Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)are employed as disinfectants due to their extensive antimi-crobial properties,but their biosafety in the livestock industry has not been comprehensively as-sessed.In this study,16 Black-skin Red-crowned chickens aged 32 weeks were randomly divided in-to four groups and sprayed with AgNP solution at the concentration of 0,0.064,0.128 or 0.256 g/L,respectively,every 72 h in their coops for 30 d.The effects of AgNPs as the disinfectant on lung tissue in chicken were investigated through calculation of organ coefficients,observation of lung tissue sections,analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,measurement of inflammatory factors,de-tection of silver residue in lung tissue,and exploration of signaling pathways in pulmonary fibrosis.The results indicated that chickens in the 0.128 and 0.256 g/L AgNPs treatment groups showed the blurred pulmonary lobule boundaries,the destroyed alveolar structure,and the significant in-crease in pulmonary fibrosis.These pathological changes were accompanied by the decrease in lung organ coefficient,the reduced SP-C content,the increased total protein concentration in lavage flu-id,and the elevated LDH and silver content in lung tissue.The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the 0.128 and 0.256 g/L AgNPs treatment groups were significantly higher than the control group,which suggested that AgNPs exposure could induce the pulmonary inflammatory responses.High concentrations of AgNPs can trigger pulmonary tissue fibrosis,damaging the structure and func-tions of lungs.The relative mRNA expression levels of NF-κB in all AgNPs treatment groups,TGF-β in the 0.128 g/L AgNPs treatment group,and Smad3 in the 0.128 and 0.256 g/L AgNPs treatment groups were significantly higher than these in the control group,respectively.Spraying chickens with 0.128 or 0.256 g/L AgNPs for disinfection led to pulmonary deposition of AgNPs,causing direct structural and functional damages to the lungs.It could also induce the chronic pul-monary inflammation through the NF-κB pathway and promote the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway to in-crease collagen synthesis,leading to pulmonary fibrosis.Therefore,the application of high concen-trations of AgNPs in livestock farming requires careful consideration of their potential biological safety issues.

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)are employed as disinfectants due to their extensive antimi-crobial properties,but their biosafety in the livestock industry has not been comprehensively as-sessed.In this study,16 Black-skin Red-crowned chickens aged 32 weeks were randomly divided in-to four groups and sprayed with AgNP solution at the concentration of 0,0.064,0.128 or 0.256 g/L,respectively,every 72 h in their coops for 30 d.The effects of AgNPs as the disinfectant on lung tissue in chicken were investigated through calculation of organ coefficients,observation of lung tissue sections,analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,measurement of inflammatory factors,de-tection of silver residue in lung tissue,and exploration of signaling pathways in pulmonary fibrosis.The results indicated that chickens in the 0.128 and 0.256 g/L AgNPs treatment groups showed the blurred pulmonary lobule boundaries,the destroyed alveolar structure,and the significant in-crease in pulmonary fibrosis.These pathological changes were accompanied by the decrease in lung organ coefficient,the reduced SP-C content,the increased total protein concentration in lavage flu-id,and the elevated LDH and silver content in lung tissue.The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the 0.128 and 0.256 g/L AgNPs treatment groups were significantly higher than the control group,which suggested that AgNPs exposure could induce the pulmonary inflammatory responses.High concentrations of AgNPs can trigger pulmonary tissue fibrosis,damaging the structure and func-tions of lungs.The relative mRNA expression levels of NF-κB in all AgNPs treatment groups,TGF-β in the 0.128 g/L AgNPs treatment group,and Smad3 in the 0.128 and 0.256 g/L AgNPs treatment groups were significantly higher than these in the control group,respectively.Spraying chickens with 0.128 or 0.256 g/L AgNPs for disinfection led to pulmonary deposition of AgNPs,causing direct structural and functional damages to the lungs.It could also induce the chronic pul-monary inflammation through the NF-κB pathway and promote the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway to in-crease collagen synthesis,leading to pulmonary fibrosis.Therefore,the application of high concen-trations of AgNPs in livestock farming requires careful consideration of their potential biological safety issues.

