Objective: To investigate the trend in disease burden of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in China from 1990 to 2021, so as to provide a reference for formulating prevention and control strategies for chronic respiratory diseases. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database, data on the number of incident cases, incidence, standardized incidence, number of deaths, mortality, standardized mortality, number of disability-adjusted life years (DALY), DALY rate, and standardized DALY rate of ILD in China were collected. The incidence, mortality, and DALY rate were used to analyze the disease burden of ILD. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was employed to assess the trend in standardized incidence, standardized mortality, and standardized DALY rate of ILD from 1990 to 2021. Rate decomposition analysis was applied to identify the main contributing factors affecting the trend in disease burden. Results: In 2021, China reported 48 514 cases, 7 674 deaths, and 222 288 person-years of DALY due to ILD, representing increases of 155.43%, 159.70%, and 97.34%, respectively, compared with 1990. From 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence and standardized mortality of ILD in China showed upward trends (EAPC=1.106% and 0.239%, both P<0.05), while the standardized DALY rate showed a downward trend (EAPC=-0.230%, P<0.05). From 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence and standardized mortality among males showed upward trends (EAPC=1.199% and 0.520%, both P<0.05), while the trend in the standardized DALY rate was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Among females, the standardized incidence of ILD showed an upward trend (EAPC=0.966%, P<0.05), while the standardized mortality and standardized DALY rate showed downward trends (EAPC=-0.306% and -0.760%, both P<0.05). In 2021, the incidence, mortality, and DALY rate of ILD in China increased with age, peaking in the group aged ≥95 years at 14.84/105, 13.90/105, and 124.71/105, respectively. Across all age groups aged ≥55 years, the incidence, mortality, and DALY rate of ILD were consistently higher in males than in females. The increase in the number of incident cases, deaths, and DALY due to ILD in China from 1990 to 2021 was primarily influenced by population aging, with contribution rates of 42.65%, 68.25%, and 69.79%, respectively. Conclusions From 1990 to 2021, the incidence and mortality risk of ILD in China showed upward trends, while the disability risk demonstrated a downward trend. Males bore a heavier disease burden of ILD, and aging was identified as the primary factor contributing to the increased burden of ILD in China.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture combined with a Chinese medicine, Danhong injection, on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Middle cerebral artery ( MCA ) occlusion was prepared by putting a nylon suture in the MCA.The MCA blood flow in the animals was restored at two hours after the MCA occlusion by withdrawing the suture to the external carotid artery (ECA).The acupoints“Baihui”(DU20) and “Zusanli”(ST36) were acupunctured and stimulated by twirling the acupuncture needle after reperfusion, and the rats were also administered with Danhong injection by intravenous injection, once every day for three days.Zea-Longa scores were recorded to assess the changes of neurological function. The rats were sacrificed at 72 h after reperfusion. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride ( TTC) staining was used to measure cerebral infarction size.Western blot was used to test the level of Bcl-2 and Bax in the ischemic penumbra.Results The acupuncture combined with Danhong injection treatment group displayed markedly lower neurologic deficit scores, reduced ischemic infarct surface, increased expression of Bcl-2 protein, and reduced expression of Bax protein, compared with those in the model group and Danhong injection alone group.Conclusions Acupuncture combined with Danhong injection show more significant neuroprotective effect than Danhong injection treatment alone on rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.