Sepsis is a common critical illness in clinical practice,characterized by rapid progression and high mortality.Its complex pathogenesis remains a major focus and challenge in the field of critical care medicine.Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)is one of the most frequent and severe complications of sepsis,featuring systemic activation of the coagulation cascade and microthrombus formation,significantly increasing the mortality.Coagulation factorⅫ(FⅫ),a serine protease,is considered to have therapeutic potential for thrombosis without impairing normal hemostasis.Study reveal that neutrophil extracellular trap(NET),web-like DNA structures released through a unique process known as NETosis,provide negatively charged scaffolds that promote FⅫ binding and activation,thus triggering the intrinsic coagulation cascade and contributing to a hypercoagulable state.In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to the interaction between NET and FⅫ in sepsis complicated with DIC.These 2 factors play central roles in intravascular thrombus formation and coagulation activation.Beyond their antimicrobial function,NET can aggravate tissue injury and coagulation abnormalities by releasing proinflammatory mediators such as myeloperoxidase(MPO),neutrophil elastase(NE),and reactive oxygen species(ROS).FⅫ activation can further trigger the kallikrein-kinin system(KKS)and activate FⅪ,amplifying inflammation and thrombosis in a vicious cycle.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as a key component of Chinese medical heritage,has demonstrated unique advantages in managing sepsis and its complications.Based on therapeutic principles such as"strengthening healthy qi and eliminating pathogenic factors"and"tonifying qi and activating blood circulation",TCM is believed to regulate immune function and correct coagulation disorders,thereby interfering with the hypercoagulable state mediated by NET and FⅫ,slowing the progression of DIC,and improving clinical outcomes.Several herbs,including Salvia miltiorrhiza,Astragalus membranaceus,Rheum officinale,Ligusticum chuanxiong,and Curcuma longa,have shown anticoagulant,antiplatelet,and anti-inflammatory properties.In addition,compound formulations such as Xuebijing injection and Qingwen Baidu decoction have demonstrated clinical efficacy in improving coagulation parameters,reducing D-dimer levels,and protecting organ function.Although current evidence on the effects of TCM on NET formation and FⅫactivation is still limited,its potential mechanisms and clinical value warrant further investigation.This review summarizes the critical roles and interplay of FⅫand NET in sepsis complicated with DIC and discusses the advances in TCM-based interventions,aiming to provide new perspectives for mechanism-oriented research and integrative therapeutic strategies.

Objective:To analyze the disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)- associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in Chinese children under one year of age from 1990 to 2021.Methods:Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database ( https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/), we calculated deaths, mortality, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), disability- adjusted life years (DALYs), DALY rates, and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) to assess the disease burden of RSV-associated LRTI in Chinese children under one year of age. Joinpoint regression modeling was employed to analyze temporal trends in disease burden in China from 1990 to 2021, with stratification by time, age, and sex. Comparisons were made with global and high socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. Results:In 2021, there were 324 deaths (95% UI: 179-539) from RSV-LRTI in Chinese infants under one year of age, with a mortality rate of 2.82 per 100 000 (95% UI: 1.55-4.69), ASMR of 0.10 per 100 000 (95% UI: 0.06-0.16), DALYs of 29 131.28 years (95% UI: 16 050.27-48 398.30), DALY rate of 253.56 per 100 000 (95% UI: 139.70-421.26), and ASDR of 6.70 per 100 000 (95% UI: 3.72-11.12). All metrics were lower than global levels but significantly higher than high-SDI regions. From 1990 to 2021, substantial reductions were observed in deaths, mortality rates, DALYs, and DALY rates of RSV-LRTI among children under one year of age in China, globally, and in high-SDI regions. China achieved ASMR and ASDR reductions of－95.91% (95% CI:－97.75% to－92.96%) and－96.70% (95% CI:－98.19% to－94.33%), comparable