In order to explore the mechanism by which Rehmannia extract enhances ovarian follicle development,reduces ovarian aging,and improves the production performance of chickens,35-week-old black skin and red crest chickens were randomly divided into a blank control group and groups supplemented with 0.1％,0.2％and 0.4％Rehmannia extract for feeding experiments.Changes of histological structure and molecular regulation for improving the reproductive perform-ance of black skin and red crest chicken were explored here by detecting the reproductive hormones and the corresponding receptors in ovary and quantifying the cell proliferation and apoptotic lesion.Based on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways,mechanisms of Rehmannia ex-tract on promoting ovarian follicle development and alleviating ovarian aging were further studied to enrich the reproductive regulation theory of native breed chickens and improve their reproduc-tive performance.The results indicated that 0.4％Rehmannia extract could improve the levels of LH,E2 and P4 in serum,elevate the relative expression levels of FSHR,ERβ and PCNA mRNA in ovarian tissues,increase the content of PCNA protein,and decrease the number of apoptosis cells and the level of apoptosis protein Cleaved-Caspase-3.By enhancing the secretion of norepinephrine and activating the a2A-AR and the downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ovary,the Rehmannia extract could effectively relieve the decline of ovarian function and maintain stable and efficient ovarian functions,which was independent of AMPK signaling pathway.Therefore,0.4％Rehmannia extract is conducive to enhancing the reproductive function via regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

In order to explore the mechanism by which Rehmannia extract enhances ovarian follicle development,reduces ovarian aging,and improves the production performance of chickens,35-week-old black skin and red crest chickens were randomly divided into a blank control group and groups supplemented with 0.1％,0.2％and 0.4％Rehmannia extract for feeding experiments.Changes of histological structure and molecular regulation for improving the reproductive perform-ance of black skin and red crest chicken were explored here by detecting the reproductive hormones and the corresponding receptors in ovary and quantifying the cell proliferation and apoptotic lesion.Based on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways,mechanisms of Rehmannia ex-tract on promoting ovarian follicle development and alleviating ovarian aging were further studied to enrich the reproductive regulation theory of native breed chickens and improve their reproduc-tive performance.The results indicated that 0.4％Rehmannia extract could improve the levels of LH,E2 and P4 in serum,elevate the relative expression levels of FSHR,ERβ and PCNA mRNA in ovarian tissues,increase the content of PCNA protein,and decrease the number of apoptosis cells and the level of apoptosis protein Cleaved-Caspase-3.By enhancing the secretion of norepinephrine and activating the a2A-AR and the downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ovary,the Rehmannia extract could effectively relieve the decline of ovarian function and maintain stable and efficient ovarian functions,which was independent of AMPK signaling pathway.Therefore,0.4％Rehmannia extract is conducive to enhancing the reproductive function via regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of bridge internal fixation system on the treatment of periprosthetic femoral fracture of Vancouver type B1.Methods:From June 2013 to October 2018, 10 patients with periprosthetic femoral fracture of Vancouver type B1 were treated by bridge internal fixation system at Department of Orthopedics, Zhucheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical College. They were 3 males and 7 females, aged from 65 to 84 years (average, 73.6 years). All patients had received hip replacement due to femoral neck fracture, including 6 hemi-hip replacements and 4 total hip replacements. Fracture had occurred in 9 cases after the primary hip replacement and in one case after revision. The time from primary hip replacement to the present surgery ranged from 1.5 to 4.0 years (average, 2.5 years). Recorded were operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, hip joint function and complications at the last follow-up.Results:In this group, operation time ranged from 65 to 114 min (average, 82 min), intraoperative blood loss from 110 to 320 mL (average, 145 mL). The 10 patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months (average, 15 months). Their X-ray films showed that bony union was achieved in all after 3 to 6 months (average, 4.3 months). According to their hip Harris scores at the last follow-up, 7 cases were rated as excellent, 2 as good and one as fair. Follow-ups revealed no loosening or breakage of implants, infection, femoral prosthesis loosening, fracture or femoral prosthesis displacement.Conclusion:Bridge internal fixation system is a good way to treat periprosthetic femoral fracture of Vancouver type B1, leading to satisfactory short-term outcomes and fine functional recovery.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of AGR2 and Lgr5 in CRC and the corre-lation with clinical pathologic features. To evaluate the significance with combined detection of the clinical and patho-logical diagnosis of CRC. Methods AGR2 and Lgr5 expression were assessed in 70 cases of CRC and 20 cases of nor-mal tissues near the cancer by immunohistochemistry. Results ①The expression of AGR2 was significantly higher in CRC than that in normal tissue(68.57%vs 25.00%,P<0.01). The AGR2 expression in CRC was correlated with the de-gree of tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).②The expression of Lgr5 was significantly higher in CRC than that in normal tissue (74.29%vs 40.00%, P<0.01). The Lgr5 expression in CRC was correlated with the de-gree of tumor differentiation﹑depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). ③The Area Under Curve(AUC) of combined detection of AGR2 and Lgr5 were significantly higher than detection of both alone. the difference was statis-tically significant (P all <0.05). Conclusion AGR2 and Lgr5 played an important role in the occurrence and develop-ment of CRC, the combined detection not only contribute to the judgment of tumor progression, but also provide theo-retical support for molecular diagnosis and treatment of patients with CRC .

