Objective:To investigate gender differences in arterial velocity pulse index(AVI), which is an indicator of vascular stiffness, across various age groups.Additionally, the study will also examine the risk factors associated with AVI.Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled 4311 patients with an average age of 57.8±12.8 years at Jiading Branch of Shanghai First People's Hospital between August 2020 and September 2021.Patients were divided into three groups based on age: young(<45 years old, n=755), middle-aged(45-59 years old, n=1260), and elderly(≥60 years old, n=2 296). The AVI of the subject was obtained using the cuff oscillation wave method.The subject's AVI was acquired using the cuff oscillation wave.High AVI, indicating arteriosclerosis, was defined as AVI≥33.The subjects were then divided into two groups: the high AVI group(122 cases)and the normal AVI group(4 189 cases).Results:The ankle-brachial index(AVI)was found to be 12.8±3.7, 17.5±5.7, and 19.8±6.5 in the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups, respectively.The study revealed that AVI increased with age( Ftrend=767.819, P<0.01). Additionally, the incidence of high AVI in middle-aged women was found to be(2.8% or 20/722), which was higher than that in men 0.9%(5/538)in the same age group.This difference was statistically significant( χ2=5.371, P<0.05). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicate that being overweight, having a higher height, and a pulse rate greater than 80 BPM are protective factors in preventing a high incidence of AVI.The odds ratios( OR)with 95% confidence intervals( CI)for these factors were 0.468(0.317-0.690), 0.926(0.895-0.958), and 0.143(1.026-2.432), respectively, all with a P-value less than 0.01.On the other hand, old age, systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher, and diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher were identified as risk factors for AVI.The ORs with 95% CIs for these factors were 2.119(1.322-3.396), 6.652(4.136-10.699), and 1.580(1.026-2.432), respectively, all with a P- value less than 0.05l. Conclusions:Arterial stiffness, as measured by the ankle-brachial index(ABI), tends to increase with age.In middle-aged subjects, women have a higher incidence of high ABI than men.Independent risk factors for high ABI include age and increased blood pressure, while factors such as overweight and height may affect the measured value of ABI.

Objective:To understand the prevalence of human parechovirus (HPeV) in neonates of Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, and analyze genetic evolutionary characteristics.Methods:From June to September 2021, fecal samples of inpatient neonates were collected in Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital. TaqMan real-time qPCR and RT-PCR were used for HPeV screening and genotyping. High-throughput sequencing and PCR were used to obtain whole genomes. Phylogenetic analysis was performed after sequencing.Results:A total of 123 fecal samples of neonates were collected, of which 22 were HPeV positive, with 17.89% positive rate. All the strains belonged to the HPeV-1 genotype. One full-length genomic sequence of 7 269 bp were obtained, and provisionally named Hunan/HPeV/2021, which has the highest nucleotide identity with known HPeV-1 genotype, with 86.6%-91.9% nucleotide identity. The nucleotide and amino acid identity of open reading frame (ORF) with known similar sequences were 90.3%-92.6% and 97.3%-98.3%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Hunan/HPeV/2021 belongs to the HPeV-1 genotype, which is clustered into the same clade as the popular HPeV-1 strains in China.Conclusions:HPeV has a high prevalence in inpatient neonates of Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital and belong to the HPeV-1 genotype.

Objective: To investigate the association between body mass index ( BMI ) and mortality risk among older Chinese based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( CHARLS ). Methods: The demographic features, BMI, prevalence of chronic diseases and mortality among the elderly at ages of 60 years and greater were captured from the CHARLS database from 2011 to 2018. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the association between BMI and the risk of death. Results: Totally 6 023 subjects were enrolled, including 3 006 men ( 50.09% ) and 3 017 women ( 49.91% ), and 68.69% of the participants ( 4 137 subjects ) were at ages of 60 to 69 years. There were 637 subjects ( 10.58% ) with underweight, 1 544 ( 25.63% ) with overweight, and 557 ( 9.25% ) with obesity. During the follow-up period ( 35 091 person-years ), 1 035 subjects died. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed an increased risk of mortality among the underweight elderly ( HR=1.496, 95%CI: 1.261-1.775 ) and a reduced risk of mortality among the obese elderly ( HR=0.671, 95%CI: 0.511-0.881 ) relative to the elderly with normal weight, after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, household registration, administration of anti-diabetic drugs, administration of anti-dyslipidemia drugs, and administration of anti-hypertensive drugs. Conclusion It is found that the risk of mortality among the Chinese elderly correlatives with BMI through the analysis of CHARLS data.