to high-SDI regions but exceeding global averages. Joinpoint analysis showed average annual percentage changes (AAPC) in ASMR of－9.80% (95% CI:－10.45% to－9.14%) for China,－5.38% (95% CI:－5.83% to－4.91%) globally, and－7.13% (95% CI:－9.07% to－5.14%) for high-SDI regions (all P<0.001). The AAPC for ASDR were－10.41% (95% CI:－11.01% to－9.79%),－5.40% (95% CI:－5.82% to－4.97%), and－7.09% (95% CI:－9.70% to－4.41%) for China, the global average, and high-SDI regions, respectively, with the most pronounced decline occurring between 2019 and 2021 (ASMR decreased by 53.33%, 45.81%, and 61.31%, while ASDR declined by 52.50%, 44.54%, and 58.88% in China, globally, and in high-SDI regions, respectively). In 2021, both China and high-SDI regions exhibited declining mortality and DALY rates for RSV-LRTI with increasing age among children under one year, while neonates younger than 28 days consistently demonstrated the highest burden metrics. The rate of decline was comparable between China and high-SDI regions, with both exceeding the global average. Furthermore, from 1990 to 2021, male infants under one year of age in China, globally, and in high-SDI regions consistently showed higher overall trends in deaths, mortality rates, DALY, and DALY rates for RSV-LRTI compared to female infants. Conclusions:Although China's RSV-LRTI disease burden in infants under one year remains lower than global levels but higher than high-SDI regions, the country achieved reduction rates comparable to high-SDI regions, exceeding global averages. RSV-LRTI continue to pose significant health threats to neonates and male infants, necessitating age-specific and sex-specific prevention strategies.

Sepsis is a common critical illness in clinical practice,characterized by rapid progression and high mortality.Its complex pathogenesis remains a major focus and challenge in the field of critical care medicine.Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)is one of the most frequent and severe complications of sepsis,featuring systemic activation of the coagulation cascade and microthrombus formation,significantly increasing the mortality.Coagulation factorⅫ(FⅫ),a serine protease,is considered to have therapeutic potential for thrombosis without impairing normal hemostasis.Study reveal that neutrophil extracellular trap(NET),web-like DNA structures released through a unique process known as NETosis,provide negatively charged scaffolds that promote FⅫ binding and activation,thus triggering the intrinsic coagulation cascade and contributing to a hypercoagulable state.In recent years,increasing attention has been paid to the interaction between NET and FⅫ in sepsis complicated with DIC.These 2 factors play central roles in intravascular thrombus formation and coagulation activation.Beyond their antimicrobial function,NET can aggravate tissue injury and coagulation abnormalities by releasing proinflammatory mediators such as myeloperoxidase(MPO),neutrophil elastase(NE),and reactive oxygen species(ROS).FⅫ activation can further trigger the kallikrein-kinin system(KKS)and activate FⅪ,amplifying inflammation and thrombosis in a vicious cycle.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as a key component of Chinese medical heritage,has demonstrated unique advantages in managing sepsis and its complications.Based on therapeutic principles such as"strengthening healthy qi and eliminating pathogenic factors"and"tonifying qi and activating blood circulation",TCM is believed to regulate immune function and correct coagulation disorders,thereby interfering with the hypercoagulable state mediated by NET and FⅫ,slowing the progression of DIC,and improving clinical outcomes.Several herbs,including Salvia miltiorrhiza,Astragalus membranaceus,Rheum officinale,Ligusticum chuanxiong,and Curcuma longa,have shown anticoagulant,antiplatelet,and anti-inflammatory properties.In addition,compound formulations such as Xuebijing injection and Qingwen Baidu decoction have demonstrated clinical efficacy in improving coagulation parameters,reducing D-dimer levels,and protecting organ function.Although current evidence on the effects of TCM on NET formation and FⅫactivation is still limited,its potential mechanisms and clinical value warrant further investigation.This review summarizes the critical roles and interplay of FⅫand NET in sepsis complicated with DIC and discusses the advances in TCM-based interventions,aiming to provide new perspectives for mechanism-oriented research and integrative therapeutic strategies.

