Objective To analyze the lung function condition and the prevalence of pulmonary ventilation disorders in the occupational population of Wuhan, and to explore their influencing factors. Methods Physical examination data from the Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases were used in this study, and finally 9499 people were selected as the study subjects. The linear regression model and logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of pulmonary ventilation function and pulmonary dysfunction. The restricted cubic spline was used to explore the nonlinear relationship. Results The prevalence of pulmonary ventilation disorders was 1.7%, and the lung function indexes FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were significantly lower in the population aged >27 years than in the population aged <27 years (P<0.001). The lung function indexes FVC and FEV1 were significantly lower in females than in males (P<0.001). The lung function indexes FVC and FEV1 were significantly lower in underweight occupational groups than in normal-weight groups (P<0.001), and FVC and FEV1 were significantly lower in dust-exposed occupational groups than in groups without dust exposure(P<0.05). Restricted cubic spline plots showed a nonlinear relationship between age and lung function indexes FVC and FEV1 (P_nonlinear< 0.05). Age and BMI were the risk factors for pulmonary ventilation disorders. Conclusion Age, gender, BMI, and dust exposure are risk factors for decreased FVC and FEV1. Age is the risk factor for decreased FEV1/FVC. Age and BMI are the risk factors for pulmonary ventilation disorders.

MRGPRX2 antagonists possess the potential for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. Previously, we identified a class of diaryl urea (DPU) MRGPRX2 antagonists with sub-micromolar IC₅₀ values in vitro. However, the structure-activity relationship remains unclear. Herein, we adopted a "relative symmetry with electronegativity of different key-groups" strategy for further modification of DPUs to achieve a promising MRGPRX2 antagonist with higher activity and safety. Electrostatic potential energy analysis and biological evaluation revealed that B-1023 and B-5023, that possess relatively symmetric electron-withdrawing substituents, remarkable inhibited mast cell degranulation at a sub-micromolar IC₅₀ in vitro and alleviated anaphylactic symptoms. Furthermore, B-1023, mitigated antigen-induced pulmonary inflammation (AIPI) in mice and competitively bonded to MRGPRX2. In summary, the "relative symmetry with electronegativity of different key-groups" strategy provided a drug design pattern for MRGPRX2 antagonists and identified promising antiallergic precursors for AIPI treatment.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the occupational noise exposure and arteriosclerosis in mechanical manufacturing workers. Methods A total of 453 employees of a machinery manufacturing enterprise were selected as the study subjects using the judgment sampling method. The noise exposure levels in their workplaces were measured, and their cumulative noise exposure (CNE) was assessed based on the type of job-noise exposure matrix and occupational hazard exposure history. Pure-tone audiometry was performed on the research subjects, and their brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured. Results The CNE was (91±11) dB(A) per year and the median baPWV was 1 278.0 cm/s in the research subjects. The results of the generalized linear regression model analysis showed that for every one dB(A) per year increase in CNE, the baPWV of the general population increased by 0.20% ［95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10%-0.30%, P<0.01］, with an increase of 0.17% in males (95%CI 0.06%-0.28%, P<0.01) and 0.28% in females (95%CI 0.07%-0.49%, P<0.01). Using the hearing loss as an outcome indicator for high intensity noise exposure, the results showed that baPWV increased by 7.04% (95%CI 2.42%-11.87%, P<0.01) in individuals with bilateral hearing loss, and by 9.84% and 6.53% (95%CI 3.07%-17.07% and 2.13%-11.11%, all P<0.01) in individuals with elevated high-frequency hearing thresholds in both ears and in either ear, respectively. There was no significant association in elevated speech-frequency hearing thresholds and arteriosclerosis (P>0.05). Conclusion Occupational noise exposure may increase the risk of arteriosclerosis.