Objective To study the clinical effect of early rehabilitation nursing intervention in the patients who underwent lum-bar intervertebral disc operation .Methods 80 patients with lumbar disc herniation were selected and divided them into observation group and control group randomly ,each group contains 40 patients .The control group received conventional nursing while the ob-servation group underwent early rehabilitation nursing intervention after operation .Comparison was made in respects of pain ,func-tion rebuild and clinical effect after operation between two groups .Results There was no significant difference in the preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) score between two groups .The differences in postoperative JOA scores were significant from 2 weeks after operation to 1 year .The observation group has better clinical effect than that of control group .And the percent-age of back pain or leg pain ,the positive rate of straight leg raising in observation group was less than the control group in 12 months after operation .Conclusion The early rehabilitation nursing intervention can help lumbar disc operation patients recover faster ,maintain the clinical effect and prevent the postoperative complications .

Objective To find out the protective effects of angiotensin Ⅱ recepter antagonist(ATRA)of Losartan and the calcium channel blockade(CCB)of Amlodipine on the SHR rat kidney. Methods The rats were divided into 3 groups,one group received Losartan(30 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ),another group Amlodipine(10 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ),for 3 months, while the control group received only water. All rats were tested for blood pressure(BP),proteinuria(UP),angiotensin(ATⅡ),endothelin(ET),kaluretic peptide(KP),atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),aldosterone(Ald)and the pathological renal lesions,the expression of collagen Ⅳ(CoⅣ)and laminin(LM)were observed in SHR and Wistar kyoto(WKY)rats before and after the treatment. Results Losartan and Amlodipine not only significantly lowered the BP,24 h UP and pathological renal injuries,modulated the relaxation contraction of vascular substances in blood,but also significantly lessened the expression of CoⅣ and LM and ameliorated the glomerular sclerosis in SHR. Conclusions The modulation of Losartan and Amlodipine on the ratio of relaxative and contractive vascular substances in blood and on the extracellular matrix(ECM) metabolism through the ATⅡ, Ald and ET pathways may be one of the mechanism of ATRA and CCB on ameliorating the glomerular sclerosis.

The effects of fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5?-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6?-3; DHA) on serum total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were investigated in experimental hypercholesterolemic rats. The fish oil contained about 15% EPA and 43% DHA. Each animal was given 1ml fish oil/day by intragastric feeding for 30 days. The results in twice experiments showed that TC concentration in the serum of rats fed fish oil was markedly decreased as compared to rats fed olive oil, but serum HDL-C elevated. Furthermore, the ratio of HDL-C to TC in the serum was also significantly elevated in rats fed fish oil.

In this experiment, we investigated with enzymological methods the mechanisms of increase in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in rats fed with concentrated fish oil. The rats were fed with high fat diet (Group 1), high fat plus olive oil (Group 2) and high fat plus concentrated fish oil (Group 3) for 6 weeks respectively. The concentrated fish oil contained about 26% methyl-eicosapentaenoate (EPA-M) and 52% me-thyl-docosahexaenoate (DHA-M), and was given in 0.5ml/day for each animalThe results showed that HDL-C levels in the serum of rats fed with fish oil were markedly higher than Group 1 and 2 (p