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of children with adenovirus pneumonia complicated with liver injury and the understanding of clinicians.Methods:The children diagnosed with community-acquired adenovirus pneumonia were enrolled from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020. The clinical characteristics of the normal liver function group and the liver injured group were compared, and multivariate regression was applied.Results:Among the 3 294 enrolled children, 1 704 children had elevated alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase on admission, and the liver function impairment rate was 51.7% (1 704/3 294), of which 1 671 cases were mildly injured (98.06%, 1 671/1 704), 28 cases were moderately injured (1.64%, 28/1 704), and 5 cases were severely injured (0.29%, 5/1 704). Compared with the normal liver function group, the proportion of male children in the liver injured group was higher (68.1% vs. 64.2%, P=0.017), and the age was younger[16(9, 30) months vs. 38(19, 53) months, P<0.001]. Children with liver injury were more likely to have wheezing (32.9% vs. 18.7%, P<0.001), shortness of breath (13.7% vs. 9.1%, P<0.001), and diarrhea (11.0% vs. 4.7%, P<0.001). The white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts and hemoglobin in the liver injured group were lower than those in the normal group, while the lymphocyte counts were higher than those in the normal group. The levels of creatine kinase, cardiac creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were higher. The proportion of severe pneumonia in the liver injured group (26.9% vs. 11.2%, P<0.001) was higher than that in the normal liver function group, and the case fatality rate was significantly higher (1.47% vs. 0.25%, P<0.001). Comparing the probability of liver injury in children with mild and severe adenovirus pneumonia, it was found that the severe pneumonia group had more frequent liver injury (73.0% vs 46.6%, P<0.001), and both moderate and severe liver injury groups were higher than in the mild group. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis did not find a significant factor associated with the incidence of liver injury. Conclusions:The incidence of adenovirus pneumonia in children with liver injury was high, and mild injury is more common. Children with liver injury were younger, had more severe clinical symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath, and higher proportion of severe pneumonia and mortality. Among them, children with severe pneumonia had a higher proportion of liver injury, and moderate to severe injury was more common. The monitoring of children with different degrees of liver injury should be strengthened.

This paper reports 3 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown cause in children who met the case definition of WHO. Human adenovirus group C was detected in case 3, and the quantity of viral DNA was relatively high, which may be related to the liver function damage in the patient, but its role in pathogenesis needs further study to confirm.

Objective:To establish an index system of population based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening, and provide reference to determine the screening coverage appropriately.Methods:The literature review and brain storming sessions were used to develop the basic frame and index system of population based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening. Based on Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process, 21 domestic experts were selected for two rounds of consultation to determine the index system of population based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening and its weight.Results:The positive indexes of experts in two rounds of consultations were both 100%. The experts' authority coefficients ( Cr) were 0.88±0.08 and 0.89±0.07, respectively. And the range of coefficient of variation ( CV) were (0.08, 0.24), (0.09, 0.25). The Kendall's W coordination coefficients were 0.34 and 0.22 respectively, which were statistically significant. The index system of population based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening was established, which had 4 first-level indexes, 11 second-level indexes and 58 third-level indexes. Besides, the weight of each index was determined. Conclusion:The index system of population based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening has been established, which can provide scientific reference for the health administration to determine the coverage of population based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening when local COVID-19 epidemic occurs.

Objective:To explore the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Changsha, and provide scientific basis for disease prevention and treatment.Methods:A total of 1 092 respiratory tract specimens of children were collected and 12 respiratory viruses were detected by real-time quantitative transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results:Among the samples from 1 092 cases, those from 437 cases (40%) were positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 337 cases (30.9%) were positive for parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3), 263 cases (24.1%) were positive for human bocavirus (HBOV) and 228 cases (20.8%) were positive for adenovirus (ADV). The detection rates of boys and girls were 82.26% and 83.42%. The infection rate of RSV was higher in the group ≤ 6 months of age, the infection rates of PIV-3 and HBOV ≤2 years old were higher, and the infection rate of ADV was higher in the group between 6 months to 5 years old. The detection rates of virus infection of spring, summer, autumn and winter were 90.48%, 83.50%, 62.26% and 82.80%, respectively, there were significant differences among them.Conclusions:The main viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Changsha were RSV and PIV-3. Mixed infections were common. Children under 2 years of age were more likely to get acute lower respiratory infections. Viruses had seasonal trends and peaked in winter and spring.

