Objective To investigate the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(HF-rTMS)applied to the supplementary motor area(SMA)or primary motor cortex(M1)on upper limb function in stroke patients in terms of motor sequence learning.Methods From April,2024 to February,2025,60 inpatients were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital with Nan-jing Medical University.They were randomly assigned into the control group,SMA group and M1 group,with 20 patients in each group.All the groups received medication and conventional rehabilitation.On this basis,SMA group underwent HF-rTMS on the affected side's SMA,while M1 group received HF-rTMS on the affected side's M1 for two weeks.All the groups were measured with motor evoked potentials(MEP),the serial reaction time(RT)task,Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE)and modified Barthel Index(MBI)before and after intervention.Results The SMA and M1 groups dropped one case respectively.MEP elicitation rate of the affected side's increased in SMA and M1 groups(P<0.05),and it was better than that in the control group(χ2>4.792,P<0.05).The intra-group effects of RTsequential sequence,FMA-UE and MBI scores were significant(|F|>81.546,P<0.05).The inter-group effects of RTrandom sequence,RTsequential sequence,?RT,and MBI scores were significant(F>3.228,P<0.05).The in-teractive effects of RTrandom sequence,RTsequential sequence,?RT,FMA-UE and MBI scores were significant(|F|>3.520,P>0.05).After intervention,RTsequential sequence,?RT,FMA-UE and MBI scores improved(P<0.05).RTrandom sequence was lower in SMA group than in the control group(P<0.017),RTsequential sequence,?RT,FMA-UE and MBI scores im-proved more in SMA and M1 groups than in the control group(P<0.05),but no significant difference was found between the SMA group and the M1 group(P>0.05).Conclusion HF-rTMS applied to the affected SMA or M1 can activate motor sequence learning and promote the recov-ery of upper limb function in stroke patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(HF-rTMS)applied to the supplementary motor area(SMA)or primary motor cortex(M1)on upper limb function in stroke patients in terms of motor sequence learning.Methods From April,2024 to February,2025,60 inpatients were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital with Nan-jing Medical University.They were randomly assigned into the control group,SMA group and M1 group,with 20 patients in each group.All the groups received medication and conventional rehabilitation.On this basis,SMA group underwent HF-rTMS on the affected side's SMA,while M1 group received HF-rTMS on the affected side's M1 for two weeks.All the groups were measured with motor evoked potentials(MEP),the serial reaction time(RT)task,Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE)and modified Barthel Index(MBI)before and after intervention.Results The SMA and M1 groups dropped one case respectively.MEP elicitation rate of the affected side's increased in SMA and M1 groups(P<0.05),and it was better than that in the control group(χ2>4.792,P<0.05).The intra-group effects of RTsequential sequence,FMA-UE and MBI scores were significant(|F|>81.546,P<0.05).The inter-group effects of RTrandom sequence,RTsequential sequence,?RT,and MBI scores were significant(F>3.228,P<0.05).The in-teractive effects of RTrandom sequence,RTsequential sequence,?RT,FMA-UE and MBI scores were significant(|F|>3.520,P>0.05).After intervention,RTsequential sequence,?RT,FMA-UE and MBI scores improved(P<0.05).RTrandom sequence was lower in SMA group than in the control group(P<0.017),RTsequential sequence,?RT,FMA-UE and MBI scores im-proved more in SMA and M1 groups than in the control group(P<0.05),but no significant difference was found between the SMA group and the M1 group(P>0.05).Conclusion HF-rTMS applied to the affected SMA or M1 can activate motor sequence learning and promote the recov-ery of upper limb function in stroke patients.

Objective:To develop an essential version of the Sleep Disorder ICF combination with assessment efficacy based on item response theory(IRT),and provide a basis for the connection between assessment and treat-ment.Method:Based on the sampling principle of the maximum variation strategy,convenience samples were col-lected.The control variables of maximum variation included age,body mass index(BMI),the physical com-ponent summary(PCS)and mental component summary(MCS)of SF-12,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).ICF core set of sleep disorders,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MOCA),Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)were administered to eligible participants.An abridged version of the ICF-based comprehensive core set was conducted for sleep disorders using IRT.Monte Carlo simulation was ap-plied to analyze the relationship between individual functional levels(θ)and item difficulty in person-item maps,and to calculate the degree of benefit from interventions.Result:A 3-parameter logistic model(3PLM)with 34 categories was developed,demonstrating high reliability(internal consistency reliability test results:Cronbach's α=0.9249,Guttman's λ-2=0.9320,MS statistic=0.9398,LCRC=0.9585)and validity(the scores of the 34 ICF categories were significantly correlated with the original ICF scores,PSQI scores,SCL-90 scores,and SF-12 scores,P<0.001).The person-item map was used to match individual sleep-related functional levels(θ)to the item difficulties,distinguishing between the mastered and challenging categories,The degree of benefit was calculated for each matched item,revealing a strong cor-relation between item difficulty and benefit degree(P<0.001,Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.777).Conclusion:This study constructed a parsimonious version of the ICF-based comprehensive core set for sleep disorders with 34 items using IRT.The model can effectively evaluate the sleep-related(including cognitive-be-havioral,psychological-emotional,and social)functional levels in individuals with sleep disorders.The applica-tion of the model analysis further provides a visual tool and the expected benefit after intervention items,which can offer new insights for the rehabilitation of sleep disorders.

Objective:To develop an essential version of the Sleep Disorder ICF combination with assessment efficacy based on item response theory(IRT),and provide a basis for the connection between assessment and treat-ment.Method:Based on the sampling principle of the maximum variation strategy,convenience samples were col-lected.The control variables of maximum variation included age,body mass index(BMI),the physical com-ponent summary(PCS)and mental component summary(MCS)of SF-12,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).ICF core set of sleep disorders,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MOCA),Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)were administered to eligible participants.An abridged version of the ICF-based comprehensive core set was conducted for sleep disorders using IRT.Monte Carlo simulation was ap-plied to analyze the relationship between individual functional levels(θ)and item difficulty in person-item maps,and to calculate the degree of benefit from interventions.Result:A 3-parameter logistic model(3PLM)with 34 categories was developed,demonstrating high reliability(internal consistency reliability test results:Cronbach's α=0.9249,Guttman's λ-2=0.9320,MS statistic=0.9398,LCRC=0.9585)and validity(the scores of the 34 ICF categories were significantly correlated with the original ICF scores,PSQI scores,SCL-90 scores,and SF-12 scores,P<0.001).The person-item map was used to match individual sleep-related functional levels(θ)to the item difficulties,distinguishing between the mastered and challenging categories,The degree of benefit was calculated for each matched item,revealing a strong cor-relation between item difficulty and benefit degree(P<0.001,Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.777).Conclusion:This study constructed a parsimonious version of the ICF-based comprehensive core set for sleep disorders with 34 items using IRT.The model can effectively evaluate the sleep-related(including cognitive-be-havioral,psychological-emotional,and social)functional levels in individuals with sleep disorders.The applica-tion of the model analysis further provides a visual tool and the expected benefit after intervention items,which can offer new insights for the rehabilitation of sleep disorders.