Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of electromyographic(EMG)tremor indicators for Parkinson's disease(PD)using the Logistic regression model.Methods A total of 65 patients with PD(PD group)and 39 patients with essential tremor(ET)(ET group)were enrolled and underwent EMG tremor analysis.General information,disease-related data,and EMG tremor characteristics were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to screen for independent influencing factors of PD,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted.The area under the curve(AUC)was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of EMG tremor indicators for PD.Results Compared with the ET group,the PD group had a higher proportion of patients with unilateral onset and those with tremor spectrum frequency≥2 times,and a lower proportion of patients with a family history of tremor(P＜0.05).The tremor peak frequencies in the resting,postural,and weight-bearing(1 000 g)states were lower in the PD group than in the ET group(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the tremor rhythm patterns between the two groups in the resting and weight-bearing states(P＜0.05),with the PD group dominated by alternating contraction patterns and the ET group by synchronous contraction pat-terns.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the tremor peak frequency in the weight-bearing state,the tremor rhythm pattern in the resting state,and the frequency of tremor spectrum were independent influencing factors of PD(P＜0.05).The ROC curves showed that the AUCs of the tremor peak frequency in the weight-bearing state,the tremor rhythm pattern in the resting state,and the frequency of tremor spectrum for diagnosing PD were 0.886,0.750,and 0.779,respec-tively.The combination of these three indicators yielded the highest AUC(0.936)for diagnosing PD,with a sensitivity of 81.54％and a specificity of 94.87％.Conclusion The tremor peak fre-quency in the weight-bearing state,the tremor rhythm pattern in the resting state,and the frequency of tremor spectrum provided by EMG tremor analysis can serve as clinical indicators for early diagno-sis of PD,and their combined use offers higher diagnostic value,which can be used to differentiate PD from ET.

Objective:Due to the large number of patents, wide distribution of technical fields, limited management resources, differences in the nature of different patent holders and so on, this study aims to find a fast and reliable evaluation mechanism for identifying the quality and transfer potential of patents supported by the fund.Methods:Through literature review, expert consultation, analysis and discussion of existing mechanisms and technical issues in the field of patent evaluation, we further determined patent evaluation mechanisms and their primary indicators with better applicability.Results:A drafting mechanism was proposed, that patents which had not yet found evidence of fatal evaluation or have abandoned evaluation can be temporarily given a reliable quality evaluation.Conclusions:Compared with high cost methods such as patent invalidation or infringement investigation, there are more economical and efficient negative evaluation indicators, which make different evaluation tool users to believe that patents do not have conversion value when negative evidence is found. It can also enable different evaluation tool users to temporarily give reliable evaluations of patent conversion prospects based on a hypothetical mechanism without discovering negative evidence temporarily. This evaluation mechanism is suitable for assessing patent quality and conversion potential, and is more scientific and efficient.

Objective:Due to the large number of patents, wide distribution of technical fields, limited management resources, differences in the nature of different patent holders and so on, this study aims to find a fast and reliable evaluation mechanism for identifying the quality and transfer potential of patents supported by the fund.Methods:Through literature review, expert consultation, analysis and discussion of existing mechanisms and technical issues in the field of patent evaluation, we further determined patent evaluation mechanisms and their primary indicators with better applicability.Results:A drafting mechanism was proposed, that patents which had not yet found evidence of fatal evaluation or have abandoned evaluation can be temporarily given a reliable quality evaluation.Conclusions:Compared with high cost methods such as patent invalidation or infringement investigation, there are more economical and efficient negative evaluation indicators, which make different evaluation tool users to believe that patents do not have conversion value when negative evidence is found. It can also enable different evaluation tool users to temporarily give reliable evaluations of patent conversion prospects based on a hypothetical mechanism without discovering negative evidence temporarily. This evaluation mechanism is suitable for assessing patent quality and conversion potential, and is more scientific and efficient.

Objective To study the accuracy of traditional basilar membrane displacement evaluation criteria for evaluating hearing compensation performance of round window-stimulated middle ear implant, so as to provide the theoretical basis for performance evaluation of round window-stimulated middle ear implant. Methods An acoustic microscopic finite element model of cochlea was constructed based on experimental data of the cochlea geometry. Reliability of this model was verified by comparison with experimental measurement values of inner hair cell, outer hair cell, tectorial membrane displacement. Based on this model, the displacement of basilar membrane and the stereocilia shear displacement of inner hair cells under forward stimulation and round-window stimulation were comparatively analyzed. Using the stereocilia shear displacement of inner hair cells as the criterion for sense of sound, the equivalent sound pressure level (SPL) deviation under round-window stimulation was studied when using traditional basilar membrane displacement as evaluation criterion. Results At 5 kHz characteristic frequency of the studied slice of cochlea, under sound pressures with the same amplitude, the displacement of basilar membrane and the stereocilia shear displacement of inner hair cells under round-window stimulation were lower than that under forward stimulation. Conclusions Under forward stimulation, the inner hair cells were more excited and the performance for sense of sound was better than that under round-window stimulation. Concurrently, using the displacement of basilar membrane under forward stimulation as the criterion of hearing compensation performance would overestimate hearing compensation performance of middle ear implant under round-window stimulation; but the deviation was relatively small, which was a relatively reliable evaluation method.