Objective: To investigate the human bocavirus (HBoV) infection in the children diagnosed with brochiolitis, incomparison with the clinical characteristics of bronchiolitis of HBoV vs. respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection alone. Methods: A total of 396 throat swabs were obtained from children diagnosed with bronchiolitis from January 2015 to December 2016 in Pediatric Asthma Center of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou. Specimens were tested for the nucleic acids of HBoV, RSV and other 6 common respiratory viruses by nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR() and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the epidemic status, clinical characteristics of HBoV and RSV were analyzed and compared with each other. Results: The positive rate of virus infection was 53.54%, and HBoV and RSV infections were 9.84% and 24.49% in 396 cases. The numbers of cases of HBoV single infection, RSV single infection, HBoV and RSV mixed infection were 29, 86 and 5. The number of boys infected with HBoV was 27. There was statistical significance in the difference between the genders. The statistical significance also existed in difference of age. The babies at ages ranging from 6 to 12 months had the hifgest positive rate. The first incidence peak of the infection of HBoV was in October 2015. The children with HBoV infection, compared with RSV patients, presented more often with vomiting, diarrhea (P<0.05), while symptoms such as the occurrence of dyspnea, hypoxemia and the hospitalization time were all lower. Conclusions HBoV is one of the possible causes of brochiolitis in infants, its infection distributed over the whole year. The clinical symptoms, laboratory and radio-graphic changes are similar between the HBoV and RSV infections, the only difference was that the HBoV infection was comparatively mild.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Coronavirus HKU1 (Human CoV-HKU1) and NL63 (Human CoV-NL63) in children with acute respiratory tract infection in Nanjing. Methods: From August 2009 to July 2011, 1 286 respiratory samples were collected from the outpatient and hospitalized children in the Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect HCoV-HKU1 and NL63 genes, besides, positive samples were used for common respiratory virus screening. The positive amplification products were cloned, sequenced, homologous and phylogenetic analysis was conducted by molecular biological method . Results: The detection rate of HCoV-HKU1 was 1.1% (14/1 286), the positive sequences shared a 98.2%-100% nucleotide identity with the HCoV-HKU1 strains and mixed infection rate was 92.9%. The main clinical diagnoses were bronchitis, bronchopneumonia and bronchiolitis. The clinical manifestations were cough, fever, wheezing. The detection rate of HCoV-NL63 was 1.5% (19/1 286), the positive sequences shared a 95.6%-100% nucleotide identity with the HCoV-NL63 strains and mixed infection rate were 63.2%. The main clinical diagnosis were acute upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia. The clinical manifestations were fever, cough, expectoration. No deaths were found in both HCoV-HKU1 and NL63 infections. Conclusions From August 2009 to July 2011, HCoV-HKU1 and NL63 were detected in children with respiratory tract infection in Nanjing area. HCoV-HKU1 infected cases were lower respiratory tract infection, epidemic in winter and spring, infected cases were mainly under 1 years of age, HCoV-NL63 infected cases including upper respiratory and lower respiratory tract infection, epidemic in the season of summer and autumn. The infected cases were mainly at the age rank from 1 year to 3 years. The clinical manifestations of children infected with coronavirus HKU1 and NL63 are not specificity.

Objective To understand the current prevalence of clonorchiasis in Jiangxi Province. Methods A survey was performed according to the scheme of the 3rd Principal Human Parasites of Jiangxi Province. Based on the ecological regions,a stratified cluster sampling method was applied by the economic and geographic situation. In rural areas,the investigation of C. si?nensis was carried out together with the soil?transmitted helminths investigation,and in the urban areas,the random cluster sam?pling method was applied for the C. sinensis investigation. There were 92 survey sites from 32 counties. The eggs of C. sinensis in stool were examined by Kato?Katz technique,and health knowledge was also investigated by questionnaires in some people at the same time. Results A total of 23 606 sample residents were investigated,and 138 were found infected with C. sinensis, with the infection rate of 0.58%. Light infection was found in most of them. Totally 124 C. sinensis infected persons focused in Xinfeng County,and only a few of infected people scattered in the other counties. In Xinfeng County,851 residents were investi?gated. Among them,the infected people were found in all the age groups except the 0?year age group. The highest infection rate appeared in the 70? years group(24.00%). The male infection rate was 20.29%,which was higher than that of the female (6.25%),showing a statistically significant difference(P<0.01). The infection rate was highest in the population who received high school or technical secondary school education(31.48%). For the occupation distribution,the infection rate was highest in public officers(39.39%). The questionnaire survey showed that the infection rate in the populations in Xinfeng County who had the history of eating raw fish or raw shrimp was 33.15%. Conclusions The distribution of C. sinensis infection presents a region?al aggregation in Xinfeng County,but in other areas,the distribution is sporadic. It is necessary to continue to carry out the para?sitic disease screening,and in Xinfeng County,it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control interven?tion.