Objective:To analyze the disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)- associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in Chinese children under one year of age from 1990 to 2021.Methods:Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database ( https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/), we calculated deaths, mortality, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), disability- adjusted life years (DALYs), DALY rates, and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) to assess the disease burden of RSV-associated LRTI in Chinese children under one year of age. Joinpoint regression modeling was employed to analyze temporal trends in disease burden in China from 1990 to 2021, with stratification by time, age, and sex. Comparisons were made with global and high socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. Results:In 2021, there were 324 deaths (95% UI: 179-539) from RSV-LRTI in Chinese infants under one year of age, with a mortality rate of 2.82 per 100 000 (95% UI: 1.55-4.69), ASMR of 0.10 per 100 000 (95% UI: 0.06-0.16), DALYs of 29 131.28 years (95% UI: 16 050.27-48 398.30), DALY rate of 253.56 per 100 000 (95% UI: 139.70-421.26), and ASDR of 6.70 per 100 000 (95% UI: 3.72-11.12). All metrics were lower than global levels but significantly higher than high-SDI regions. From 1990 to 2021, substantial reductions were observed in deaths, mortality rates, DALYs, and DALY rates of RSV-LRTI among children under one year of age in China, globally, and in high-SDI regions. China achieved ASMR and ASDR reductions of－95.91% (95% CI:－97.75% to－92.96%) and－96.70% (95% CI:－98.19% to－94.33%), comparable to high-SDI regions but exceeding global averages. Joinpoint analysis showed average annual percentage changes (AAPC) in ASMR of－9.80% (95% CI:－10.45% to－9.14%) for China,－5.38% (95% CI:－5.83% to－4.91%) globally, and－7.13% (95% CI:－9.07% to－5.14%) for high-SDI regions (all P<0.001). The AAPC for ASDR were－10.41% (95% CI:－11.01% to－9.79%),－5.40% (95% CI:－5.82% to－4.97%), and－7.09% (95% CI:－9.70% to－4.41%) for China, the global average, and high-SDI regions, respectively, with the most pronounced decline occurring between 2019 and 2021 (ASMR decreased by 53.33%, 45.81%, and 61.31%, while ASDR declined by 52.50%, 44.54%, and 58.88% in China, globally, and in high-SDI regions, respectively). In 2021, both China and high-SDI regions exhibited declining mortality and DALY rates for RSV-LRTI with increasing age among children under one year, while neonates younger than 28 days consistently demonstrated the highest burden metrics. The rate of decline was comparable between China and high-SDI regions, with both exceeding the global average. Furthermore, from 1990 to 2021, male infants under one year of age in China, globally, and in high-SDI regions consistently showed higher overall trends in deaths, mortality rates, DALY, and DALY rates for RSV-LRTI compared to female infants. Conclusions:Although China's RSV-LRTI disease burden in infants under one year remains lower than global levels but higher than high-SDI regions, the country achieved reduction rates comparable to high-SDI regions, exceeding global averages. RSV-LRTI continue to pose significant health threats to neonates and male infants, necessitating age-specific and sex-specific prevention strategies.

Objective To establish an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)method for the detection of 34 prohibited and restricted pesticide residues in Atractylodes,and 21 batches of commercially available Atractylodes were detected to preliminarily investigate the pesticide residues in commercial Atractylodes.Methods The samples were extracted with pure acetonitrile,the extracts were purified by Waters-HLB 3cc(60 mg)solid phase extraction column,separated by Waters-C18 column,0.1%formic acid water(containing 10 mmol/L ammonium formate)and acetonitrile were used as mobile phases(gradient elution),and quantitatively analyzed by external standard method in multi-reaction monitoring positive ion mode according to the retention time.Results The linear relationship of each component was good in their respective concentration ranges,the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.998 0.The limits of detection were within 0.8-4.0 μg/kg,and the limits of quantification were within 2.0-10.0 μg/kg.The average recovery rate was 74.1%-97.4%,and RSD was 0.6%-6.4%(n=9).Seven pesticide residues were found in 13 batches of 21 Atractylodes macrocephalus samples.Conclusion This method is simple to operate,accurate in quantification,has high recovery rate and good repeatability,and is suitable for the detection of multiple residues of prohibited and restricted pesticides in Atractylodes.