Objective:To investigate the development of receptive and expressive vocabulary in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CI) during the first year after CI activation.Methods:A total of 827 children (411 boys and 416 girls) who were implanted CI before 2.5 years of age from October 2019 to December 2022 in the Department of Auditory Implantation, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital were included in this study. The Infant Checklist of the Mandarin Early Vocabulary Inventory (EVI) was used to assess the quantity and content of receptive and expressive vocabulary at the time of CI activation and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th months post-activation. SPSS 22.0 was used to describe the receptive and expressive vocabulary of CI children at the first year after activation.Results:During the first year after CI activation, CI children′s receptive and expressive vocabulary consistently increased with the CI usage. The average number of receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary respectively increased from 0 to 178, and from 0 to 97. At the first year of post-activation, the number of receptive and expressive vocabulary of CI children were superior to that of hearing-age matched typical-hearing children, but fell behind of that of chronological age matched typical-hearing children. In terms of lexical categories, receptive and expressive vocabulary was acquired in the following order: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and pronouns. Among the top 50 words that CI children could express, nouns were the most common, then followed by verbs, adjectives, and pronouns. Father′s education level can significantly and positively predictethe receptive vocabulary of CI children at the first year post-activation. At the first year after CI activation, the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were 113, 149, 178, 202, 223 for the receptive vocabulary, and 9, 37, 97, 148, 188 for expressive vocabulary.Conclusion:For Mandarin speaking children with CI, the receptive and expression vocabulary continuely increased within the first year after CI activation. The ability to grasp receptive vocabulary precedes the ability to express expressive vocabulary. Compared to hearing-age matched typical-hearing children, CI children showed faster rate of the vocabulary growth, and earlier and more frequently verb expression. However, it still larged behind that of chronological age matched hearing normal children. CI children respectively understood and expressed nouns and verbs the first. In children with CI, the first concepts understood and expressed were nouns and verbs. Among the first 50 words expressed, nouns were the most numerous, and the age at which verbs were acquired was earlier than that for hearing-age matched typical-hearing children.

Objective:To analyze the disease characteristics, diagnosis and treatment methods of venous pulsatile tinnitus treated by intervention of sigmoid sinus.Methods:Fifty patients (from Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University between February 2014 and July 2020) with venous pulsatile tinnitus treated by sigmoid sinus surgery were analyzed retrospectively. The tinnitus characteristics, imaging findings, surgical methods, intraoperative findings and postoperative tinnitus changes were recorded. The patients were followed up for 6-12 months. The sign rank sum test was used to analyze the difference in tinnitus grading before and after surgery. There were 50 patients with unilateral venous pulsatile tinnitus, including 49 females and 1 male. The age ranged from 17 to 67 years, with a median age of 44 years. There were 45 cases of right tinnitus and 5 cases of left tinnitus. The degree of tinnitus before operation was grade Ⅱ or above, including 4 cases of gradeⅡ, 11 cases of grade Ⅲ, 22 cases of grade Ⅳ and 13 cases of grade Ⅴ.Results:Thirty-seven cases were cured, 8 cases were ineffective (no change in tinnitus), 3 cases were markedly effective (tinnitus grade decreased by 3 in 2 cases, 4 in 1 case), and 2 cases were effective (tinnitus grade decreased by 1). The difference of tinnitus grade before and after operation was statistically significant ( Z=-5.70, P<0.05). Temporal bone CT showed 36 cases of sigmoid diverticulum (including 17 cases with sigmoid sinus dehiscence), 12 cases of sigmoid sinus dehiscence and 2 cases of absence of the temporal bone cortex abutting to sigmoid sinus. Thirty-five cases were performed with closure of sigmoid sinus diverticulum, 4 cases were performed with resurfacing of the sigmoid plate, 5 cases were performed with narrowing of sigmoid sinus, 4 cases were performed with simple opening of pre sigmoid mastoid air chamber, 1 case of opening was performed with pre sigmoid mastoid air chamber combined with narrowing of sigmoid sinus, and 1 case was performed with opening of pre sigmoid mastoid air chamber combined with closure of sigmoid sinus diverticulum. Conclusions:Venous pulsatile tinnitus is common in women. The common causes may be sigmoid sinus wall abnormalities such as sigmoid sinus diverticulum and perisigmoid bone defect. Imaging examinations are helpful for diagnosis. Venous pulsatile tinnitus can be treated with surgery.