Objective To discussion the effect of endoscopic single nostril transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection on improving clini-cal symptoms and related quality of life of patients. Methods Selected 114 cases of patients with pituitary tumors in our hospital from August 2013 to August 2015, and randomly divided them into the nasal endoscopic group and the microscopic group according to the random number table,with 57 patients in each group. Patients of the 2 groups were treated with nasal endoscopic and microscopic single nostril transsphenoi-dal pituitary tumor resection respectively. The operation situation,hormone decline,incidence of complications after surgery and SNOT-20 and VAS score of the two groups were compared. Results Operative time of nasal endoscopic group was significantly higher than that in the mi-croscopic group,whlie the blood loss,length of hospital stay in endoscopic group was significantly lower than the microscopic group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The total resection rate of pituitary tumor of the two groups were of no statistically signifi-cance (P>0. 05). One week after operation,cerebrospinal fluid cell count,cerebrospinal fluid protein,adrenocorticotropic hormone,serum chloride,sodium, growth hormone,and prolactin levels of the nasal endoscopic group were lower than the microscopic group (P<0. 05). The complication rate was 14. 9% in the nasal endoscopic group,which was obviously lower than 59. 6% in the microscopic group (P<0. 05). One week after operation,the SNOT-20 scores and VAS scores were increased in both of the two groups,but the microscopic group increased more significantly (P<0. 05). Conclusion Endoscopic single nostril transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection surgery cost longer operation time,but it lead to less trauma and less postoperative complications,which may delay the decline of patients’ quality of life and promote the improvement of prognosis.

Objective To explore Klotho protein in the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Uygur and Han nationalities in Xinjiang.Methods The stratified,random and multistage cluster sampling way was used in MCI epidemiological survey of the elderly residents aged 60 years or over in Xinjiang area,and 161 ones with MCI (Uygur nationality 90 cases,Han nationality 71 cases) and 161 healthy people matched with ethnic,gender and blood pressure were selected (Uygur nationality 88 people,Han nationality 73 people).ELISA was used to detect Klotho protein concentrations in serum.Results The concentration of Klotho protein in MCI group (2 480.12 ± 1 379.05) ng/L was lower than in control group (3 070.34 ± 1 390.53) ng/L (P ＜ 0.05).The concentration of Klotho protein in Han MCI persons (2 810.35 ± 1 417.74) ng/L was lower than Han control group(3 341.87 ± 1 375.47) ng/L(P ＜0.05).The concentration of Klotho protein in Uygur MCI persons (2 215.37 ± 1 297.67) ng/L was lower than Uygur control group(2 840.36 ± 1 361.65) ng/L(P ＜0.05).The concentration of Klotho protein in Uygur MCI group was lower than Han MCI group (P ＜ 0.05).At the same time,the concentration of Klotho protein of Uygur control group was lower than Han control group (P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of Klotho protein was related to MMSE score(rs =0.209,P＜0.05) and age(rs =-0.240,P＜0.05).Conclusions The concentration of Klotho protein may be related to the pathogenesis of MCI.

Objective To explore Klotho protein in the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Uygur and Han nationalities in Xinjiang.Methods The stratified,random and multistage cluster sampling way was used in MCI epidemiological survey of the elderly residents aged 60 years or over in Xinjiang area,and 161 ones with MCI (Uygur nationality 90 cases,Han nationality 71 cases) and 161 healthy people matched with ethnic,gender and blood pressure were selected (Uygur nationality 88 people,Han nationality 73 people).ELISA was used to detect Klotho protein concentrations in serum.Results The concentration of Klotho protein in MCI group (2 480.12 ± 1 379.05) ng/L was lower than in control group (3 070.34 ± 1 390.53) ng/L (P ＜ 0.05).The concentration of Klotho protein in Han MCI persons (2 810.35 ± 1 417.74) ng/L was lower than Han control group(3 341.87 ± 1 375.47) ng/L(P ＜0.05).The concentration of Klotho protein in Uygur MCI persons (2 215.37 ± 1 297.67) ng/L was lower than Uygur control group(2 840.36 ± 1 361.65) ng/L(P ＜0.05).The concentration of Klotho protein in Uygur MCI group was lower than Han MCI group (P ＜ 0.05).At the same time,the concentration of Klotho protein of Uygur control group was lower than Han control group (P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of Klotho protein was related to MMSE score(rs =0.209,P＜0.05) and age(rs =-0.240,P＜0.05).Conclusions The concentration of Klotho protein may be related to the pathogenesis of MCI.