Objective:To investigate the incidence and treatment of gastric cancer in 16 medical centers in Tianjin from 2020 to 2021.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 3 122 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery in 16 medical centers, including Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, et al, in Tianjin from 2020 to 2021 were collected. There were 2 112 males and 1 010 females, aged (64±11)years. Observation indicators: (1) general data of patients; (2) treatment situations; (3) postoperative complications. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were descri-bed as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted by the chi-square test. Results:(1) General data of patients. From 2020 to 2021, a total of 3 122 gastric cancer patients received surgeries in 16 medical centers in Tianjin, including 2 112 males and 1 010 females. There were 1 443 cases in 2020, including 976 males and 467 females, aged (63±11) years. There were 1 679 cases in 2021, including 1 136 males and 543 females, aged (65±11) years. Of the 3 122 pati-ents, cases in stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ were 696, 667, 1 466, 293, accounting for 22.293%(696/3 122), 21.365%(667/3 122), 46.957%(1 466/3 122), 9.385%(293/3 122), respectively. Cases with early gastric cancer, locally advanced gastric cancer, advanced gastric cancer account for 17.265%(539/3 122), 73.350%(2 290/3 122), 9.385%(293/3 122). There were 2 829 patients without distant metastasis and 293 patients with distant metastasis. For the 2 829 patients without distant metas-tasis, cases in stage T1, T2, T3, T4a, T4b accounted for 19.053%(539/2 829), 12.089%(342/2 829), 20.148%(570/2 829), 41.499%(1 174/2 829), 7.211%(204/2 829)respectively, cases in stage N0, N1, N2, N3 account for 37.328%(1 056/2 829), 16.331%(462/2 829), 15.836%(448/2 829), 30.505%(863/2 829). For the 293 advanced gastric cancer patients with distant metastasis, 190 cases had peri-toneal metastasis, 47 cases had lymph node metastasis, 27 cases had ovarian metastasis, 37 cases had liver metastasis, 14 cases had other metastasis (some patients had ≥2 distant metastases). (2) Treatment situations. ① For the 539 with early gastric cancer, cases undergoing endoscopic submu-cosal dissection, laparoscopic surgery, open surgery were 22, 150, 86 in 2020, versus 19, 212, 50 in 2021, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=19.42, P<0.05). For the 498 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic or open surgery, cases undergoing open surgery including total gastrectomy, distal gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy were 25, 81, 30, and cases undergoing laparoscopic surgery including total gastrectomy, distal gastrectomy, proximal gastrec-tomy were 18, 309, 35, respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=40.62, P<0.05). For the 2 290 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, cases undergoing open surgery and laparoscopic surgery were 446 and 617 in 2020, versus 410 and 817 in 2021, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=17.75, P<0.05). For the 2 290 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, cases undergoing open surgery including total gastrectomy, distal gastrectomy, proxi-mal gastrectomy were 336, 377, 143, and cases undergoing laparoscopic surgery including total gastrectomy, distal gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy were 377, 920, 137, respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=89.64, P<0.05). Of the 293 patients with advanced gastric cancer, 175 cases underwent surgeries due to hemorrhage, stenosis, perforation, 76 cases under-went surgery after chemotherapy, 42 cases underwent surgery directly. ② For 756 cases of 3 122 pati-ents undergoing total gastrectomy, 357 and 4 cases received open digestive tract reconstruction including Roux-en-Y and other anastomosis, versus 380 and 15 cases with laparoscopic digestive tract reconstruction including Roux-en-Y and other anastomosis, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=5.57, P<0.05). For 1 687 cases undergoing distal gastrectomy, 84, 160, 158, 55 cases received open digestive tract reconstruction including Billroth Ⅰ anastomosis, Billroth Ⅱ + Braun anastomosis, Roux-en-Y anastomosis, uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis, versus 154, 489, 417, 170 cases with laparoscopic digestive tract reconstruction including Billroth Ⅰ anastomosis, Billroth Ⅱ + Braun anastomosis, Roux-en-Y anastomosis, uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=10.90, P<0.05) . Of the 539 patients with early gastric cancer, 65 cases had lymph node metastasis, in which 18 of 306 stage T1a cases had lymph node metastasis and 47 of 233 stage T1b cases had lymph node metastasis. The number of detected lymph nodes for the 2 290 patients with advanced gastric cancer was 31±15, including ≥16 for 2 059 cases and ≥30 for 1 276 cases. Of the 3 122 patients, cases with neoadjuvant therapy, complete response and incomplete response was 128, 13 and 115 in 2020, versus 250, 49 and 201 in 2021, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=5.51, P<0.05). (3) Postoperative complications. Of the 3 122 patients, 746 cases had postoperative complications, with an incidence of 23.895%(746/3 122). There were 62 patients with grade 3 or more complications. Reoperation was conducted in 34 patients. There were 14 cases of postoperative death. The duration of postoperative hospital stay and hospital expense were (11±5)days and (98 114±46 598)yuan for the 3 122 patients, (26±14)days and (122 066±68 317)yuan for cases with complications, (40±21)days and (196 926±12 747)yuan for cases with grade 3 or more complications. Conclusion:Compared with 2020, cases undergoing laparoscopic surgery and distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in Tianjin increases in 2021, and the digestive tract reconstruction also differs. The number of patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and complete response rate for advanced gastric cancer increases.