Objective To investigate the effects of sugammadex on postoperative pulmonary com-plications(PPCs)and postoperative recovery after thoracoscopic lung resection surgery.Methods A total of 263 patients scheduled for thoracoscopic lung resection surgery between November 2021 and July 2023,112 males and 151 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18.5-28.0 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,were randomly divided into three groups:the sugammadex group(group S,n=88),the neostigmine group(group N,n=87),and the control group(group C,n=88).The patient was sent to postanesthesia care unit(PACU)after operation,when the train of four(TOF)count reached 2,group S was given sugamma-dex 2 mg/kg,group N was given neostigmine 0.04 mg/kg+atropine 0.02 mg/kg,and group C was given equal volume of normal saline.The incidence of PPCs from the end of the surgery to the time of discharge was recorded.The time from the end of surgery to extubation,the time from drug administration to recovery of the train of four ratio(TOFr)to 0.9,the TOFr immediately after extubation,the length of stay in PACU,hypoxemia after extubation(SpO2＜90％)were recorded,and the incidence rate of postoperative residual neuromuscular block(PRNB)was calculated.The time of first getting out of the bed for activity,the number of total and effective compressions by the analgesia pump within 48 hours after surgery,the inci-dence of rescue analgesia,the clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS),the numbers of postoperative nau-sea and vomiting(PONV),total drainage of the chest tube,duration of the chest tube insertion,and the length of postoperative hospital stay were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of PPCs,PRNB and hypoxemia after extubation were significantly decreased,time from the end of surgery to extubation,time from drug administration to recovery of TOFr to 0.9,the length of stay in PACU,and the first postoperatively out of bed activity time were significantly shortened,the TOFr immediately after extuba-tion was significantly increased,and CPIS was significantly decreased in group S(P＜0.05);the time from the end of surgery to extubation,time from drug administration to recovery of TOFr to 0.9,the length of stay in PACU were significantly shortened,the TOFr immediately after extubation was significantly in-creased,PRNB after extubation were significantly decreased in group N(P＜0.05).Compared with group N,the incidence of PRNB after extubation were significantly decreased,the time from the end of surgery to extubation,the time from drug administration to recovery of TOFr to 0.9,the length of stay in PACU,and the first postoperatively out of bed activity time were significantly shortened,the TOFr immediately after ex-tubation was significantly increased in group S(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in other in-dexes between the three groups.Conclusion Sugammadex can rapidly antagonize the residual muscle re-laxation,decrease the rate of PPCs and PRNB,and promote rapid recovery of patients after thoracoscopic lung resection surgery.

With the aging of the population, the number of patients with degenerative scoliosis continues to increase. Surgical treatment of degenerative scoliosis is challenging. Patients with degenerative scoliosis often present with multiple comorbidities, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Traditional open surgeries are associated with high risks and multiple complications, whereas minimally invasive surgeries have increasingly gained acceptance among patients and physicians. Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) offers advantages such as minimal trauma, less blood loss, rapid postoperative recovery, reduced risk of neural complications, and larger interbody cages with more grafting capacity. Mini-open lateral-anterior lumbar interbody fusion is a new standardized LLIF technique with smaller incisions, which does not require splitting the psoas muscle, thereby reducing the risk of muscle and nerve injuries, and involves vertical implantation of the fusion device. Posterior instrumentation via the Wiltse approach is characterized by shorter operational times, minimal radiation exposure, reduced muscular damage, increased graft fusion capabilities, and the ability to perform de-rotation maneuvers. Therefore, the Wiltse approach is particularly suitable for patients with degenerative scoliosis. Staged surgery significantly reduces the duration of each surgery and anesthesia, lowering surgical risks and enhancing postoperative recovery. Staged mini-open lateral-anterior lumbar interbody fusion and posterior instrumentation via the Wiltse approach maximizes the reduction of surgical trauma, significantly decreases surgical complications, and offers marked clinical outcomes, providing an alternative minimally invasive treatment for degenerative scoliosis.

Objective To investigate the impact of hemoglobin(Hb)level on the risk of all-cause mortality in elderly patients with stable coronary artery disease(SCAD)treated by percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 195 elderly SCAD patients treated by PCI in our hospital from June 2016 to December 2017,a total of 180 case were followed up.They were divided into four groups based on quartiles of Hb levels:Q1 group[≤122(108.28±12.53)g/L,n=47],Q2 group[122＜Hb≤137(130.07±4.33)g/L,n=43],Q3 group[137＜Hb≤148(142.67±3.10)g/L,n=46],and Q4 group[＞148(158.36±8.50)g/L,n=44].Their clinical data were collected and compared among the groups.All patients were followed up,with all-cause mortality as endpoint.Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of Hb level on all-cause mortality in elderly SCAD patients treated by PCI.Results For the 180 patients with complete follow-up,the median follow-up time was 703(415,1121)d,and the incidence of all-cause mortality was 10.00％(totally 18 deaths).And the incidence was 25.50％(12 deaths),7.00％(3 death),4.30％(2 deaths)and 2.30％(1 death)in Q1,Q2,Q3,and Q4 groups,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.01).Univariate Cox regression analysis showed age was a risk factor for all-cause death(P＜0.01),while Hb level,BMI,smoking history,dyslipidemia,and aspirin use were a risk facotr for all-cause death(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Further multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed Hb level was a risk facotr for all-cause death(HR=0.96,95％CI:0.93-0.99,P＜0.01).The risk of all-cause mortality was 3.68 times higher in the Q1 group than the Q2 group(HR=3.68,95％CI:1.01-13.45,P＜0.05),and there was no correlation in the incidence between the Q3 and Q4 groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Low Hb level is an independent predictor for all-cause mortality in elderly SCAD pa-tients after PCI.

