions The QLICD-OA has good validity, reliability and responsiveness. The QLICD-OA may serve as the QOL measurement scale for patients with Osteoarthritis in China.