Objective To investigate the influences of exposure to different environmental microbes on early-life gut microbiota colonization in mice.Methods Male (n=8) and female (n=16) adult specific pathogen free (SPF) BALB/c mice were caged together at a ratio of 2:l.After conception,the mice were divided into four groups according to the environments where the offsprings were reared at three different periods (fetal period,breastfeeding period and childhood).Group A:Offsprings were kept in a SPF environment throughout the study;group B:SPF environment during fetal and breastfeeding periods,and then ordinary environment during childhood;group C:SPF environment during fetal period,and then ordinary environment during breastfeeding period and childhood;group D:ordinary environment all the time.Fecal samples were collected at the end of week 3 and 5.Total bacterial DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed by high throughput analysis.Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn-Bonferroni test were applied for statistical anaysis.Results 1.At the end of three weeks:(1) Diversity:① Phylum level:There were significant differences in the abundance of Firmicutes,Verrucomicrobia,Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria among the four group (all P＜0.01).Compared with group C and D,group A and B showed significantly decreased abundance of Firmicutes [30.876(23.448-41.218)× 10-2,3.317(1.116-4.641) 10-2 vs 71.936(53.587-86.713)× 10-2,79.105(56.305-82.736)× 10-2],but increased abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria [Verrucomicrobia:17.249(9.748-35.106)× 10-2,58.883(0.017-6.047)× 10-2 vs 0.152(0.066-1.890)× 10-2,0.003(0.000-0.016)× 10-2;Proteobacteria:12.640(0.336-15.070)× 10-2,3.653(3.362-4.5955)× 10-2 vs 0.219(0.134-0.325)× 10-2,0.124(0.116-0.165) × 10-2,all P＜0.05 or 0.01].② Genus level:There were significant differences in the abundance of Lactobacillus,Akkermansia and Bacteroides among the four groups (all P＜0.01).Compared with group C and D,group A and B showed significantly decreased abundance of Lactobacillus [19.283(8.618-31.541)× 10-2,0.339(0.264-22.278) × 10-2 vs 58.414(34.874-71.942)× 10-2,66.007(55.141-76.940)× 10-2],but increased abundance of Akkermansia,Bacteroides and Klebsiella [Akkermansia:17.247(9.748-35.106)× 10-2,58.883(0.017-60.475)× 10-2 vs 0.152(0.066-1.890)× 10-2,0.003(0.000-0.017)× 10-2;Bacteroides:3.978(0.683-25.171)× 10-2,8.216(6.023-9.946)× 10-2 vs 0.141(0.061-0.281)× 10-2,0.568(0.149-1.455)× 10-2;Klebsiella:0.209(0.050-8.888)× 10-2,1.402(0.865-1.692)× 10-2 vs 0.003(0.000-0.039) 10-2,0.000(0.000 0.001)× 10-2,all P＜0.05 or 0.01].(2) Alpha diversity:Significant differences were found in operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and Chaol index (P＜0.05),but not in Shannon index among the four groups (P＞0.05).The OTUs of group A and B were significantly lower than that of group D [246(221-348),257(209-280) vs 387(324-478),P=0.045 and 0.008,respectively].2.At the end of five weeks:(1) Diversity:① Phylum level:There were significant differences in the abundance of Firmicutes,Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria among the four groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The abundance of Firmicutes in gut microbiota in group A was lower than that in group B,C and D [13.765(64.181-24.238)× 10-2 vs 48.912(37.280-59.466)× 10-2,86.065(50.149-89.856) × 10-2,53.847(31.946-72.936) × 10-2],while that of Verrucomicrobia was higher [58.089(22.459-61.285)× 10-2 vs 0.001(0.000-0.005)× 10-2,0.000(0.000-0.001)× 10-2,0.003(0.000-0.006)× 10-2],all P＜0.05 or 0.01.