Objective To explore the potential role and mechanism of compound tetramethylpyrazine in gastric cancer therapy by using network pharmacology analysis combined with gene function annotation and clinical data analysis.Methods SwissTargetPrediction database was used to screen the potential drug action sites of compound tetramethylpyrazine,and the OMIM and Genecard databases were used in combination to obtain gastric cancer-related targets.Intersection analysis was performed to identify potential therapeutic targets.Subsequently,the method of ClusterProfiler was used to perform functional annotation of the downstream targets of intersection.In addition,The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used to obtain the original data of gastric cancer patients,and the immune infiltration analysis,miRNA analysis,transcriptional regulation analysis of key genes,gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA),gene set variation analysis(GSVA),nomogram model construction,and genome-wide association studies(GWAS)were performed.Results Through network pharmacological screening,we found 14 potential therapeutic targets through which tetramethylpyrazine acted on gastric cancer.Functional annotation showed that these targets were mainly involved in the pathways for hormone metabolism,drug metabolism,and signal transduction.Based on log rank test,the expression of the key genes,ELANE and MPO,showed significant difference in the comparison of gastric cancer survival curves(P＜0.05),and were closely associated with immune cell infiltration.In addition,GSEA and GSVA results suggested that ELANE and MPO might influence the development of gastric cancer through multiple signaling pathways.Conclusion In this study,by using multiple analysis methods in an integrated way,we found that ligustrazine may have therapeutic effects on gastric cancer by regulating the potential targets of ELANE and MPO,as well as the relevant signaling pathways.

Objective:To analyze the effects of electrical acoustic stimulation (EAS) on speech and tone recognition as well as music perception in children with low-frequency residual hearing (LFRH) after cochlear implant (CI).Methods:A total of twelve Mandarin patients with LFRH who underwent unilateral CI from January 2017 to October 2020 were recruited, including 8 males and 4 females. There were 5 cases of pre-lingual deafness and 7 cases of post-lingual deafness. The median age at implantation was 12 years old (3-62 years). All patients had residual hearing (RH) before surgery, wore hearing aid (HA) timely, had an effective rehabilitation and the duration of use of electrical stimulation was 37.0±16.2 months. On the implanted side, the thresholds of 125 Hz and 250 Hz were less than and equal to 80 dB HL after implantation. A two-month follow-up clinical study was conducted with the EAS devices. The EAS effects were evaluated before, immediately after and 2 months after upgrade, including speech recognition rate, tone recognition and music tests. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of ten patients completed a two-month clinical follow-up and efficiency evaluation. Compared to the electrical stimulation, the recognition rate of spondee word significantly decreased after the immediate use of EAS (71.7±4.3 vs 79.6±3.1, P=0.018). Compared to the electrical stimulation as well as immediate use of EAS, the results of sentence in noise, tone in noise, and SRT of sentence in noise were all significantly improved at 2 months after use of EAS ( P<0.05). The pitch discrimination was significantly improved at 2 months after the use of EAS compared with that before the use of EAS ( P=0.042). Compared with before ( P=0.021) and immediately ( P=0.017) use of EAS, the ability of rhythm resolution was significantly improved. There were no significant differences in other test results ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The low-frequency acoustic information provided by EAS as well as the electrical-acoustic stimulation mode can provide rich auditory cues of speech perception in noise, tone recognition in noise, and musical discrimination for CI subjects. It can promote the improvement of complex listening ability of CI patients undergoing long-term electrical stimulation in a short time and comprehensively improve their hearing capacities.