② Genus level:There were significant differences in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia among the four groups (P＜0.01).The abundance of Lactobacillus in gut microbiota in group A was lower than that in group B,C and D[1.755(0.805-8.833)× 10-2 vs 26.391(17.550-37.265)× 10-2,70.688(45.713-77.953) × 10-2,28.675 (15.660-57.224) × 10-2],while that of Akkermansia was higher [58.089(22.460-61.285)× 10-2 vs 0.000(0.000-0.006)× 10-2,0.000(0.000-0.001)× 10-2,0.003(0.000-0.006)× 10-2,all P＜0.05 or 0.01].(2) Alpha diversity:There were significant differences in OTU,Chaol and Shannon index among the four groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The OTU of group A was lower than that of group B,C and D [268(241-410) vs 438(380-516),562(533-588),546(473-599)],and the OTU,Chaol and Shannon index of group B were all lower than those of group C and D [OTU:438(380-516) vs 562(533-588),546(473-599);Chaol index:1 033(883-1 181) vs 1 285(1 220-1 338),1 328(1 155-1 516);Shannon index:3.85(3.25-4.50) vs 4.28(3.30-5.11),4.17(3.62-4.38),all P＜0.05 or 0.01].Conclusions Early-life exposure to different environments has an obvious impact on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in mice.The less clean the living environment is,the more diverse the gut microflora will be.Furthermore,the window of opportunity for gut microbiota colonization seems to be related to breastfeeding period.

We reported a case of infectious endocarditis in second trimester of a twin pregnancy. The patient was admitted for "recurrent fever for 5 weeks and left limb hemiplegia for 2 weeks" at 27+2 gestational weeks and underwent aortic biovalve replacement and periaortic valve abscess isolation. Warfarin was given to anticoagulant after operation. The pregnancy was terminated by cesarean section at 35+2 gestational weeks. She and her infants recovered after operation. Clinical manifestations of gestational infectious endocarditis are insidious. Diagnosis promptly and treatment by multidisciplinary collaboration is indispensable.

Kandelia obovata Sheue, Liu & Yong, a mangrove species which distributed in tropical, subtropical coastal and estuarine intertidal, has important ecological functions in coastal ecosystems. Here, we reviewed several aspects of the recent research progress in molecular biological studies of K. obovata. We focused the phylogeography and genetic diversity of this species by several types of molecular markers, proteome analyses based on two-dimensional electrophoresis platform accomplished for this species, and functional genes isolated under non-biotic stress environment. Finally, based on the current research progress, we proposed some orientations for future molecular biological research on K. obovata.

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of psoralen and isopsoralen in Qianggu Capsules.Methods An Agilent C18(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m)column was used.The methyl-water(45:55) was used as the mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL?min-1.The determination wavelength was at 246 nm.Results The linear range was 0.08～0.80 ?g,for psoralen,r=0.999 8,the average recovery rate was 99.3 %,RSD=1.4 %(n=5),and for isopsoralen,r=0.999 9,the average recovery rate was 98.5 %,RSD=0.8 %(n=5).The linear equation was Y=7 365.9X-102.7 for psoralen and Y=7 556.0X-65.3 for isopsoralen.Conclusion The method is simple,reliable,accurate,and can be applied to control the quality of Qianggu Capsules.